Dietary Protein and Exercise Have Additive Effects on Body Composition during Weight Loss in Adult Women
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the interaction of 2 diets (high protein, reduced carbohydrates vs. low protein, high carbohydrates) with exercise on body composition and blood lipids in women (n = 48, approximately 46 y old, BMI = 33 kg/m(2)) during weight loss. The study was a 4-mo weight loss trial using a 2 x 2 block design (Diet x Exercise). Diets were equal in total energy (7.1 MJ/d) and lipids ( approximately 30% energy intake) but differed in protein content and the ratio of carbohydrate:protein at 1.6 g/(kg . d) and <1.5 (PRO group) vs. 0.8 g/(kg . d) and >3.5 (CHO group), respectively. Exercise comparisons were lifestyle activity (control) vs. a supervised exercise program (EX: 5 d/wk walking and 2 d/wk resistance training). Subjects in the PRO and PRO + EX groups lost more total weight and fat mass and tended to lose less lean mass (P = 0.10) than the CHO and CHO + EX groups. Exercise increased loss of body fat and preserved lean mass. The combined effects of diet and exercise were additive for improving body composition. Serum lipid profiles improved in all groups, but changes varied among diet treatments. Subjects in the CHO groups had larger reductions in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, whereas subjects in the PRO groups had greater reductions in triacylglycerol and maintained higher concentrations of HDL cholesterol. This study demonstrated that a diet with higher protein and reduced carbohydrates combined with exercise additively improved body composition during weight loss, whereas the effects on blood lipids differed between diet treatments.
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Increasing dietary protein can promote loss of fat mass when higher intakes of daily protein (2-3× the RDA) are combined with an exercise program and a hypoenergetic diet.
“can also promote the loss of fat mass when higher intakes of daily protein (2-3× the RDA) are combined with an exercise program and a hypoenergetic diet.”
From International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise (2017) · cites this paper as [40]
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- Authors
- Layman, D. K., Evans, E., Baum, J. I., Seyler, J., Erickson, D. J., & Boileau, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Corresponding author
- Layman, Donald K.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 135
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1903-1910
- ISSN
- 0022-3166 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2165340329
- Cited by
- 330
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 6.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Diet and metabolism studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- dietary protein, physical activity, body composition, weight loss, high-protein diet, low-carbohydrate diet, fat mass, lean body mass, serum lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, resistance training, walking, women
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Body Composition, Energy Intake, Dietary Carbohydrates, Dietary Proteins, Female, Humans, Life Style, Middle Aged, Weight Loss, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Diet, Protein-Restricted
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