The consequences of stereotype threat on the academic performance of White and non-White lower income college students

Harrison, Lisa A.; Stevens, Chiesha M.; Monty, Adrienne N.; Coakley, Christine A.

doi:10.1007/s11218-005-5456-6

Cited by 129Social and Intergroup PsychologyEducation, Achievement, and GiftednessHigher Education Research Studies

The consequences of stereotype threat on the academic performance of White and non-White lower income college students

Harrison, Lisa A., Stevens, Chiesha M., Monty, Adrienne N., Coakley, Christine A.·2006·Social Psychology of Education

DOI 10.1007/s11218-005-5456-6

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Harrison et al. (2006) found no differences in effort between SES or ethnic groups.
“Harrison et al. (2006) found no differences in effort between SES or ethnic groups.”
From Factors Related to Mean Score Group Differences on Cognitive Ability Tests: A Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as Harrison et al. (2006)

Stereotype threat and the intellectual test performance of African Americans.
Steele, C. M., & Aronson, J. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.69.5.797 · Cited by 8,181 · see citing works
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“2.2.5. State Self-Esteem Scale All participants completed the State Self-Esteem Scale ( Heatherton & Polivy, 1991 ).”
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Gender identification moderates stereotype threat effects on women's math performance
Schmader, T. (2002) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1006/jesp.2001.1500 · Cited by 711 · see citing works

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“However, to our knowledge, only three studies (Croizet & Claire, 1998; Harrison, Stevens, Monty, & Coakley, 2006; Spencer & Castano, 2007) focused on the reputations of intellectual inferiority which targets individuals of low SES, and none of them were done on children.”
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“, [18,19]) when they experience stereotype threat.”
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“Harrison, Stevens, Monty, & Coakley, 2006 ; Spencer, Steele, & Quinn, 1999 ; Steele & Aronson, 1995 ).”
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“This expectation gave the participants text anxiety under the stereotype threat, and they performed worse than those who were not given the threat (Harrison et al., 2006).”
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“…et al., 2003; Wiederkehr et al., 2015; Duncan, Magnuson and Votruba-Drzal, 2017); negative stereotypes and the self-efficacy of poor children (Harrison et al., 2006; Désert, Préaux and Jund, 2009; Wiederkehr et al., 2015); the volatility and timing of income to be more important than the…”
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“Reframing the performance task as nondiagnostic (Blascovich et al., 2001; Croizet & Claire, 1998; Gonzales et al., 2002; Harrison et al., 2006; McKay et al., 2002; McKown & Weinstein, 2003; Steele & Aronson, 1995; Stone et al., 1999), or as gender-fair (Keller, 2007; Lesko & Corpus, 2006; Spencer et al.”
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“, 2022), socio-economic status (Harrison et al., 2006; see also Désert et al., 2009), and ethnicity (Beasley & Fischer, 2012; Totonchi et al.”
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“For example, students’ childhood living condi - tions were linked to inflammatory responses (John-Henderson et al., 2014) and low income students experienced higher test anxiety after social identity threat situations than high income students (Harrison et al., 2006).”
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“One example is that of stereotype threat: When people attempt tasks that the group of which they are a member is rumored to do poorly on, the knowledge of this stereotype can itself impact their performance (Harrison et al., 2006; Steele, 1997; Tomasetto et al., 2011).”
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“In addition, students in this stigmatized group also experienced higher test anxiety and have a worse performance compared to their middle and higher income students (Harrison et al., 2006).”
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Authors: Harrison, L. A., Stevens, C. M., Monty, A. N., & Coakley, C. A.
Affiliations: California State University, Sacramento (US)
Corresponding author: Harrison, Lisa A.
ORCID: Harrison, Lisa A.
Venue: Social Psychology of Education
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 9
Issue: 3
Pages: 341-357
ISSN: 1381-2890 (ISSN-L)
1573-1928
DOI: 10.1007/s11218-005-5456-6
OpenAlex: W2001012208
Cited by: 129
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 44 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 5.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Social Psychology of Education (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
Keywords: stereotype threat, socioeconomic status, low-income students, academic performance, test anxiety, effort, subject identification, self-esteem, cognitive dissonance theory, race, university students

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The consequences of stereotype threat on the academic performance of White and non-White lower income college students

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