Zero Tolerance for Genital Mutilation: a Review of Moral Justifications
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Such failure can lead to unequal treatment of persons of different sexes, genders, ethnic backgrounds, or religions.
“and unequal treatment of persons of different sexes, genders, ethnic backgrounds, or religions [72–77].”
From Reconsidering the role of patriarchy in upholding female genital modifications: analysis of contemporary and pre-industrial societies (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
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Dickinson, J., & Cameron, A. (2016) · doi:10.4324/9781315569642-8 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Fahmy, M. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-37621-5_4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Gruenbaum, E., Earp, B. D., & Shweder, R. A. (2023) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00581-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationMale or female genital cutting: why ‘health benefits’ are morally irrelevant
Earp, B. D. (2021) · Journal of Medical Ethics · doi:10.1136/medethics-2020-106782 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Timing of Genital Surgery in Somatic Intersexuality: Surveys of Patients’ Preferences
Meyer‐Bahlburg, H. F. L. (2022) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000521958 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Karlsen, S., Howard, J. A., Carver, N., Mogilnicka, M., & Pantazis, C. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00526-4 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Genital Cutting as Gender Oppression: Time to Revisit the WHO Paradigm
Earp, B. D. (2022) · Frontiers in Human Dynamics · doi:10.3389/fhumd.2022.778592 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationNon-therapeutic penile circumcision of minors: current controversies in UK law and medical ethics
Lempert, A., Chegwidden, J., Steinfeld, R., & Earp, B. D. (2022) · Clinical Ethics · doi:10.1177/14777509221104703 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationDefending an inclusive right to genital and bodily integrity for children
Townsend, K. G. (2021) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-021-00503-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Earp, B. D., Abdulcadir, J., & Liao, L. (2022) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-022-00639-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationThe need for a unified ethical stance on child genital cutting
Earp, B. D., Shahvisi, A., Reis‐Dennis, S., & Reis, E. (2021) · Nursing Ethics · doi:10.1177/0969733020983397 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationRethinking the Definition of Medicalized Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting
Eekert, N. V., Barrett, H. R., Kimani, S. T., Hidayana, I. M., & Leye, E. (2024) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-023-02772-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Earp, B. D. (2022) · Global Discourse · doi:10.1332/204378921x16347905414226 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationSardoč, M., & Prebilič, V. (2022) · Policy Futures in Education · doi:10.1177/14782103221136186 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Ayenew, A. A., Mol, B. W., Abeje, G., & Bradford, B. F. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103604 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Ali, Z. I. A., Alhaffar, M., & Howard, N. (2025) · PLOS Global Public Health · doi:10.1371/journal.pgph.0004571 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Culturally Diverse Societies and Genital Cutting Controversies
Townsend, K. G. (2023) · Res Publica · doi:10.1007/s11158-023-09615-1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Kumar, R., Calvo, N., & Einstein, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Global Women s Health · doi:10.3389/fgwh.2024.1409397 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Learner, H. I., Ali, S., Deegan, N., & Hodes, D. (2025) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-025-01188-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The child's welfare interest-based right to bodily integrity
Townsend, K. G. (2024) · Clinical Ethics · doi:10.1177/14777509241274227 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Jacobs, A. (2021) · Assigning Responsibility for Children’s Health When Parents and Authorities Disagree: Whose Child? · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-87698-2_15
Evolutionary Perspectives: Female Genital Cutting
Carballea, D., & Costero, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-08956-5_886-1
Ayenew, A. A., Mol, B. W., Fekadu, G. A., & Bradford, B. F. (2026) · BMJ Public Health · doi:10.1136/bmjph-2024-001907
- Authors
- Earp, B. D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Earp, Brian D.
- ORCID
- Earp, Brian D.
- Venue
- Current Sexual Health Reports
- Published
- 2020-12
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 276-288
- ISSN
- 1548-3584 (ISSN-L)
- 1548-3592
- OpenAlex
- W3113368437
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 138
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4
- FWCI
- 2.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2021-04-05)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Sexual Health Reports (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Issues
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics and bioethics in healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Ethics and Legal Issues in Pediatric Healthcare
- Keywords
- female genital mutilation, zero tolerance laws, moral justification, bodily integrity, cosmetic genital surgery, male circumcision, individual rights, individual autonomy, sexual boundaries, equality before the law, medical ethics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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