Various in vitro systems of Ragged Robin (Lychnis flos-cuculi L.): A new potential source of phytoecdysteroids?
Open accessAbstract
Lychnis flos-cuculi L. is a species containing ecdysteroids, triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, and therefore is a plant of potential medicinal value. In the presented research, diverse in vitro cultures of this taxon were developed to obtain the uniform material capable of producing ecdysteroids, including micropropagated plantlets, shoot cultures, liquid agitated whole plant cultures with fast-growing roots, and callus. A protocol of micropropagation through axillary bud formation was established using plant growth regulators at different concentrations and combinations. All the variants of plant growth regulator supplementation significantly affected a shoot proliferation rate ranging from 8 to 16 plantlets per explant, depending on the medium; DNA content of all the studied plant materials was similar. The thin-layer chromatography analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of ecdysteroids in every plant material apart from callus. The content of 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Agitated plantlets were in vitro cultures that efficiently formed abundant root biomass with significant concentrations of ecdysteroids. In vitro-derived adventitious roots contained twofold higher content of ecdysteroids than those of intact plants. The organs of flowering in vitro-propagated plants, transferred to experimental plot, contained twice as much ecdysteroids when compared to the organs of plants from the natural site, among which flowers were the richest in ecdysteroids. The results revealed that adventitious roots from L. flos-cuculi agitated cultures can be considered as an alternative biotechnological source of biomass rich in pharmaceutically active ecdysteroids. Diverse types of Lychnis flos-cuculi in vitro cultures have been developed. HPLC analysis demonstrated much higher ecdysteroid content in cultures and regenerated plants when compared to natural site plants.
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In vitro cultures from ecdysteroid-rich plants give disappointing results because production is generally very low, even after precursor feeding or hormonal elicitation.
“In vitro cultures from ecdysteroid-rich plants have been developed, but they give disappointing results as the production has been generally very low, even after precursor feeding or hormonal elicitation [172][173][174].”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [174]
Callus cultures also give low ecdysteroid production.
“The same applies to callus cultures”
From Ecdysteroids (2021) · cites this paper as [174]
Lychnis flos-cuculi contains PEs that provide plants with high medicinal value.
“Lychnis flos-cuculi (ragged robin) contains PEs that provide plants with high medicinal value.”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [185]
Diverse in vitro tissue cultures of Lychnis flos-cuculi produce high amounts of uniform PEs and are regarded as a biotechnological source of biomass rich in pharmaceutically biologically active PEs.
“Diverse in vitro tissue cultures of this plant, such as micropropagation, shoot cultures, liquid-agitated whole plant cultures with fast-growing roots, and callus culture, produce high amounts of uniform PEs and are regarded as the biotechnological source of biomass rich in pharmaceutically biologically active PEs [185].”
From Phytoecdysteroids: Distribution, Structural Diversity, Biosynthesis, Activity, and Crosstalk with Phytohormones (2022) · cites this paper as [185]
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Flavonoids of the Caryophyllaceae
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“These results enhanced the knowledge on Ragged Robin’s chemical profile [6,18].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialMakowski, W., Królicka, A., Sroka, J., Matyjewicz, A., Potrykus, M., Kubica, P., Szopa, A., Tokarz, B., & Tokarz, K. M. (2024) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-024-02843-0 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“Maliński et al. (2019) also observed a bigger leaf and shape of Lych-nis flos - cuculi acclimatized to ex vitro conditions.”
Polish contributions in developing medicinal plant in vitro propagation system
Thiem, B., Hermosaningtyas, A. A., Budzianowska, A., & Kikowska, M. A. (2023) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-023-02562-y · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Maliński et al. (2019) further observed the 98% survival rate of L. flos-cuculi from three batched of 25 plants in the experimental plot for two vegetation systems from the previous 91% survival frequency during acclimatisation in pots.”
