Cited by 205Alzheimer's disease research and treatmentsHIV Research and TreatmentNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Increased Accumulation of Intraneuronal Amyloid β in HIV-Infected Patients

Open access
HNRC, Achim, Cristian L., Adame, Anthony, Dumaop, Wilmar, Everall, Ian P., Masliah, Eliezer·2009·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology

Abstract

In recent years, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients under highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) regimens have shown a markedly improved general clinical status; however, the prevalence of mild cognitive disorders has increased. We propose that increased longevity with HIV-mediated chronic inflammation combined with the secondary effects of HAART may increase the risk of early brain aging as shown by intraneuronal accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates like amyloid beta (Abeta), which might participate in worsening the neurodegenerative process and cognitive impairment in older patients with HIV. For this purpose, levels and distribution of Abeta immunoreactivity were analyzed in the frontal cortex of 43 patients with HIV (ages 38-60) and HIV- age-matched controls. Subcellular localization of the Abeta-immunoreactive material was analyzed by double labeling and confocal microscopy and by immunono-electron microscopy (EM). Compared to HIV- cases, in HIV+ cases, there was abundant intracellular Abeta immunostaining in pyramidal neurons and along axonal tracts. Cases with HIV encephalitis (HIVE) had higher levels of intraneuronal Abeta immunoreactivity compared to HIV+ cases with no HIVE. Moreover, levels of intracellular Abeta correlated with age in the group with HIVE. Double-labeling analysis showed that the Abeta-immunoreactive granules in the neurons co-localized with lysosomal markers such as cathepsin-D and LC3. Ultrastructural analysis by immuno-EM has confirmed that in these cases, intracellular Abeta was often found in structures displaying morphology similar to autophagosomes. These findings suggest that long-term survival with HIV might interfere with clearance of proteins such as Abeta and worsen neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in this population.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s11481-009-9152-8

Cites

88 of 92 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Brains from post-mortem HIV patients display increased levels of deposited Aβ and hyperphosphorylated tau compared to age-matched controls.

    “Moreover, brains from post‐mortem HIV patients display increased levels of deposited amyloid beta (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylated tau compared to age‐matched controls, suggesting pathological links exist between Alzheimer’s disease and HAD (Green et al, 2005; Anthony et al, 2006; Achim et al, 2009).”

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

1 retracted

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
HNRC, Achim, C. L., Adame, A., Dumaop, W., Everall, I. P., & Masliah, E.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Masliah, Eliezer
Venue
Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology
Published
2009-03-17
Volume
4
Issue
2
Pages
190-199
ISSN
  • 1557-1890 (ISSN-L)
  • 1557-1904
OpenAlex
W2162703492
Cited by
205
References
88
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 8
FWCI
7.09
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc
Locations
  • Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r01mh058164-03)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (U01-MH83506, U01MH083506, R01MH079881, R21MH072529, MH79881, MH-62512, MH5974, P50MH045294, MH076681, MH58164, R21MH076681, P30MH062512)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA12065, P01DA012065)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Virology › HIV Research and Treatment
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
intraneuronal amyloid-beta, HIV infection, HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV encephalitis, autophagy, autophagosomes, lysosomes, cathepsin D, LC3, frontal cortex, pyramidal neurons, neurodegeneration, brain aging, chronic inflammation, highly active antiretroviral therapy, cognitive impairment
MeSH terms
Adult, Brain, Cathepsin D, Inclusion Bodies, Encephalitis, Female, Humans, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted, Immunohistochemistry, Lysosomes, Male, Microtubule-Associated Proteins, Middle Aged, Neurons, HIV Infections, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Microscopy, Immunoelectron, Microscopy, Confocal, Lysosomal Membrane Proteins, Lysosomal-Associated Membrane Protein 2

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review