A confirmatory factor analysis of facets of psychological flexibility in a sample of people seeking treatment for chronic pain
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence supports the validity of individual components of the psychological flexibility model in the context of chronic pain. However, there is a need to test the inter-relationships amongst measures of individual components of psychological flexibility in a more integrative manner. In particular, research is needed to examine whether a model with discrete facets as proposed is indeed reflected in data from currently used assessment measures in people with chronic pain. PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study investigated the underlying structure of measures of processes of psychological flexibility amongst individuals with chronic pain and the associations between this measurement model and patient functioning. METHODS: Five-hundred and seventy-three adults with chronic pain completed measures of pain, physical and social functioning, mental health, depression and processes of psychological flexibility, including acceptance, cognitive defusion, decentering and committed action. Confirmatory factor analyses tested lower-order, higher-order and bifactor models to examine the structure of psychological flexibility process measures. RESULTS: A single general factor reflecting openness explained variability in items across all of the psychological flexibility process measures. In addition to this general factor, distinct decentering and committed action group factors emerged in the data. As expected, the general factor was strongly correlated with measures of social functioning, mental health and depression. CONCLUSIONS: Future research is needed to determine the most useful means by which the presence of the general factor can be reflected in the measurement and theory of psychological flexibility.
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'Openness', reflecting acceptance, has been identified as a general factor underlying several PF processes.
“In particular, ‘openness’, reflecting acceptance, has been identified as a general factor underlying several PF processes.52”
From Preliminary investigation of the associations between psychological flexibility, symptoms and daily functioning in people with chronic abdominal pain (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
Methodological quality of studies evaluating the AAQ-II ranged from excellent to poor.
“Methodological quality of studies evaluating the AAQ-II ranged from excellent to poor (Bond et al., 2011; Palladino et al., 2013; Scott, McCracken, & Norton, 2016).”
From Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Scott, McCracken, & Norton, 2016
The Methods > Measures passage reports the AAQ’s internal consistency and validity, and the Results > Confirmatory Factor Analysis passage reports this study’s factor analysis. Neither assesses the methodological quality of studies evaluating the AAQ-II. Searches for the claimed excellent-to-poor quality range and for AAQ-II study quality found no passage addressing it; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Scott, W., McCracken, L. M., & Norton, S.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Corresponding author
- McCracken, Lance M.
- Venue
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-11-25
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 285-296
- ISSN
- 0742-5554 (ISSN-L)
- 0883-6612
- 1532-4796
- PMC
- PMC4823341
- OpenAlex
- W2175535294
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Annals of Behavioral Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- International Association for the Study of Pain (N/A)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- psychological flexibility, chronic pain, acceptance and commitment therapy, bifactor model, decentering, committed action, cognitive defusion, social functioning, depression, mental health, measurement structure
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Pain Measurement, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Chronic Pain, Pain Management
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