Gender identification moderates stereotype threat effects on women's math performance
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Stereotype threat tends to have the most deleterious effects on those for whom the stereotype is the most self-relevant and on those who are most motivated to perform well.
“At the individual level, there is an unfortunate irony associated with the stereotype threat phenomenon: stereotype threat tends to have the most deleterious effects on those for whom the stereotype is the most self-relevant and on those who are most motivated to perform well.”
From Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership (2016) · cites this paper as Schmader, 2002
The more women identified with their gender, the more vulnerable they were to stereotype threat.
“For example, researchers have shown that the more women identified with their gender, the threatened identity, the more vulnerable they were to stereotype threat (Schmader, 2002).”
From Managing to clear the air: Stereotype threat, women, and leadership (2016) · cites this paper as Schmader, 2002
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Fingerhut, A. W., Peplau, L. A., & Gable, S. L. (2010) · Psychology and Sexuality · doi:10.1080/19419899.2010.484592 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Gender differences in financial literacy: The role of stereotype threat
Tinghög, G., Ahmed, A. M., Barrafrem, K., Lind, T., Skagerlund, K., & Västfjäll, D. (2021) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2021.10.015 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
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A particular resiliency to threatening environments
Inzlicht, M., Aronson, J. M., Good, C., & McKay, L. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2005.05.005 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
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Scheepers, D. T. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2008.09.011 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
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Bergeron, D. M., Block, C. J., & Echtenkamp, A. (2006) · Human Performance · doi:10.1207/s15327043hup1902_3 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
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Kim, J. Y., & Meister, A. (2022) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05203-0 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
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Appel, M., Weber, S., & Kronberger, N. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00900 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
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Stereotypes and the Achievement Gap: Stereotype Threat Prior to Test Taking
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Contending With Stereotype Threat at Work: A Model of Long-Term Responses 1Ψ7
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Gender-Role Differences in Spatial Ability: A Meta-Analytic Review
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An Examination of Age-Based Stereotype Threat About Cognitive Decline
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Twenty years of gender equality research: A scoping review based on a new semantic indicator
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- Authors
- Schmader, T.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Schmader, Toni
- ORCID
- Schmader, Toni
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 194-201
- ISSN
- 0022-1031 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2003195234
- Cited by
- 711
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 55 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 46.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Education, Achievement, and Giftedness
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- stereotype threat, gender identification, gender stereotypes, social identity, individual differences, mathematics achievement, university students
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