The physiological effects of weight-cycling: A review of current evidence
Open accessAbstract
Purpose of review There is a common perception among the public that yo-yo dieting, defined as repeated cycles of weight loss followed by weight regain, results in accumulation of fat in the body and lower metabolic rate, thus hindering subsequent attempts to lose weight. We evaluated the effects of weight-cycling on body weight and body mass index (BMI), body composition including fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM), and resting metabolic rate (RMR), by systematically reviewing existing scientific literature.Recent findings Twenty-three cross-sectional and cohort studies (including subjects with a history of weight-cycling compared to those without such history) and interventional studies (evaluating physiological effects during one or more cycles of weight loss and regain) were identified, conducted in generally healthy adults across various age groups, races, and both genders, who had normal weight, overweight, or obesity. Eighteen studies investigated the association between weight-cycling and body weight or BMI, and thirteen of them found no significant association. Fifteen out of twenty studies also found no increase in FM, and none of eighteen studies found a decrease in LBM. Twelve out of fourteen studies reported no adverse changes in RMR either. The overwhelming majority of evidence suggests that weight-cycling (yo-yo effect) is not associated with any adverse effects in body weight, body composition, and metabolic rate. Accordingly, healthy individuals who struggle with overweight or obesity should not be discouraged from repeated attempts to lose the excess weight.
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- Authors
- Sanaya, N., Janusaite, M., Dalamaga, M., & Magkos, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Magkos, Faidon
- ORCID
- Magkos, Faidon
- Venue
- Current Obesity Reports
- Published
- 2024-01-03
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 35-50
- ISSN
- 2162-4968 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4390547017
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 9
- FWCI
- 2.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Obesity Reports (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Keywords
- weight cycling, yo-yo dieting, body composition, fat mass, lean body mass, resting metabolic rate, body mass index, obesity, overweight, weight loss interventions
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Obesity, Weight Gain, Weight Loss, Body Mass Index, Overweight
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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