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Cited by 178Climate Change Communication and PerceptionCOVID-19 and Mental HealthClimate Change and Health Impacts

An investigation into the relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among Gen Z Filipinos

Open access
Reyes, Marc Eric S., Carmen, Bianca Patricia B., Luminarias, Moses Emmanuel P., Mangulabnan, Soleil Anne Nichole B., Ogunbode, Charles A.·2023·Current Psychology
DOI 10.1007/s12144-021-02099-3PMC PMC8280276
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Abstract

This predictive cross-sectional study investigated the link between climate change anxiety and mental health among 433 Filipinos.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s12144-021-02099-3

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

1 of 13 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured

  • Findingown data

    Among the Gen Z Filipino participants, greater climate change anxiety was a significant predictor of poorer mental health.

    “Hence, we accepted our hypothesis that higher climate change anxiety predicts significantly lower mental health among our Gen Z Filipino participants.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The COVID-19 pandemic context did not substantially confound the observed relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health.
  • Findingown data

    After controlling for age, sex, and severe calamities experienced, climate change anxiety accounted for 13.5% of the variance in the Mental Health Index (r2 = .135).

    “With the value of r2 = .135 of the MHI-Index, our result indicated that 13.5% of the mental health index variance could be explained by an individual’s level of climate change anxiety.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the same sample, climate change anxiety showed no correlation with the MHI-38 Psychological Wellbeing global scale (r = −.05, p = .140).

    “we also found that climate change anxiety has a significant positive correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Distress (r = .39, p < .001), but no correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Wellbeing (r = −.05, p = .140).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the same sample, climate change anxiety showed a significant positive correlation with the MHI-38 Psychological Distress global scale (r = .39, p < .001).

    “we also found that climate change anxiety has a significant positive correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Distress (r = .39, p < .001), but no correlation with the MHI-38 global scale of Psychological Wellbeing (r = −.05, p = .140).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • Findingown data

    In the sample of 433 Gen Z Filipinos, higher scores on the Climate Change Anxiety Scale were associated with lower scores on the Mental Health Inventory (r = −.37, p < .001).

    “the correlational analysis showed that climate change anxiety and mental health are significantly negatively correlated at the .001 level (r = −.37, p < .001).”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
  • May combine two claims. 5
  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 10

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Religious coping is linked to better adjustment and is not a sign of psychological distress.

    “This statement is consistent with Talik's (2013) report, where it was found that religious coping is associated with better adjustment and does not indicate psychological distress.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Talik's (2013) source

      The Introduction (page not provided) says positive religious coping is related to better functioning and correlates negatively with indicators of psychological distress. But it also says negative religious coping is associated with poorer adjustment and can be associated with greater distress. The claim omits this distinction and overgeneralizes to religious coping as a whole. (LLM, conf=0.88)

      Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Filipinos adopt mitigation measures that protect lives, livelihoods, and valued household assets.

    “Lastly, it was concluded that Filipinos also use mitigating measures which save lives, livelihood, and household assets they find significant.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Baticula et al., 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    From 487 recruited Gen Z Filipinos, 54 incomplete responses were excluded, leaving 433 participants for analysis.

    “A total of 487 Gen Z Filipinos were gathered, after which data were reviewed, and incomplete responses were excluded (n = 54); the final 433 data were then scored and statistically analyzed using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductnone given

    The UST College of Science Ethics Review Committee approved the study.

    “Ethical approval for this study was granted by the UST College of Science Ethics Review Committee.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Digital CBT for insomnia has demonstrated significant effectiveness in treating insomnia.

    “In the meta-analysis of Soh et al. (2020), digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has shown significant efficacy in treating insomnia.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Soh et al. (2020) source

  • May combine two claims.

    Interpretationown data

    The link between climate change anxiety and mental health in this Gen Z Filipino sample was statistically significant but weak in magnitude.

    “The results indicate a significant but weak negative relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health among the Gen Z Filipino participants”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • Rests on an assumption: The convenience sample of 433 online Gen Z Filipinos is representative of the broader Gen Z Filipino population.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductreasoning

    The order in which participants completed the two scales was randomized to prevent systematic order effects.

    “Participants voluntarily completed the two scales in randomized order (MHI-CCAS or CCAS-MHI) to control possible systematic order effects.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Filipinos manage the aftermath of environmental disasters through preventive actions, social support, and faith.

