Dietary fatty acids and insulin resistance
Abstract
High-fat diets have been associated with insulin resistance, a risk factor for both Type II diabetes and heart disease. The effect of dietary fat on insulin varies depending on the type of fatty acid consumed. Saturated fatty acids have been consistently associated with insulin resistance. On the other hand, medium and long-chain fatty acid intakes are associated with insulin sensitivity, as are high intakes of w3 fatty acids. Trans fatty acids appear to potentiate insulin secretion, at least in the short-term, to a greater degree than cis fatty acids. This may reflect chronic alterations in insulin sensitivity, although this remains to be tested. In summary, although it must be emphasized that all diets high in fat cause insulin resistance relative to high-carbohydrate diets, it appears that dietary saturated, short-chain, and w6 fatty acids have the most deleterious effects on insulin action.
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The low-glycemic index, the high intake of monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, and the lower intake of branch-chain amino acids may exert some additional beneficial effects in reducing insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia.
“However, it is possible that the low-glycemic index, the high intake of monounsaturated and n-3 fatty acids, and the lower intake of branch-chain amino acids may exert some additional beneficial effects in reducing insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia (69,70).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Lovejoy, J. C.
- Affiliations
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lovejoy, Jennifer C.
- ORCID
- Lovejoy, Jennifer C.
- Venue
- Current Atherosclerosis Reports
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 215-220
- ISSN
- 1523-3804 (ISSN-L)
- 1534-6242
- OpenAlex
- W2058015833
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Atherosclerosis Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- dietary fatty acids, insulin resistance, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, trans fatty acids, medium-chain fatty acids, insulin sensitivity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high-fat diet
- MeSH terms
- Coronary Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Dietary Fats, Fatty Acids, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Insulin Resistance
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