An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: the complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms

Heeren, Alexandre; McNally, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009

Cited by 170Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesMental Health Research TopicsChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: the complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms

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Heeren, Alexandre, McNally, Richard J.·2016·Journal of Anxiety Disorders

DOI 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009

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Abstract

Cognitive models posit that social anxiety disorder (SAD) is associated with and maintained by biased attention allocation vis-à-vis social threat. However, over the last decade, there has been intense debate regarding whether AB in SAD results from preferential engagement with or difficulty in disengaging from social threat. Further, recent evidence suggests that AB may merely result from top-down attentional impairments vis-à-vis non-emotional material. Consequently, uncertainty still abounds regarding both the relative importance and the mutual interactions of these different processes and SAD symptoms. Inspired by novel network approaches to psychopathology that conceptualize symptoms as complex dynamic systems of mutually interacting variables, we computed weighted directed networks to investigate potential causal relations among laboratory measures of attentional components and symptoms of social anxiety disorder. Global and local connectivity of network structures revealed that the three most central variables were the orienting component of attention as well as both avoidance and fear of social situations. Neither preferential attention engagement with threat nor difficulty disengaging from threat exhibited high relative importance as predictors of symptoms in the network. Together, these findings suggest the value of extending the network approach beyond self-reported clinical symptoms to incorporate process-level measures from laboratory tasks to gain new insight into the mechanisms of SAD.

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Anxiety and ABs may emerge from an imbalance between threat salience evaluation and cognitive control processes, described at both cognitive and neural network levels.
“Anxiety and ABs may emerge from an imbalance between threat salience evaluation and cognitive control processes, described at both cognitive and neural network levels [115,118-121].”
From Anxiety and Threat-Related Attention: Cognitive-Motivational Framework and Treatment (2018) · cites this paper as [120]

