Cited by 315Immune Response and InflammationSystemic Lupus Erythematosus ResearchInflammasome and immune disorders

Toll-Like Receptor Pathways in Autoimmune Diseases

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Chen, Ji-Qing, Szodoray, Peter, Zeher, Margit·2016·Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology

Abstract

Autoimmune diseases are a family of chronic systemic inflammatory disorders, characterized by the dysregulation of the immune system which finally results in the break of tolerance to self-antigen. Several studies suggest that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an essential role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. TLRs belong to the family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize a wide range of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLRs are type I transmembrane proteins and located on various cellular membranes. Two main groups have been classified based on their location; the extracelluar group referred to the ones located on the plasma membrane while the intracellular group all located in endosomal compartments responsible for the recognition of nucleic acids. They are released by the host cells and trigger various intracellular pathways which results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, as well as the expression of co-stimulatory molecules to protect against invading microorganisms. In particular, TLR pathway-associated proteins, such as IRAK, TRAF, and SOCS, are often dysregulated in this group of diseases. TLR-associated gene expression profile analysis together with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assessment could be important to explain the pathomechanism driving autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize recent findings on TLR pathway regulation in various autoimmune diseases, including Sjögren's syndrome (SS), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and psoriasis.

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  • Autoimmune diseases are systemic inflammatory conditions marked by immune system dysfunction that ultimately leads to loss of tolerance toward the body's own antigens.

    “Autoimmune diseases constitute a group of systemic inflammatory conditions marked by immune system dysfunction that ultimately leads to the loss of tolerance toward the body’s own antigens [1].”

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Authors
Chen, J.-Q., Szodoray, P., & Zeher, M.
Affiliations
University of Debrecen (HU)
Corresponding author
Zeher, Margit
Venue
Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
Published
2015-02-17
Volume
50
Issue
1
Pages
1-17
ISSN
  • 1080-0549 (ISSN-L)
  • 1559-0267
OpenAlex
W2075494813
Cited by
315
References
156
Citations by year
2026: 11 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 53 · 2022: 44 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 7
FWCI
1.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • University of Debrecen Electronic Archive (University of Debrecen) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • European Commission
  • Hungarian Scientific Research Fund
  • China Scholarship Council
  • European Social Fund
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords
Toll-like receptors, autoimmune disease, pattern recognition receptors, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, TLR signaling pathways, IRAK, TRAF, suppressor of cytokine signaling, single nucleotide polymorphisms, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory cytokines
MeSH terms
Animals, Autoimmune Diseases, Carrier Proteins, Multigene Family, Humans, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Toll-Like Receptors

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