Cited by 341Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

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Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Thapa, Komal, Khan, Heena, Singh, Thakur Gurjeet, Kaur, Amarjot·2021·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience

DOI 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7

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Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes brain damage, which involves primary and secondary injury mechanisms. Primary injury causes local brain damage, while secondary damage begins with inflammatory activity followed by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), peripheral blood cells infiltration, brain edema, and the discharge of numerous immune mediators including chemotactic factors and interleukins. TBI alters molecular signaling, cell structures, and functions. Besides tissue damage such as axonal damage, contusions, and hemorrhage, TBI in general interrupts brain physiology including cognition, decision-making, memory, attention, and speech capability. Regardless of the deep understanding of the pathophysiology of TBI, the underlying mechanisms still need to be assessed with a desired therapeutic agent to control the consequences of TBI. The current review gives a brief outline of the pathophysiological mechanism of TBI and various biochemical pathways involved in brain injury, pharmacological treatment approaches, and novel targets for therapy.

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Authors: Thapa, K., Khan, H., Singh, T. G., & Kaur, A.
Affiliations: Chitkara University (IN)
Corresponding author: Singh, Thakur Gurjeet
ORCID: Thapa, Komal
Khan, Heena
Singh, Thakur Gurjeet
Venue: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-05-06
Volume: 71
Issue: 9
Pages: 1725-1742
ISSN: 0895-8696 (ISSN-L)
1559-1166
DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01841-7
OpenAlex: W3158138032
Cited by: 341
References: 171
Citations by year: 2026: 55 · 2025: 88 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 9
FWCI: 6.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
www.springer.com/tdm (vor)
Locations: Journal of Molecular Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords: traumatic brain injury, primary injury, secondary injury, neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier disruption, cerebral edema, axonal injury, hemorrhagic contusion, cognitive impairment, therapeutic target, pharmacotherapy
MeSH terms: Brain Injuries, Traumatic, Animals, Humans, Signal Transduction, NF-kappa B, Oxidative Stress, Neuroprotective Agents

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Traumatic Brain Injury: Mechanistic Insight on Pathophysiology and Potential Therapeutic Targets

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