Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

Zainal, Nur Hani; Newman, Michelle G.

doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01390-9

Cited by 40Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMental Health Research Topics

Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

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Zainal, Nur Hani, Newman, Michelle G.·2022·Current Psychiatry Reports

DOI 10.1007/s11920-022-01390-9PMC PMC9676877

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Abstract

Purpose of review We synthesize theories proposing complex relations between cognitive functioning and anxiety-related concepts. We evaluate vulnerability theories suggesting that deficits in various cognitive functioning domains predict future anxiety-associated concepts. We examine scar theories asserting the opposite direction of effects (i.e., anxiety predicting cognitive dysfunction). Furthermore, we examine more novel frameworks on this topic.Recent findings Reliable evidence exists for the scar and vulnerability theories. This includes mounting data on diverse anxiety symptoms predicting cognitive dysfunction (and conversely) unfolding at between- and within-person levels (dynamic mutualism theory). It also includes data on the stronger effects or central influence of anxiety (versus non-anxiety) symptoms on executive functioning (EF; i.e., higher-order cognitive control governing myriad thinking and action repertoires) versus non-EF domains and vice versa (network theory). In addition, it reviews emerging evidence that enhanced cognitive control can correlate with higher anxiety among children (overgeneralized control theory). The generally inverse relations between anxiety symptoms and cognitive dysfunction are bidirectional and complex within and between persons. Plausible mediators and moderators merit more attention, including immune, metabolism, and neural markers and the social determinants of health.

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Meta-analytic data from randomized controlled trials indicate that both therapist-led and entirely self-guided mindfulness-based interventions are significantly effective in mitigating anxiety, depression, and associated common mental health symptoms.
“Meta-analytic data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) indicated that both therapist-led [2] and entirely self-guided [3, 4] MBIs were significantly effective in mitigating anxiety, depression, and associated common mental health symptoms.”
From Treatment condition as a moderator and change in trait mindfulness as a mediator of a brief mindfulness ecological momentary intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
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Authors: Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Newman, Michelle G.
ORCID: Zainal, Nur Hani
Newman, Michelle G.
Venue: Current Psychiatry Reports
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2022-11-19
Volume: 24
Issue: 12
Pages: 871-880
ISSN: 1523-3812 (ISSN-L)
1535-1645
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01390-9
PMC: PMC9676877
OpenAlex: W4309669096
Cited by: 40
References: 101
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1
FWCI: 0.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Current Psychiatry Reports (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
ScholarSphere (Penn State Libraries) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (R01 MH11512)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Keywords: executive function, anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive control, cognitive impairment, vulnerability theory, network theory, bidirectional relations, children, social determinants of health
MeSH terms: Anxiety, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Cicatrix, Humans, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Executive Function

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Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders

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