BackgroundComparative Study of Plantago media Extracts in the Treatment of Acanthamoeba sp. Trophozoites
Budzianowska, A., Derda, M., Budzianowski, J., Szopa, A., & Kikowska, M. A. (2023) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app13127075 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“This relationship is probably not conditioned by the amount of main ecdysteroids, because, in the case of this species, the content of the sum of polypodine B and 20-hydroxyecdysone in the herb and roots is similar, while these compounds are not synthesized by callus cells [57].”
BackgroundHermosaningtyas, A. A., Totoń, E., Lisiak, N., Kruszka, D., Budzianowska, A., & Kikowska, M. A. (2024) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29215158 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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“Lychnis flos-cuculi [33], Scutellaria alpina [34], and Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.”
BackgroundHermosaningtyas, A. A., Kruszka, D., Juszczyk, K., Rewers, M., Budzianowska, A., Yanti, Y., & Kikowska, M. A. (2024) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-024-02859-6 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“In the present study, callus formation from the ragged robin was initiated by placing fragments of hypocotyl, cotyle - don and root isolated from in vitro-derived seedlings based on the micropropagation protocol established by Maliński et al. ( 2019 ).”
InfluentialBiotechnological stimulation of phenolics in Lychnis flos-cuculi shoot cultures
Kikowska, M. A., Urbańska, M., Hermosaningtyas, A. A., Gornowicz‐Porowska, J., Budzianowska, A., Siwulski, M., Blicharska, E., & Thiem, B. (2025) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-025-03117-z · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“The material used in this study consisted of L. flos-cuculi agitated shoot cultures, stabilized in liquid media, from the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology and Plant Biotechnology collection (Maliński et al. 2019 , 2021a, b).”
Hyperhydricity Syndrome in In Vitro Plants: Mechanisms, Physiology, and Control
Barua, R., Igamberdiev, A. U., & Debnath, S. C. (2025) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants14243721 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mujib, A., Mamgain, J., Bansal, Y., & Ejaz, B. (2023) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815165555123010015 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Contemporary Facts Towards In Vitro Production of the Plant-derived Medicinal Metabolites
Nandini, B., Mawale, K. S., & Giridhar, P. (2024) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815165227124010014 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Idzik, M., Chanaj-Kaczmarek, J., Totoń, E., Hermosaningtyas, A. A., Gruszka, M., Gratkowska, M., & Kikowska, M. A. (2025) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-025-03122-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“However, active compounds could not be detected in callus cultures, likely due to the redifferentiation of callus cells (Maliński et al. 2019, 2021a, b; Hermosaningtyas et al. 2024).”
Kikowska, M. A., Danek, K., Porowska, J. G., & Thiem, B. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1420220/v1
Kikowska, M. A., Daněk, K., Studzińska-Sroka, E., & Szopa, A. (2026) · Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) · doi:10.1007/s11240-026-03563-3
“…protocate-chuic acid, vanillic acid, as well as p -coumaric acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid in ragged robin (Ferry and Darbour 1979; Girault et al. 1990; Báthori et al. 2001; Mamadalieva et al. 2008; Böttger and Melzig 2011; Maliński et al. 2019, 2021a, b ; Hermosaningtyas et al. 2024, 2025).”
- Authors
- Maliński, M. P., Kikowska, M., Kruszka, D., Napierała, M., Florek, E., Sliwinska, E., & Thiem, B.
- Affiliations
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PL)
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
- Corresponding author
- Maliński, Michał P.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC)
- Published
- 2019-08-07
- Volume
- 139
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 39-52
- ISSN
- 0167-6857 (ISSN-L)
- 1573-5044
- OpenAlex
- W2964368118
- Cited by
- 18
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 0.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant tissue culture and regeneration
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Phytochemical Studies and Bioactivities
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation
- Keywords
- Lychnis flos-cuculi, ecdysteroids, phytoecdysteroids, micropropagation, axillary bud formation, plant growth regulators, adventitious roots, callus, 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, medicinal plants
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