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A network theory of mental disorders
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Can network analysis transform psychopathology?
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Irritability in Youths: A Translational Model
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Heterogeneity in Cognitive and Socio-Emotional Functioning in Adolescents With On-Track and Delayed School Progression
Vandenbroucke, L., Weeda, W. D., Lee, N. C., Baeyens, D., Westfall, J., Figner, B., & Huizinga, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01572 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
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Commentary: A network theory of mental disorders
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Further evidence that psychopathology networks have limited replicability and utility: Response to Borsboom et al. (2017) and Steinley et al. (2017).
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The relationship between cognitive functioning and psychopathology in patients with psychiatric disorders: a transdiagnostic network analysis
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Symptoms of problematic pornography use in a sample of treatment considering and treatment non-considering men: a network approach
Bőthe, B., Lonza, A., Štulhofer, A., & Demetrovics, Z. (2020) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.05.030 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
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Bridging maladaptive social self-beliefs and social anxiety: a network perspective
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Unique versus shared associations between self-reported behavioral addictions and substance use disorders and mental health problems: A commonality analysis in a large sample of young Swiss men
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Examining the validity of the Mini‐Mental State Examination ( MMSE ) and its domains using network analysis
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The left middle temporal gyrus in the middle of an impaired social-affective communication network in social anxiety disorder
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Moving forward: challenges and directions for psychopathological network theory and methodologyPreprint
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Does Test Anxiety Predispose Poor School-Related Wellbeing and Enhanced Risk of Emotional Disorders?
Putwain, D. W., Gallard, D., Beaumont, J., Loderer, K., & von der Embse, N. P. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-021-10211-x · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Network analysis of psychopathy in forensic patients.
Preszler, J. R., Marcus, D. K., Edens, J. F., & McDermott, B. E. (2018) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000325 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Mapping Dynamic Interactions Among Cognitive Biases in Depression
Everaert, J., Bernstein, A., Joormann, J., & Koster, E. H. W. (2020) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073919892069 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The relations between different components of intolerance of uncertainty and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: a network analysis
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Verbal Abuse Related to Self-Esteem Damage and Unjust Blame Harms Mental Health and Social Interaction in College Population
Yun, J., Shim, G., & Jeong, B. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-42199-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Network analysis of mood symptoms in adolescents with or at high risk for bipolar disorder
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Does mindfulness change the mind? A novel psychonectome perspective based on Network Analysis
Roca, P., Diez, G. G., Castellanos, N., & Vazquez, C. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0219793 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Executive Functioning Constructs in Anxiety, Obsessive–Compulsive, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Related Disorders
Zainal, N. H., & Newman, M. G. (2022) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-022-01390-9 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Network analysis: A new psychometric approach to examine the underlying ACT model components
Christodoulou, A., Michaelides, M. P., & Karekla, M. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.002 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Interplay Between Quality of Life and Resilience Factors in Later Life: A Network Analysis
Brinkhof, L. P., Huth, K. B. S., Murre, J. M. J., de Wit, S., Krugers, H. J., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.752564 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Vulnerabilities in social anxiety: Integrating intra- and interpersonal perspectives
Ginat-Frolich, R., Gilboa-Schechtman, E., Huppert, J. D., Aderka, I. M., Alden, L. E., Bar-Haim, Y., Becker, E. S., Bernstein, A., Geva, R., Heimberg, R. G., et al. (2024) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102415 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Network Analysis of Anxiety in the Autism Realm
Montazeri, F., de Bildt, A. A., Dekker, V., & Anderson, G. M. (2018) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-018-3474-4 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Delayed gaze shifts away from others’ eyes in children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder
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The relations among worry, meta-worry, intolerance of uncertainty and attentional bias for threat in men at high risk for generalized anxiety disorder: a network analysis
Ren, L., Yang, Z., Wang, Y., Cui, L.-B., Jin, Y., Ma, Z., Zhang, Q., Wu, Z., Wang, H.-N., & Yang, Q. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02849-w · Cited by 33 · see citing works
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Latent Trait, Latent-Trait State, and a Network Approach to Mental Problems and Their Mechanisms of Change
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Differential impairments across attentional networks in binge drinking
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Cognitive-emotional networks in students with and without a history of non-suicidal self-injury
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The Four Ws of Test Anxiety
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Anxiety and Brain Networks of Attentional Control
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Parenting Characteristics among Adults With Social Anxiety and their Influence on Social Anxiety Development in Children: A Brief Integrative Review
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Symptom Network Models of PsychosisPreprint
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Cognitive Variables in Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents: A Network Analysis
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Dissociated deficits in attentional networks in social anxiety and depression
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Socioeconomic deprivation in early life and symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood: mediating role of hippocampal connectivity
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Does authentic self‐esteem buffer the negative effects of bullying victimization on social anxiety and classroom concentration? Evidence from a short‐term longitudinal study with early adolescents
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Community structure analysis of rejection sensitive personality profiles: A common neural response to social evaluative threat?
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A Network Approach to Understanding the Emotion Regulation Benefits of Aerobic Exercise
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The network structure of schema modes
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Longitudinal Network Stability of the Functional Impairment of Anxiety and Depression
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Changing characteristics of the empathic communication network after empathy-enhancement program for medical students
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Socioeconomic status and social anxiety: attentional control as a key missing variable?
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Sleep problems as a transdiagnostic hub bridging impaired attention control, generalized anxiety, and depression
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Using what we know about threat reactivity models to understand mental health during the COVID-19 pandemicPreprint
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A network analysis of two conceptual approaches to the etiology of PTSD
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Daily dynamic assessment and modelling of intersession processes in ambulatory psychotherapy: A proof of concept study
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The nature of night eating syndrome: Using network analysis to understand unique symptomological relationships
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Authors: Heeren, A., & McNally, R. J.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Heeren, Alexandre
ORCID: Heeren, Alexandre
McNally, Richard J.
Venue: Journal of Anxiety Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2016-08
Volume: 42
Pages: 95-104
ISSN: 0887-6185 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.06.009
OpenAlex: W2469879789
Cited by: 170
References: 113
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9
FWCI: 30.76
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: other-oa
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Anxiety Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion, other-oa)
DIAL (Catholic University of Leuven) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Belgian National Fund (#FC78142)
Belgian Foundation for Vocation
“WBI World Excellence Grant” (sub/2015/228106243177)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: social anxiety disorder, attentional control, directed weighted networks, orienting, avoidance, top-down attention, symptom mechanisms
MeSH terms: Attentional Bias, Phobia, Social, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Young Adult, Self Report, Symptom Assessment

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An integrative network approach to social anxiety disorder: the complex dynamic interplay among attentional bias for threat, attentional control, and symptoms

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