Toll-Like Receptor Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases
Open accessAbstract
Autoimmune diseases are a family of chronic systemic inflammatory disorders, characterized by the dysregulation of the immune system which finally results in the break of tolerance to self-antigen. Several studies suggest that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. TLRs belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins and located on various cellular membranes. Two main groups have been classified based on their location; the extracelluar group referred to the ones located on the plasma membrane while the intracellular group all located in endosomal compartments responsible for the recognition of nucleic acids. They are released by the host cells and trigger various intracellular pathways which results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, as well as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules to protect against invading microorganisms. In particular, TLR pathway-associated proteins, such as IRAK, TRAF, and SOCS, are often dysregulated in this group of diseases. TLR-associated gene expression profile analysis together with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment could be important to explain the pathomechanism driving autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on TLR pathway regulation in various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and psoriasis.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Autoimmune diseases are systemic inflammatory conditions marked by immune system dysfunction that ultimately leads to loss of tolerance toward the body's own antigens.
“Autoimmune diseases constitute a group of systemic inflammatory conditions marked by immune system dysfunction that ultimately leads to the loss of tolerance toward the body’s own antigens [1].”
From Chronic Stress and Autoimmunity: The Role of HPA Axis and Cortisol Dysregulation (2025) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
Akira, S., Uematsu, S., & Takeuchi, O. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015 · Cited by 11,974 · see citing works
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Banwell, B., Clanet, M., Cohen, J. A., Filippi, M., Fujihara, K., Havrdova, E., Hutchinson, M., Kappos, L., et al. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22366 · Cited by 9,802 · see citing works
The role of pattern-recognition receptors in innate immunity: update on Toll-like receptors
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1863 · Cited by 9,304 · see citing works
Akira, S., & Takeda, K. (2004) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1391 · Cited by 8,312 · see citing works
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the “McDonald Criteria”
Polman, C. H., Reingold, S. C., Edan, G., Filippi, M., Hartung, H., Kappos, L., Lublin, F. D., Metz, L. M., McFarland, H. F., O'Connor, P. W., et al. (2005) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.20703 · Cited by 5,017 · see citing works
Visse, R., & Nagase, H. (2003) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.0000070112.80711.3d · Cited by 4,575 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity
Kawai, T., & Akira, S. (2011) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.05.006 · Cited by 3,658 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors in innate immunity
Takeda, K. (2004) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh186 · Cited by 3,328 · see citing works
Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in connective tissue remodeling
Woessner, J. F. (1991) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.8.1850705 · Cited by 3,281 · see citing works
Role of Adaptor TRIF in the MyD88-Independent Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Pathway
Yamamoto, M., Sato, S., Hemmi, H., Hoshino, K., Kaisho, T., Sanjo, H., Takeuchi, O., Sugiyama, M., Okabe, M., Takeda, K., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1087262 · Cited by 3,244 · see citing works
Baechler, E. C., Batliwalla, F., Karypis, G., Gaffney, P. M., Ortmann, W. A., Espe, K. J., Shark, K. B., Grande, W. J., Hughes, K. M. H., Kapur, V., et al. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337679100 · Cited by 2,246 · see citing works
MD-2, a Molecule that Confers Lipopolysaccharide Responsiveness on Toll-like Receptor 4
Shimazu, R., Akashi, S., Ogata, H., Nagai, Y., Fukudome, K., Miyake, K., & Kimoto, M. (1999) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.189.11.1777 · Cited by 2,187 · see citing works
TAK1 is a ubiquitin-dependent kinase of MKK and IKK
Wang, C., Deng, L., Hong, M., Akkaraju, G. R., Inoue, J.-I., & Chen, Z. J. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35085597 · Cited by 2,125 · see citing works
A family of cytokine-inducible inhibitors of signalling
