A Clinically Relevant Diagnosis Code for “Malnutrition in Adults” Is Needed in ICD-11
Open accessAbstract
M alnutrition is a devastating condition with adverse outcomes in terms of complications, prognosis and quality of life ( 1 – 5 ). It is a complex condition with many aetiologies, that evolves separately or from the interaction between food deprivation and catabolic processes linked to disease-related inflammation.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A discussion has been opened with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) group at WHO in Geneva with the aim of modernizing the ICD codes for malnutrition through the use of common key variables that are shared across the leading approaches to malnutrition diagnosis.
“More recently, a discussion has been opened with the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) group at WHO in Geneva with the aim of modernizing the ICD codes for malnutrition through the use of common key variables that are shared across the leading approaches to malnutrition diagnosis. 61”
From GLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update (2025) · cites this paper as [61]
The “Code for ‘Malnutrition in adults’ as an amendment for ICD-11” section says that nutrition-community representatives proposed an ICD-11 amendment to WHO in late 2020. “Diagnostic criteria currently used” says leading approaches share phenotypic and etiologic criteria. The copy does not establish that a discussion had opened with WHO’s ICD group in Geneva; it documents a proposal, not a dialogue. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Malnutrition, fatigue, frailty, vulnerability, sarcopenia and cachexia: overlap of clinical features
Jeejeebhoy, K. N. (2012) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e328352694f · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- [1]Basics in Clinical Nutrition. 5th Edition. Ed. Lubos Sobotka. Galen Books 2019.
- [2]Jeejeebhoy KN Keller H Gramlich L Nutritional assessment: comparison of clinical assessment and objective variables for the prediction of length of hospital stay and readmission Am J Clin Nutr 101 5 2015 956 965 PubMed PMID: 25739926 10.3945/ajcn.114.098665 25739926 · DOI
- [4]Cederholm T Barazzoni R Austin P ESPEN Guidelines on Definitions and Terminology of Clinical Nutrition Clin Nutr 36 2017 4964 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.004 27642056 · DOI · Paper page
- [5]White JV Guenter P Jensen G Consensus statement: Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition: characteristics recommended for the identification and documentation of adult malnutrition (undernutrition) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 36 2012 275 283 PubMed PMID: 22535923 10.1177/0148607112440285 22535923 · DOI · Paper page
- [6]Cederholm T Jensen GL Correia MITD GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community Clin Nutr 1 2019 1 9 38 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.002 30181091 · DOI · Paper page
- [7]Jensen GL Cederholm T Correia MITD GLIM Criteria for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition: A Consensus Report From the Global Clinical Nutrition Community JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 43 2019 32 40 PubMed PMID: 30175461 10.1002/jpen.1440 30175461 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cederholm, T., & Bosaeus, I. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra2212159 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationGLIM consensus approach to diagnosis of malnutrition: A 5‐year update
Jensen, G. L., Cederholm, T., Correia, M. I. T. D., Gonzalez, M. C., Fukushima, R., Pisprasert, V., Blaauw, R., Braz, D. C., Carrasco, F., Cruz Jentoft, A. J., et al. (2025) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1002/jpen.2756 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Self-citationSánchez-Rodríguez, D., De Meester, D., Minon, L., Claessens, M., Gümüs, N., Lieten, S., Benoit, F., Surquin, M., & Marco, E. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20075320 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cederholm, T., Rothenberg, E., & Barazzoni, R.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Kristianstad University (SE)
- University of Trieste (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cederholm, Tommy
- Venue
- The Journal of nutrition, health and aging
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-04
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 314-315
- ISSN
- 1279-7707 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC12879074
- OpenAlex
- W4225919802
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- The journal of nutrition health & aging (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- ArTS Archivio della ricerca di Trieste (University of Trieste https://www.units.it/) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Medical Coding and Health Information
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Keywords
- malnutrition, adults, ICD-11, diagnosis codes, medical coding, disease-related malnutrition, food deprivation, catabolism
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
