Impact of lifetime on US residential building LCA results
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In the US, the average lifetime of residential buildings is 50-60 years; in Europe it exceeds 100 years; recent historical building lifetimes have been 30-40 years in Japan and just 25 years in China.
“In the US, the average lifetime of residential buildings is 50-60 years [43,48,60], in Europe it exceeds 100 years [61][62][63], while recent historical building lifetimes have been 30-40 years in Japan [64,65] and just 25 years in China [66][67][68].”
From Material efficiency strategies to reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with buildings, vehicles, and electronics—a review (2019) · cites this paper as [60]
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Ylmén, P., Berlin, J., Mjörnell, K., & Arfvidsson, J. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su12125130 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“This, together with a usage phase often spanning more than 50 years [18,19], qualifies a building to be a representative example of a complex product with a high degree of uncertainty during its life cycle.”
BackgroundLifetimes of buildings in Japan
Kayo, C., & Tonosaki, M. (2022) · Resources Conservation and Recycling · doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106504 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Greenhouse gases and building lifetimes
Méquignon, M., Haddou, H. A., Thellier, F., & Bonhomme, M. (2013) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.05.017 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Serviceability of facade claddings
Prieto, A. J., Silva, A. R., de Brito, J., & Macías-Bernal, J. M. (2017) · Building Research & Information · doi:10.1080/09613218.2016.1264808 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Several service-life prediction methods have been put forward in the last few years (Aktas & Bilec, 2011; Choi & Seo, 2009; Flourentzou, Brandt, &Wetzel, 1999; Garrido, © 2017 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group CONTACT A. Silva anasilva931@msn.com Paulo, & Branco, 2012; Li,…”
MethodLi, L., & Wania, F. (2018) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.8b03443 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Residential Building Lifespan and Community Turnover
Ianchenko, A., Simonen, K., & Barnes, C. (2020) · Journal of Architectural Engineering · doi:10.1061/(asce)ae.1943-5568.0000401 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effects of UV degradation on building materials with emphasis on microplastic generation potential
Kang, Y., Jo, H. H., & Kim, S. (2024) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136521 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Beach, M. W., Kearns, K. L., Davis, J. W., Stutzman, J. R., Lee, D., Lai, Y., Monaenkova, D., Kram, S. L., Hu, J., & Lukas, C. (2021) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c04325 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Environmental assessment of bio-based building materials
Suttie, E., Hill, C. A. S., Sandin, G., Kutnar, A., Ganne‐Chèdeville, C., Lowres, F., & Dias, A. C. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100982-6.00009-4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Collinge, W. O., Thiel, C. L., Campion, N. A., Al‐Ghamdi, S. G., Woloschin, C. L., Soratana, K., Landis, A. E., & Bilec, M. M. (2015) · Procedia Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.08.500 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationData Driven Quantification of the Temporal Scope of Building LCAs
Østergaard, N., Thorsted, L., Miraglia, S., Birkved, M., Rasmussen, F. N., Birgisdóttir, H., Kalbar, P. P., & Georgiadis, S. (2018) · Procedia CIRP · doi:10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.057 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“for certification purposes the DGNB SL is proposed [27] while for general building design optimization the SBi SL [28] is proposed.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialEnergy efficiency of residential buildings in the U.S.: Improvement potential beyond IECC
Golbazi, M., & Aktas, C. B. (2018) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.06.029 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationEvaluating sustainable building assessment systems: a comparative analysis of GBRS and WBLCA
Anyanya, D., Paulillo, A., Fiorini, S., & Lettieri, P. (2025) · Frontiers in Built Environment · doi:10.3389/fbuil.2025.1550733 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pei, L., Schalbart, P., & Peuportier, B. (2022) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104461 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Medeiros, L. M., Durante, L. C., & Callejas, I. J. A. (2018) · Ambiente Construído · doi:10.1590/s1678-86212018000200259 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Tree Information Modeling: A Data Exchange Platform for Tree Design and Management
Shu, Q., Rötzer, T., Detter, A., & Ludwig, F. (2022) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f13111955 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Baylis, C., & Cruickshank, C. A. (2023) · Energy and Buildings · doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2023.113268 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
A critical review of urban scale life cycle assessment of the built environment
Seyedabadi, M. R., & Eicker, U. (2023) · Sustainability Analytics and Modeling · doi:10.1016/j.samod.2023.100026 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Service life of the dwelling stock in Spain
Rincón, L., Pérez, G., & Cabeza, L. F. (2013) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-013-0552-x · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Aktas and Bilec (2012a) determined the impact of lifetime on residential building LCA results, including the impact of interior renovation products over the lifetime of a residential building. They highlighted that choosing an arbitrary lifetime for buildings and interior finishes or excluding interior renovation impa…”
BackgroundQuantitative approaches in life cycle assessment—part 1—descriptive statistics and factor analysis
Grant, A. T. J., Ries, R. J., & Thompson, C. J. (2016) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-016-1099-4 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jerome, A., & Söderman, M. L. (2025) · The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment · doi:10.1007/s11367-025-02470-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“While data and calculation models for the lifetime of buildings and their components have been developed (Aktas and Bilec 2012; Morales et al. 2021; Silvestre et al. 2015), these are generally applicable to other products and do not address the integration of lifetime into LCA equations.”
Assessing the gap between a normative and a reality-based model of building LCA
Vuarnoz, D., Hoxha, E., Nembrini, J., Jusselme, T., & Cozza, S. (2020) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101454 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Carbon Footprint of Landscape Tree Production in Korea
Park, H., Jo, H.-K., & Kim, J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su13115915 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Effects of construction activities on the planetary boundaries
Tunji-Olayeni, P., Omuh, I. O., Afolabi, A. O., Ojelabi, R. A., & Eshofonie, E. E. (2019) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1299/1/012005 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“[15] noted that interior renovations alone can account for as much as 20 %-30 % of initial embodied energy.”
BackgroundYang, X., Zhang, C., Li, X., Cao, Z., Wang, P., Wang, H., Liu, G., Xia, Z., Zhu, D., & Chen, W. (2023) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2023.108092 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Wang, E., & Shen, Z. (2014) · Journal of Civil Engineering and Management · doi:10.3846/13923730.2013.802744 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Amini, M., & Memari, A. M. (2021) · Natural Hazards Review · doi:10.1061/(asce)nh.1527-6996.0000464 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Life Cycle Assessment for Residential Buildings: A Literature Review and Gap Analysis (Revised)
Ghattas, R., Gregory, J. R., Noori, M., Miller, T. R., Olivetti, E., & Greene, S. (2016) · DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Regional variation of greenhouse gas mitigation strategies for the United States building sector
Vahidi, E., Kirchain, R., Burek, J., & Gregory, J. R. (2021) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117527 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
- Authors
- Aktas, C. B., & Bilec, M. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Aktas, Can B.
- Venue
- The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment
- Published
- 2011-12-16
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 337-349
- ISSN
- 0948-3349 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-7502
- OpenAlex
- W2088799927
- Cited by
- 208
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 6.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Sustainable Building Design and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Life Cycle Costing Analysis
- Keywords
- building lifetime, residential buildings, interior renovation, interior finishes, life cycle inventory, probability distributions, Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis, sensitivity analysis, embodied energy, life cycle energy consumption
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