Starr, R., Willson, T. A., Viney, E. M., Murray, L. J. L., Rayner, J. R., Jenkins, B. J., Gonda, T. J., Alexander, W. S., Metcalf, D., Nicola, N. A., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43206 · Cited by 2,066 · see citing works
The TNF receptor 1-associated protein TRADD signals cell death and NF-κB activation
Hsu, H., Xiong, J., & Goeddel, D. V. (1995) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90070-5 · Cited by 2,024 · see citing works
Pattern recognition receptors TLR4 and CD14 mediate response to respiratory syncytial virus
Kurt-Jones, E., Popova, L., Kwinn, L. A., Haynes, L., Jones, L. P., Tripp, R., Walsh, E., Freeman, M., Golenbock, D., Anderson, L., et al. (2000) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/80833 · Cited by 1,842 · see citing works
IPC: Professional Type 1 Interferon-Producing Cells and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Precursors
Liu, Y.-J. (2004) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115633 · Cited by 1,618 · see citing works
A new protein containing an SH2 domain that inhibits JAK kinases
Endo, T. A., Masuhara, M., Yokouchi, M., Suzuki, R., Sakamoto, H., Mitsui, K., Matsumoto, A., Tanimura, S., Ohtsubo, M., Misawa, H., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43213 · Cited by 1,408 · see citing works
Structure and function of a new STAT-induced STAT inhibitor
Naka, T., Narazaki, M., Hirata, M., Matsumoto, T., Minamoto, S., Aono, A., Nishimoto, N., Kajita, T., Taga, T., Yoshizaki, K., et al. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/43219 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis
Poser, C. M., & Brinar, V. V. (2001) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/s0303-8467(00)00125-6 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
TRAM couples endocytosis of Toll-like receptor 4 to the induction of interferon-β
Kagan, J. C., Su, T., Horng, T., Chow, A. Y., Akira, S., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2008) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1569 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
Yamamoto, M., Sato, S., Mori, K., Hoshino, K., Takeuchi, O., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.12.6668 · Cited by 1,227 · see citing works
The evolution of vertebrate Toll-like receptors
Roach, J. C., Glusman, G., Rowen, L., Kaur, A., Purcell, M. K., Smith, K. D., Hood, L., & Aderem, A. A. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502272102 · Cited by 1,175 · see citing works
Napolitani, G., Rinaldi, A., Bertoni, F., Sallusto, F., & Lanzavecchia, A. (2005) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1223 · Cited by 1,156 · see citing works
TRAF2-Mediated Activation of NF-κB by TNF Receptor 2 and CD40
Rothe, M., Sarma, V. J., Dixit, V. M., & Goeddel, D. V. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7544915 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Integral role of IRF-5 in the gene induction programme activated by Toll-like receptors
Takaoka, A., Yanai, H., Kondo, S., Duncan, G. S., Negishi, H., Mizutani, T., Kano, S., Honda, K., Ohba, Y., Mak, T. W., et al. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03308 · Cited by 1,042 · see citing works
Identification of SOCS-3 as a Potential Mediator of Central Leptin Resistance
Bjørbæk, C., Elmquist, J. K., Frantz, J. D., Shoelson, S. E., & Flier, J. S. (1998) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80062-3 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Psoriasis − epidemiology and clinical spectrum
Christophers, E. (2001) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00832.x · Cited by 984 · see citing works
Barrat, F. J., Meeker, T., Gregorio, J. D., Chan, J. H., Uematsu, S., Akira, S., Chang, B., Duramad, O., & Coffman, R. L. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20050914 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Spatiotemporal regulation of MyD88–IRF-7 signalling for robust type-I interferon induction
Honda, K., Ohba, Y., Yanai, H., Negishi, H., Mizutani, T., Takaoka, A., Taya, C., & Taniguchi, T. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03547 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
IRAK: A Kinase Associated with the Interleukin-1 Receptor
Cao, Z., Henzel, W. J., & Gao, X. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5252.1128 · Cited by 898 · see citing works
Human lupus autoantibody–DNA complexes activate DCs through cooperation of CD32 and TLR9
Means, T. K., Latz, E., Hayashi, F., Murali, M. R., Golenbock, D. T., & Luster, A. D. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci23025 · Cited by 849 · see citing works
The adaptor molecule TIRAP provides signalling specificity for Toll-like receptors
Horng, T., Barton, G. M., Flavell, R. A., & Medzhitov, R. M. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01180 · Cited by 809 · see citing works
MicroRNAs: Novel Regulators Involved in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis?
