Cited by 139Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

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ADD/ADHD and impaired executive function in clinical practice

Brown, Thomas E.·2008·Current Psychiatry Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7

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Abstract

The disorder currently known as attention-deficit disorder (ADD) or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is now recognized by most clinicians as a legitimate and widely prevalent disorder among children and adults. Yet there is still widespread misunderstanding as to the disorder's nature. Many clinicians mistakenly continue to think of this as a behavior disorder characterized by hyperactivity in children and excessive restlessness or impulsivity in adults. In fact, ADD/ADHD is essentially a cognitive disorder, a developmental impairment of executive functions (EFs), the self-management system of the brain. Although EFs are complex, their impairment constitutes a syndrome that can be recognized readily in clinical practice; impaired EF involves a pattern of chronic difficulties in executing a wide variety of daily tasks. Once recognized, this disorder can be effectively treated in most cases. In this article, I describe the nature of EF impairments in ADD/ADHD and how the syndrome can be recognized and effectively treated in clinical practice. (Note: The term ADHD is used in the balance of this article to refer to both inattentive and combined subtypes.).

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Authors: Brown, T. E.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Brown, Thomas E.
ORCID: Brown, Thomas E.
Venue: Current Psychiatry Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2008-10
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 407-411
ISSN: 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
1535-1645
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-008-0065-7
OpenAlex: W2177246519
Cited by: 137
References: 23
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 1.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, executive dysfunction, cognitive disorders, self-management, clinical recognition, ADHD treatment, inattentive subtype, combined subtype, hyperactivity, impulsivity, children and adults
MeSH terms: Adult, Central Nervous System Stimulants, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Cognition Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Drug Administration Schedule, Humans, Neuropsychology, Treatment Outcome

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ADD/ADHD and impaired executive function in clinical practice

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