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Nutrition in the age-related disablement process
Open accessAbstract
The transition from independence to disability in older adults is characterized by detectable changes in body composition and physical function. Epidemiologic studies have shown that weight loss, reduced caloric intake and the reduced intake of specific nutrients are associated with such changes. The mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear, and different hypotheses have been suggested, including the reduction of the antioxidant effects of some nutrients. Changes in muscle mass and quality might play a central role in the pathway linking malnutrition, its biological and molecular consequences, and function. A different approach aims at assessing diets by dietary patterns, which capture intercorrelations of nutrients within a diet, rather than by selective foods or nutrients: epidemiologic evidence suggests that some types of diet, such as the Mediterranean diet, might prevent negative functional outcomes in older adults. However, despite a theoretical and empirical basis, intervention studies using nutritional supplementation have shown inconclusive results in preventing functional impairment and disability. The present work is the result of a review and consensus effort of a European task force on nutrition in the elderly, promoted by the International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics (IAGG) European Region. After the critical review of different aspects related to the role of nutrition in the transition from independence to disability, we propose future lines for research, including the determination of levels of inadequacy and target doses of supplements, the study of interactions (between nutrients within a diet and with other lifestyle aspects), and the association with functional outcomes.
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“Many healthy older adults fail to eat enough dietary protein, but the situation is worsened when they are sick or disabled.”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [68]
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“When older adults have acute or chronic diseases, their activities are more limited, they are less likely to consume adequate food, and they fall farther behind in energy and protein intake.67,68”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [68]
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“As a result, malnourished older people recover from illness more slowly, have more complications, and are more frequently admitted to hospitals for longer stays than are healthy older adults.67,68”
From Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group (2013) · cites this paper as [68]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Inzitari, M., Doets, E., Bartali, B., Benetou, V., Di Bari, M., Visser, M., Volpato, S., Gambassi, G., Topinkova, E., De Groot, L., & Salva, A.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Wageningen University & Research (NL)
- Cornell University (US)
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
- Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
- University of Ferrara (IT)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Inzitari, Marco
- Venue
- The Journal of nutrition, health and aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-10
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 599-604
- ISSN
- 1279-7707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12878855
- OpenAlex
- W2058700931
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 7.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The journal of nutrition health & aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (acceptedVersion)
- Digital Academic REpository of VU University Amsterdam (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Florence Research (University of Florence) (submittedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara) (submittedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universitat de Barcelona
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutrition and Health Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- elderly nutrition, malnutrition, weight loss, energy intake, body composition, muscle mass, physical function, dietary habits, Mediterranean diet, dietary supplementation, functional disability, antioxidant nutrients, nutrient interactions
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Aged, Aging, Energy Intake, Diet, Europe, Persons with Disabilities, Disabled Persons, Humans, Weight Loss, Dietary Supplements, Malnutrition, Sarcopenia, Elder Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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