Sonkoly, E., Wei, T., Janson, P. C. J., Sääf, A., Lundeberg, L., Tengvall-Linder, M., Norstedt, G., Alenius, H., Homey, B., Scheynius, A., et al. (2007) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000610 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Emerging Role of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Thwaites, R. S., Chamberlain, G., & Sacre, S. M. (2014) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2014.00001 · Cited by 748 · see citing works
Human Cytomegalovirus Activates Inflammatory Cytokine Responses via CD14 and Toll-Like Receptor 2
Compton, T., Kurt‐Jones, E. A., Boehme, K. W., Belko, J., Latz, E., Golenbock, D. T., & Finberg, R. W. (2003) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.77.8.4588-4596.2003 · Cited by 676 · see citing works
Selective regulatory function of Socs3 in the formation of IL-17-secreting T cells
Chen, Z. J., Laurence, A. D. J., Kanno, Y., Pacher-Zavisin, M. C., Zhu, B., Tato, C. M., Yoshimura, A., Hennighausen, L. G., & O’Shea, J. J. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0600666103 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs)
Bradley, J. R., & Pober, J. S. (2001) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1204788 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Naito, A., Azuma, S., Tanaka, S., Miyazaki, T., Takaki, S., Takatsu, K., Nakao, K., Nakamura, K., Katsuki, M., Yamamoto, T. S., et al. (1999) · Genes to Cells · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1999.00265.x · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Bhaumik, D., Scott, G. K., Schokrpur, S., Patil, C. K., Campisi, J., & Benz, C. C. (2008) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2008.171 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors modulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis
Rolls, A., Shechter, R., London, A., Ziv, Y., Ronen, A., Levy, R., & Schwartz, M. (2007) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb1629 · Cited by 620 · see citing works
Mechanism of endosomal TLR inhibition by antimalarial drugs and imidazoquinolines
Kužnik, A., Benčina, M., Švajger, U., Jeras, M., Rozman, B., & Jerala, R. (2011) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1000702 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
Gene expression profile analysis of the rat macrophages infected with Toxoplasma gondii
赵志军, 林茹, 郭雅琪, 钟利, Tao, W., 王姝, 殷国民, & 董辉 (2016) · Institutional Repository of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) · doi:10.3969/j.issn · Cited by 562 · see citing works
Janssens, S., & Beyaert, R. (2003) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00053-4 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Honda, K., Yanai, H., Mizutani, T., Negishi, H., Shimada, N., Suzuki, N., Ohba, Y., Takaoka, A., Yeh, W., & Taniguchi, T. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0406933101 · Cited by 526 · see citing works
Vollmer, J., Tluk, S., Schmitz, C., Hamm, S., Jurk, M., Forsbach, A., Akira, S., Kelly, K. M., Reeves, W. H., Bauer, S., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20051696 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Mansell, A. S., Smith, R., Doyle, S., Gray, P., Fenner, J. E., Crack, P. J., Nicholson, S. E., Hilton, D. J., O'Neill, L. A. J., & Hertzog, P. J. (2006) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1299 · Cited by 513 · see citing works
Hemagglutinin Protein of Wild-Type Measles Virus Activates Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling
Bieback, K., Lien, E., Klagge, I. M., Avota, E., Schneider‐Schaulies, J., Duprex, W. P., Wagner, H., Kirschning, C. J., ter Meulen, V., & Schneider‐Schaulies, S. (2002) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.76.17.8729-8736.2002 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Bowie, A., & O'Neill, L. A. J. (2000) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.67.4.508 · Cited by 495 · see citing works
Bengtsson, A. A., Sturfelt, G. K., Truedsson, L., Blomberg, J., Alm, G. V., Vallin, H., & Rönnblom, L. (2000) · Lupus · doi:10.1191/096120300674499064 · Cited by 465 · see citing works
Therapeutic Targeting of Toll-Like Receptors for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer
O'Neill, L. A. J., Bryant, C. E., & Doyle, S. (2009) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.109.001073 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Gibofsky, A. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Brentano, F., Schorr, O., Gay, R. E., Gay, S., & Kyburz, D. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21273 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Common variants at TRAF3IP2 are associated with susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis
Hüffmeier, U., Uebe, S., Ekici, A. B., Bowes, J., Giardina, E., Korendowych, E., Juneblad, K., Apel, M., McManus, R., Ho, P., et al. (2010) · Nature Genetics · doi:10.1038/ng.688 · Cited by 372 · see citing works
TLR2 and TLR4 in Autoimmune Diseases: a Comprehensive Review
