50 Years of Topical Retinoids for Acne: Evolution of Treatment

Baldwin, Hilary; Webster, Guy; Stein Gold, Linda; Callender, Valerie; Cook-Bolden, Fran E.; Guenin, Eric

doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00594-8

Cited by 82Acne and Rosacea Treatments and EffectsDermatology and Skin DiseasesPsoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis

50 Years of Topical Retinoids for Acne: Evolution of Treatment

Baldwin, Hilary, Webster, Guy, Stein Gold, Linda, Callender, Valerie, Cook-Bolden, Fran E., Guenin, Eric·2021·American Journal of Clinical Dermatology

DOI 10.1007/s40257-021-00594-8

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Abstract

Since the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved tretinoin in 1971, retinoids alone or combined with other agents have become the mainstay of acne treatment. Retinoids act through binding to retinoic acid receptors, altering expression levels of hundreds of cellular proteins affecting multiple pathways involved in acne pathogenesis. Retinoids have evolved from first-generation agents, such as tretinoin, through chemical modifications resulting in a second generation (etretinate and acitretin for psoriasis), a third generation (adapalene and tazarotene) and, most recently, a fourth (trifarotene). For all topical retinoids, local irritation has been associated with poor tolerability and suboptimal adherence. Efforts to improve tolerability have utilized novel delivery systems and/or novel agents. This qualitative literature review summarizes the evolution of the four topical single-agent retinoids available for the treatment of acne in the US today and their various formulations, presenting the rationale behind their development and data from key studies.

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Additional file 1 of All-trans retinoic acid pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells enhances the therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury
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Additional file 2 of All-trans retinoic acid pretreatment of mesenchymal stem cells enhances the therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury
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Authors: Baldwin, H., Webster, G., Stein Gold, L., Callender, V., Cook-Bolden, F. E., & Guenin, E.
Affiliations: Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital (US)
Thomas Jefferson University (US)
Howard University (US)
Mount Sinai Hospital (US)
Bausch Health (United States) (US)
Corresponding author: Baldwin, Hilary
ORCID: Baldwin, Hilary
Callender, Valerie
Venue: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2021-04-19
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 315-327
ISSN: 1175-0561 (ISSN-L)
1179-1888
DOI: 10.1007/s40257-021-00594-8
OpenAlex: W3156840856
Cited by: 82
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5
FWCI: 2.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: American Journal of Clinical Dermatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Digital Howard (Howard University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Dermatology and Skin Diseases
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
Keywords: topical retinoids, acne, all-trans retinoic acid, adapalene, tazarotene, trifarotene, etretinate, acitretin, retinoic acid receptor, drug tolerability, medication adherence
MeSH terms: Acne Vulgaris, Administration, Cutaneous, Cell Movement, Dermatologic Agents, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, Leukocytes, Retinoids, Signal Transduction, Treatment Outcome, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Toll-Like Receptors

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50 Years of Topical Retinoids for Acne: Evolution of Treatment

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