    “With that said, Baticula et al. (2014) reported that Filipinos cope with the effects of environmental disasters using preventive measures, receiving social support, and turning to faith.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Baticula et al. (2014)

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    In this study, the MHI-38 had Cronbach's alpha values of .92 for Psychological Wellbeing, .87 for Psychological Distress, and .78 for the MHI-Index.

    “The MHI-38 in the present study obtained the following Cronbach’s alphas: Psychological Wellbeing (.92), Psychological Distress (.87), MHI-Index (.78).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Study design and conductown data

    All participants provided informed consent.

    “All the participants completed the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (Clayton & Karazsia, 2020) and the Mental Health Inventory (Veit & Ware, 1983) after giving their informed consent.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Study design and conductown data

    In this study, the CCAS had Cronbach's alpha values of .90 for the overall scale, .86 for Cognitive-Emotional Impairment, and .83 for Functional Impairment.

    “In the present study, the overall CCAS score and the Cognitive-Emotional Impairment and Functional Impairment subscale scores obtained Cronbach’s alpha reliabilities of .90, .86, and .83.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationnone given

    Climate change anxiety can enable people to adapt and prepare for future events.

    “On a positive note, climate change anxiety allows people to adapt and prepare for future events.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Religious coping is widely used by Filipinos and is said to foster growth and a sense of significance during stress.

    “Hence, Filipinos highly use religious coping as this generates growth and encourages feelings of significance amidst stressful situations (as cited in Baticula et al., 2014).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites as cited in Baticula et al., 2014

      Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Study design and conductown data

    The regression analysis adjusted for age, sex, and experience of severe calamities.

    “The data was subjected further to regression analysis while controlling the variables: age, sex, and severe calamities experienced to determine whether climate change anxiety can predict mental health.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy has been shown to work for people with psychiatric, mental health, and medical conditions.

    “Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy has demonstrated effectiveness in treating people with psychiatric and mental health disorders and people with medical conditions.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Zhang & Ho, 2017 source
15 of 15

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The convenience sample of 433 online Gen Z Filipinos is representative of the broader Gen Z Filipino population.

    “The convenience sampling technique was used to gather Gen Z Filipinos residing in the Philippines who voluntarily participated online with no remuneration.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    The COVID-19 pandemic context did not substantially confound the observed relationship between climate change anxiety and mental health.

    “It is important to note that this study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Filipino culture is collectivist.

    “The Philippines is known to have a collectivist culture.”
3 of 3

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

1 of the 68 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. American Psychological Association. (2018). Stress in America Generation Z. Retrieved March 16, 2020, from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2018/stress-gen-z.pdf.
  2. Belli, G. (2008). Nonexperimental quantitative research. Lapan, 1, 59–77.
  3. Chukwuorji, J. C., Iorfa, S. K., Nzeadibe, T. C., & Ifeagwazi, C. M. (2017). Role of climate change awareness and pro-environmental behaviour in subjective wellbeing. Nigerian Journal of Social Sciences, 13(1), 39-48.
  4. Routledge, C., & Vess, M. (2019). Chapter 13 - terror management theory: A theory of psychological wellbeing. Handbook of Terror Management Theory (1st ed.) Academic Press.
  5. Sapir, D. (2018). 2018 review of disaster events: Supplementary information. Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Retrieved April 4, 2020, from https://www.cred.be/2018-review-disaster-events

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Related

Authors
Reyes, M. E. S., Carmen, B. P. B., Luminarias, M. E. P., Mangulabnan, S. A. N. B., & Ogunbode, C. A.
Affiliations
  • University of Santo Tomas (PH)
  • University of Nottingham (GB)
Corresponding author
Reyes, Marc Eric S.
ORCID
Venue
Current Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2021-07-15
Volume
42
Issue
9
Pages
7448-7456
ISSN
  • 1046-1310 (ISSN-L)
  • 1936-4733
DOI
10.1007/s12144-021-02099-3
PMC
PMC8280276
OpenAlex
W3177597289
Cited by
178
References
68
Citations by year
2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 2
FWCI
41.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Current Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Repository@Nottingham (University of Nottingham) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Climate Change Communication and Perception
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Climate Change and Health Impacts
Keywords
climate anxiety, mental health, Generation Z, psychological distress, psychological well-being, climate change impacts, Filipino youth

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