Liu, Y., Yin, H., Zhao, M., & Lu, Q. (2013) · Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology · doi:10.1007/s12016-013-8402-y · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Hyaluronan blocks oligodendrocyte progenitor maturation and remyelination through TLR2
Sloane, J. A., Batt, C. E., Ma, Y. C., Harris, Z. M., Trapp, B. D., & Vartanian, T. K. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1006496107 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Ospelt, C., Brentano, F., Rengel, Y., Stańczyk, J., Kolling, C., Tak, P. P., Gay, R. E., Gay, S., & Kyburz, D. (2008) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.24140 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Roelofs, M. F., Joosten, L. A. B., Abdollahi‐Roodsaz, S., van Lieshout, A. W. T., Sprong, T., van den Hoogen, F. H. J., van den Berg, W. B., & Radstake, T. R. D. J. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21278 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Radstake, T. R. D. J., Roelofs, M. F., Bastiaansen-Jenniskens, Y. M., Oppers‐Walgreen, B., van Riel, P. L. C. M., Barrera, P., Joosten, L. A. B., & van den Berg, W. B. (2004) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.20678 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
York, M. R., Nagai, T., Mangini, A. J., Lemaire, R., van Seventer, J. M., & Lafyatis, R. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.22382 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Iredale, J. P., Benyon, R. C., Arthur, M. J., Ferris, W. F., Alcolado, R., Winwood, P. J., Clark, N., & Murphy, G. (1996) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.510240129 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Negishi, H., Fujita, Y., Yanai, H., Sakaguchi, S., Ouyang, X., Shinohara, M., Takayanagi, H., Ohba, Y., Taniguchi, T., & Honda, K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0607181103 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
Matarese, G., Carrieri, P. B., Cava, A. L., Perna, F., Sanna, V., Rosa, V. D., Aufiero, D., Fontana, S., & Zappacosta, S. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408995102 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Baker, B. S., Ovigne, J. ‐., Powles, A. V., Corcoran, S., & Fry, L. (2003) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2003.05287.x · Cited by 300 · see citing works
TRAF6, a molecular bridge spanning adaptive immunity, innate immunity and osteoimmunology
Wu, H., & Arron, J. R. (2003) · BioEssays · doi:10.1002/bies.10352 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Dolganiuc, A., Oak, S. A., Kodys, K., Golenbock, D. T., Finberg, R. W., Kurt‐Jones, E. A., & Szabó, G. (2004) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.08.067 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Expression and Regulation of Toll-Like Receptor 2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovium
Seibl, R., Birchler, T., Loeliger, S., Hossle, J. P., Gay, R. E., Saurenmann, T., Michel, B. A., Seger, R. A., Gay, S., & Lauener, R. P. (2003) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63918-1 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
SOCS1 and SOCS3 in the control of CNS immunity
Baker, B. J., Akhtar, L. N., & Benveniste, E. N. (2009) · Trends in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.it.2009.07.001 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Pierer, M., Rethage, J., Seibl, R., Lauener, R. P., Brentano, F., Wagner, U. G., Häntzschel, H., Michel, B. A., Gay, R. E., Gay, S., et al. (2004) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.2.1256 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Savarese, E., Chae, O.-W., Trowitzsch, S., Weber, G., Kastner, B., Akira, S., Wagner, H., Schmid, R. M., Bauer, S., & Krug, A. (2005) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood-2005-07-2650 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Innate and adaptive immunity and the pathophysiology of psoriasis
Gaspari, A. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.10.057 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Toll-like receptor 4 signaling in T cells promotes autoimmune inflammation
Reynolds, J., Martinez, G., Chung, Y., & Dong, C. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.1120585109 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Toll-like receptor and antiphospholipid mediated thrombosis: in vivo studies
