India's Color Complex: One Day's Worth of Matrimonials
Abstract
Lighter skin complexions may function as a form of capital, particularly for women, in marriage markets. The existence of a preference for light skin for marital partners is an index of the presence of colorism or color bias in a given society. This paper reports on a detailed examination of marital advertisements that appeared in India's Sunday Times on a single day in March 2013. It asks how often skin shade is mentioned in the advertisements placed among those seeking grooms and those seeking brides, how those mentions are distributed by the reported age of the prospective marital partner, and the type of language used to describe the individual's complexion. The study finds that skin shade is described far more often in advertisements placed by prospective brides or their families than prospective grooms or their families, and, whenever complexion is mentioned, the possession of lighter skin shades.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Women of East Indian descent prefer men of a lighter complexion.
“In the case of men of East Indian decent, a recent study found that women of East Indian descent prefer men of a lighter complexion.10”
Cites
The Journal of Pan African Studies
(2014) · African Studies Companion Online · doi:10.1163/1872-9037_afco_asc_3171 · Cited by 1,426 · see citing works
Cox, O. C. (1948) · Phylon (1940-1956) · doi:10.2307/272191 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
Perspectives on Racial Phenotypicality Bias
Maddox, K. B. (2004) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0804_4 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
“If You're Light You're Alright”: Light Skin Color as Social Capital for Women of Color
HUNTER, M. L. (2002) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/08912430222104895 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Critical Race Theories, Colorism, and the Decade's Research on Families of Color
Burton, L. M., Bonilla‐Silva, E., Ray, V. E., Buckelew, R. M., & Freeman, E. H. (2010) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00712.x · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Yearning for lightness: transnational circuits in the marketing and consumption of skin lighteners
Glenn, E. N. (2008) · Gender & Society · doi:10.1177/0891243208316089 · Cited by 354 · see citing works
Shades of difference : why skin color matters
Glenn, E. N. (2009) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Buying Racial Capital: Skin-Bleaching and Cosmetic Surgery in a Globalized World
Hunter, M. (2011) · Scholar Commons (Santa Clara University) · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Jha, S., & Adelman, M. (2009) · Studies in South Asian Film & Media · doi:10.1386/safm.1.1.65_1 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Shedding “light” on marriage: The influence of skin shade on marriage for black females
Hamilton, D., Goldsmith, A. H., & Darity, W. A. J. (2009) · Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization · doi:10.1016/j.jebo.2009.05.024 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationDowry, bride-burning, and female power in India
Stone, L., & James, C. (1995) · Women s Studies International Forum · doi:10.1016/0277-5395(95)80049-u · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Hunter, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-4608-4_16 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Russell, K. (1992) · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Colorism: Ubiquitous Yet Understudied
Marira, T. D., & Mitra, P. (2013) · Industrial and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1111/iops.12018 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Gender stereotypes and normative heterosexuality in matrimonial ads from globalizing India
Ramasubramanian, S., & Jain, P. (2009) · Asian Journal of Communication · doi:10.1080/01292980903072831 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
From Color Line to Color Chart: Racism and Colorism in the New Century
Harris, A. P. (2008) · Berkeley Journal of African-American Law & Policy · doi:10.15779/z380c9x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Shrestha, S. (2013) · Social Identities · doi:10.1080/13504630.2012.753347 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Harper, K., & Choma, B. L. (2019) · Sex Roles · doi:10.1007/s11199-018-0966-9 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Mohammed, T., Mohammed, E., & Bascombe, S. (2017) · Journal of Public Health Research · doi:10.4081/jphr.2017.1097 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Bettache, K. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620904740 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The Unfair Selection: A Study on Skin-Color Bias in Arranged Indian Marriages
Nagar, I. (2018) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244018773149 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Wong, J. P., Macpherson, F., Vahabi, M., & Li, A. (2017) · The Canadian Journal of Human Sexuality · doi:10.3138/cjhs.261-c1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Hall, R. E., & Mishra, N. (2021) · Contemporary Voice of Dalit · doi:10.1177/2455328x211032435 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Remarriage in India: Online Presentation Strategies of Men and Women on an Indian Remarriage Website
Mishra, S., & Jayakar, K. (2019) · Indian Journal of Gender Studies · doi:10.1177/0971521519861159 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Akram, H. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/omkvsw.3 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ghoshal, T., & Gill, T. (2025) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/00222437251409096 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Assessing Stereotypes Related to Skin Tone
Bansal, S., Kaushik, S., Chopra, M., Bhatia, H., & Rana, S. (2018) · International Journal of Indian Psychology · doi:10.25215/0603.012 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Majumdar, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-05640-6_18 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Navigating Cultural Differences
Jamison, N., & Kirova, A. (2024) · doi:10.1093/9780191982651.003.0008 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Campbell, M. E. (2020) · Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x20000193
Bolton, P. (2021) · Sustainable development goals series · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1174-2_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Akram, H. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/omkvsw
Akram, H. (2025) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/omkvsw.2
Hall, R. E. (2025) · Journal of Social Work and Social Welfare Policy · doi:10.33790/jswwp1100161
Caste, Color, Culture, and Gender in Upper Caste South Asian Population
Verdia, S., & Poyrazlı, Ş. (2025) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/00220221251407214
Gupta, A., Chamoli, T., & Garg, S. (2026) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.102407
Impact of Colorism on Women: A Study of Shweta Aggarwal’s The Black Rose
Gupta, E., & Padhan, B. (2026) · International Journal of Education Modern Management Applied Science & Social Science · doi:10.62823/ijemmasss/8.1(i).8671
Brothers, dowry, and spousal quality
Ahsan, M. N., & Jain, U. (2026) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-026-01164-0
Assessing the Colonial Project: The Influence of Colorism in India
Henry, J., Ghoshal, T., & Bradford, T. W. (2026) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/07439156261435449
Indraja, G., & Anand, N. (2026) · Australian Feminist Studies · doi:10.1080/08164649.2026.2704560
- Authors
- Utley, T. J., & Darity, W.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Darity, William
- ORCID
- Darity, William
- Venue
- The Review of Black Political Economy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-01
- Volume
- 43
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 129-138
- ISSN
- 0034-6446 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-4814
- OpenAlex
- W2339345950
- Cited by
- 25
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2
- FWCI
- 5.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Review of Black Political Economy (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › South Asian Studies and Diaspora
- Keywords
- colorism, skin color, marriage market, matrimonial advertisements, gender and marriage, India
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review