Advances in genetic studies of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most common childhood-onset psychiatric disorders. Although family, twin, and adoption studies demonstrate that ADHD is a highly heritable condition, studies also suggest that genetic architecture is complex, prompting the use of more advanced methodologies such as genome-wide linkage and association studies. Although such studies are theoretically compelling, replication of these results has been inconsistent. Meta-analyses have produced more reliable results, but the associations identified to date account for only a small percentage of the genetic component of ADHD. Approaches such as neuroimaging genetics and epigenetic studies are being explored to probe further the etiologic complexity of this disorder.
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Evidence supporting environmental contributions to ASD risk includes incomplete concordance for autism among monozygotic twins and incomplete penetrance within individuals expressing a given ASD-linked gene mutation.
“Evidence supporting environmental contributions to ASD risk include observations of incomplete concordance for autism among monozygotic twins and incomplete penetrance within individuals expressing a given ASD-linked gene mutation, whereby a significant percentage of carriers do not express autistic phenotypes [ 14 , 19 , 22 ].”
From DNA methylation: a mechanism linking environmental chemical exposures to risk of autism spectrum disorders? (2016) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Smith, A. K., Mick, E., & Faraone, S. V.
- Affiliations
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Faraone, Stephen V.
- Venue
- Current Psychiatry Reports
- Published
- 2009-03-22
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 143-148
- ISSN
- 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
- 1535-1645
- OpenAlex
- W2072441542
- Cited by
- 41
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, genetic architecture, heritability, genome-wide association study, meta-analysis, neuroimaging genetics, epigenetics, ADHD etiology
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Genotype, Humans, Genetic Linkage, Molecular Biology, Social Environment, Genome, Minisatellite Repeats, Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1B, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Receptors, Dopamine D4, Receptors, Dopamine D5, Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25
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