Pierangeli, S. S., Vega-Ostertag, M. E., Raschi, E., Liu, X., Romay‐Penabad, Z., Micheli, V. D., Galli, M., Moia, M., Tincani, A., Borghi, M. O., et al. (2007) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.065037 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Jin, J., Peng, X., Ramgolam, V. S., & Markovic‐Plese, S. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.180.10.6988 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Spachidou, M. P., Bourazopoulou, E., Maratheftis, C. I., Kapsogeorgou, E., Moutsopoulos, H. Μ., Tzioufas, A. G., & Manoussakis, M. N. (2007) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03311.x · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Sacre, S. M., Andreakos, E., Kiriakidis, S., Amjadi, P., Lundberg, A. M., Giddins, G. E. B., Feldmann, M., Brennan, F. M., & Foxwell, B. M. J. (2007) · American Journal Of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2007.060657 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Dennehy, K. M., Willment, J. A., Williams, D. L., & Brown, G. D. (2009) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200838543 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
TGF-α Regulates TLR Expression and Function on Epidermal Keratinocytes
Miller, L. S., Sørensen, O. E., Liu, P. T., Jalian, H. R., Eshtiaghpour, D., Behmanesh, B. E., Chung, W., Starner, T. D., Kim, J. J., Sieling, P. A., et al. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.10.6137 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Innate Immune-Related Receptors in Normal and Psoriatic Skin
Curry, J. L., Qin, J., Bonish, B. K., Carrick, R. P., Bacon, P. E., Panella, J. R., Robinson, J. K., & Nickoloff, B. J. (2003) · Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.5858/2003-127-178-iirrin · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Lee, A., Qiao, Y., Grigoriev, G., Chen, J., Park‐Min, K., Park, S. H., Ivashkiv, L. B., & Kalliolias, G. D. (2013) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.37853 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Self-citationReading the viral signature by Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors
Mogensen, T. H., & Paludan, S. R. (2005) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-004-0620-6 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Federici, M., Giustizieri, M. L., Scarponi, C., Girolomoni, G., & Albanesi, C. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.1.434 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Zilahi, E., Tarr, T., Papp, G., Griger, Z., Sipka, S., & Zeher, M. (2011) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2011.09.006 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationSanjuán, M. A. F., Rao, N. L., Lai, K.-T. A., Gu, Y., Sun, S., Fuchs, A. G., Fung‐Leung, W., Colonna, M., & Karlsson, L. (2006) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200508058 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Bégon, E., Michel, L., Flageul, B., Beaudoin, I., Jean‐Louis, F., Bachelez, H., Dubertret, L., & Musette, P. (2007) · PubMed · doi:10.1684/ejd.2007.0264 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Kwok, S., Cho, M., Her, Y., et al. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3780 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Gveric, D. O., Kaltschmidt, C., Cuzner, M. L., & Newcombe, J. (1998) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/00005072-199802000-00008 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Wang, C. M., Chang, S.-W., Wu, Y. J., Lin, J.-C., Ho, H.-H., Chou, T., Yang, B., Wu, J., & Chen, J.-Y. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep03792 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Self-citationRappersberger, K., Komar, M., Richter, L., Wolff, K. S., Ebelin, M., Scott, G., Burtin, P., Greig, G., Kehren, J., Chibout, S., et al. (2002) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.00694.x · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Initial Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: Innate Immune Response
Hernández‐Pedro, N., Espinosa-Ramírez, G., de la Cruz, V. P., Pineda, B., & Sotelo, J. (2013) · Clinical and Developmental Immunology · doi:10.1155/2013/413465 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Roelofs, M. F., Wenink, M. H., Brentano, F., et al. (2008) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2007.086421 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Farina, A., Cirone, M., York, M. R., Lenna, S., Padilla, C. M., McLaughlin, S. R., Faggioni, A., Lafyatis, R., Trojanowska, M. E., & Farina, G. A. (2013) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2013.423 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Litjens, N. H. R., Rademaker, M., Ravensbergen, B., et al. (2004) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.200324174 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Inhibitors of TLR8 Reduce TNF Production from Human Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane Cultures
Sacre, S. M., Lo, A., Gregory, B., Simmonds, R. E., Williams, L. M., Feldmann, M., Brennan, F. M., & Foxwell, B. M. J. (2008) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.181.11.8002 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Toll-like receptors: Applications to dermatologic disease
Kang, S. S. W., Kauls, L. S., & Gaspari, A. A. (2006) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2005.05.004 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
The expression of SOCS is altered in rheumatoid arthritis
Isomäki, P., Alanärä, T., Isohanni, P., Lagerstedt, A., Korpela, M. M., Moilanen, T. P. S., Visakorpi, T., & Silvennoinen, O. (2007) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kem198 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lyn‐Cook, B. D., Xie, C., Oates, J. R., Treadwell, E. L., Word, B. R., Hammons, G., & Wiley, K. L. (2014) · Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.05.001 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Broen, J. C. A., Bossini‐Castillo, L., van Bon, L., Vonk, M. C., Knaapen, H., Beretta, L., Rueda‐Medina, B., Hesselstrand, R., Herrick, A. L., Worthington, J., et al. (2011) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.33325 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Anti-apoptotic effects of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and 1 in psoriasis
Madonna, S., Scarponi, C., Pallotta, S., et al. (2012) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.69 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Kawakami, A., Nakashima, K., Tamai, M., et al. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Modulation of Life and Death by the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor-Associated Factors (TRAFs)
Lee, N.-K., & Lee, S. Y. (2002) · BMB Reports · doi:10.5483/bmbrep.2002.35.1.061 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Castiblanco, J., Varela, D. C., Castaño‐Rodríguez, N., Rojas‐Villarraga, A., Zapata, M. E. H., & Anaya, J. (2008) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2008.03.001 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Role of infectious agents in systemic rheumatic diseases.
Amital, H., Govoni, M., Maya, R., Meroni, P. L., Ori, B., Shoenfeld, Y., Tincani, A., Trotta, F., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., & Atzeni, F. (2008) · PubMed · Cited by 88 · see citing works
van Bon, L., Cossu, M., Loof, A., et al. (2014) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205013 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Frisullo, G., Massimiliano Mirabella, A., Angelucci, F., Caggiula, M., Roberta Morosetti, A., Sancricca, C., Patanella, A. K., Nociti, V., Iorio, R., Bianco, A. D., et al. (2007) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2007.08.008 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
TNF signaling: early events and phosphorylation.
Ihnatko, R., & Kubes, M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Christophi, G. P., Panos, M., Hudson, C. A., Christophi, R. L., Gruber, R. C., Mersich, A. T., Blystone, S. D., Jubelt, B., & Massa, P. T. (2009) · Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1038/labinvest.2009.32 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Regulation of remyelination in multiple sclerosis
Hanafy, K. A., & Sloane, J. A. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.03.048 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Fineschi, S., Goffin, L., Rezzonico, R., Cozzi, F., Dayer, J., Meroni, P. L., & Chizzolini, C. (2008) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.24049 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Antimalarials in rheumatology: Efficacy and safety
Maksymowych, W. P., & RUSSELL, A. S. (1987) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/0049-0172(87)90023-0 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Expression of Toll-like receptors 7, 8, and 9 in primary Sjögren's syndrome
Zheng, L., Zhang, Z., Yu, C., & Yang, C. (2010) · Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontology · doi:10.1016/j.tripleo.2010.01.006 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Seung, N. R., Park, E. J., Kim, C. W., et al. (2007) · Journal of Cutaneous Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0560.2007.00756.x · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Ciechomska, M., Huigens, C. A., Hügle, T., Stanly, T. A., Geßner, A., Griffiths, B., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Hambleton, S., O’Reilly, S., & van Laar, J. M. (2012) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-201958 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Expression of Toll-like Receptors and Their Signaling Pathways in Rheumatoid Synovitis
Tamaki, Y., Takakubo, Y., Hirayama, T., Konttinen, Y. T., Goodman, S. B., Yamakawa, M., & Takagi, M. (2011) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.100732 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Molecular Basis for the Unique Specificity of TRAF6
Chung, J. Y., Lu, M., Yin, Q., Lin, S., & Wu, H. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70630-6_10 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Serum tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases in patients with systemic sclerosis
Kikuchi, K., Kubo, M., Sato, S., et al. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/0190-9622(95)90289-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Decreased IL-10 production mediated by Toll-like receptor 9 in B cells in multiple sclerosis.
Hirotani, M., Niino, M., Fukazawa, T., Kikuchi, S., Yabe, I., Hamada, S., Tajima, Y., & Sasaki, H. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.02.012 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma): An integrated challenge in rehabilitation
Casale, R., Buonocore, M., & Matucci-Cerinic, M. (1997) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90087-3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 Inhibits Cytokine Induction of CD40 Expression in Macrophages
Wesemann, D. R., Dong, Y., O'Keefe, G. M., Nguyen, V. T., & Benveniste, E. N. (2002) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.169.5.2354 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Youn, J. (2002) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00079-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Laska, M. J., Troldborg, A., Hansen, B. D., et al. (2013) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket316 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
A cytokine gene screen uncovers SOCS1 as genetic risk factor for multiple sclerosis
Vandenbroeck, K., Álvarez, J., Swaminathan, B., Alloza, I., Matesanz, F., Urcelay, E., Comabella, M., Alcina, A., Fedetz, M., Ortiz, M. A., et al. (2011) · Genes and Immunity · doi:10.1038/gene.2011.44 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Etem, E. Ö., Elyas, H., Özgöçmen, S., et al. (2010) · Rheumatology International · doi:10.1007/s00296-010-1472-8 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Heart rate variability and cardiac autonomic function in systemic lupus erythematosus
Laganà, B., Tubani, L., Maffeo, N., et al. (1996) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/096120339600500110 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Investigation of association between the TRAF family genes and RA susceptibility
Potter, C., Eyre, S., Cope, A. P., et al. (2007) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/ard.2006.065706 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
MicroRNA-mediated mechanism of vitamin D regulation of innate immune response
Li, Y. C., Chen, Y., Liu, W., & Thadhani, R. (2013) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.014 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Zhu, Q., Meng, F., et al. (2013) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.08.051 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Kim, K., Cho, M., Oh, H.-J., et al. (2009) · Immunology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2009.02.006 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Szántó, A., Szodoray, P., Kiss, E. V., et al. (2006) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2006.06.006 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationSha, Y., & Markovic‐Plese, S. (2011) · Self/Nonself · doi:10.4161/self.2.1.15639 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Rizzo, R., Gentili, V., Casetta, I., Caselli, E., Gennaro, R. D., Granieri, E., Cassai, E., Luca, D. D., & Rotola, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2012.07.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Jaen, O., Petit, É., Kirsten, H., Ahnert, P., Semerano, L., Pierlot, C., Cornélis, F., Boissier, M., & Falgarone, G. (2009) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar2589 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
van Lieshout, A. W. T., Vonk, M. C., Bredie, S. J. H., Joosten, L., Netea, M. G., van Riel, P. L. C. M., Lafyatis, R., van den Hoogen, F. H. J., & Radstake, T. R. D. J. (2009) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009740802572467 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Toll‐like receptors in rheumatic diseases: Are we paying a high price for our defense against bugs?
Santegoets, K. C. M., van Bon, L., van den Berg, W. B., Wenink, M. H., & Radstake, T. R. D. J. (2011) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.028 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Deficient SOCS3 and SHP-1 Expression in Psoriatic T Cells
Eriksen, K. W., Woetmann, A., Skov, L., Krejsgaard, T., Bovin, L. F., Hansen, M. L., Grønbæk, K., Billestrup, N., Nissen, M. H., Geisler, C., et al. (2010) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1038/jid.2010.6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Raghav, S. K., Gupta, B., Agrawal, C., et al. (2006) · Mediators of Inflammation · doi:10.1155/mi/2006/12682 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Zhu, L.-J., Yang, X., Chen, W., et al. (2007) · Clinical Rheumatology · doi:10.1007/s10067-006-0531-8 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Szodoray, P., Gál, I., Baráth, S., Aleksza, M., Horváth, I. F., Gergely, P., Szegedi, G., Nakken, B., & Zeher, M. (2008) · Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.1080/03009740801910361 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of TLR9 gene polymorphisms with lupus nephritis in a Chinese Han population.
Zhou, S., Lv, J., Cheng, W., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Tsao, J., Kuo, C., & Lin, S. (2008) · Clinical and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10238-008-0006-0 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Coenen, M. J. H., Enevold, C., Barrera, P., Schijvenaars, M. M. V. A. P., Toonen, E. J. M., Scheffer, H., Padyukov, L., Kastbom, A., Klareskog, L., Barton, A. C., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0014326 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Torque teno virus (TTV) in multiple sclerosis patients with different patterns of disease
Mancuso, R., Saresella, M., Hernis, A., Agostini, S., Piancone, F., Caputo, D., Maggi, F., & Clerici, M. (2013) · Journal of Medical Virology · doi:10.1002/jmv.23707 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Kostjuk, S., Loseva, P., Chvartatskaya, O., et al. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2012.690028 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Jung, S. M., Lee, J. H., Lee, J., et al. (2012) · Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases · doi:10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.214 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
IFN ‐β therapy modulates B ‐cell and monocyte crosstalk via TLR 7 in multiple sclerosis patients
Giacomini, E., Severa, M., Rizzo, F., et al. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201243212 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Enevold, C., Radstake, T. R. D. J., Coenen, M. J. H., et al. (2010) · The Journal of Rheumatology · doi:10.3899/jrheum.090775 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sedeño-Monge, V., Arcega-Revilla, R., Rojas-Morales, E., Santos‐López, G., Pérez-García, J. C., Sosa-Jurado, F., Vallejo‐Ruiz, V., Solis-Morales, C. L., Aguilar-Rosas, S., & Reyes‐Leyva, J. (2014) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.05.013 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Interferon-beta inhibits Th17 cell differentiation in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Ramgolam, V., & Markovic-Plese, S. (2010) · Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187153010791213029 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Li, J., Zhao, S., Yi, M., et al. (2011) · PubMed · doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-7347.2011.02.003 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Montagnana, M., Volpe, A., Lippi, G., Caramaschi, P., Salvagno, G. L., Biasi, D., Bambara, L. M., & Guidi, G. C. (2007) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.03.023 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Decreased MMP-9 activity in the serum of patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis
Kikuchi, K., Kubo, M., Hoashi, T., et al. (2002) · Clinical and Experimental Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2230.2002.01011.x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Böhm, B. B., Burkhardt, H., Uebe, S., Apel, M., Behrens, F., Reis, A., & Hüffmeier, U. (2012) · Arthritis Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/ar3807 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Weber, M. S., & Zamvil, S. S. (2007) · Current topics in microbiology and immunology · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73677-6_12 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Association study of IRAK-M and SIGIRR genes with SLE in a large European-descent population
Sánchez, E., García-Bermúdez, M., Jiménez-Alonso, J. F., et al. (2012) · Lupus · doi:10.1177/0961203312449494 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Therapeutic hope for psoriasis offered by SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling) mimetic peptide
Kubo, M. (2013) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201343748 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Clinical aspects and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus
Rothfield, N. F. (1989) · Current Opinion in Rheumatology · doi:10.1097/00002281-198901030-00014 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Chronic Stress and Autoimmunity: The Role of HPA Axis and Cortisol Dysregulation
Nunez, S. G., Rabelo, S. P., Subotic, N., Caruso, J. W., & Knezevic, N. N. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26209994 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“Autoimmune diseases constitute a group of systemic inflammatory conditions marked by immune system dysfunction that ultimately leads to the loss of tolerance toward the body’s own antigens [1].”
- Authors
- Chen, J.-Q., Szodoray, P., & Zeher, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Debrecen (HU)
- Corresponding author
- Zeher, Margit
- Venue
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
- Published
- 2015-02-17
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-17
- ISSN
- 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
- 1559-0267
- OpenAlex
- W2075494813
- Cited by
- 315
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- link.springer.com
- Licence
- other-oa
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- European Commission
- Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
- China Scholarship Council
- European Social Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Keywords
- Toll-like receptors, autoimmune disease, pattern recognition receptors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLR signaling pathways, IRAK, TRAF, suppressor of cytokine signaling, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory cytokines
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Carrier Proteins, Multigene Family, Humans, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Toll-Like Receptors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review