The DOI matches its Crossref record; 192 of the 192 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Interference between Concurrent Resistance and Endurance Exercise: Molecular Bases and the Role of Individual Training Variables
Open accessAbstract
Concurrent training is defined as simultaneously incorporating both resistance and endurance exercise within a periodized training regime. Despite the potential additive benefits of combining these divergent exercise modes with regards to disease prevention and athletic performance, current evidence suggests that this approach may attenuate gains in muscle mass, strength, and power compared with undertaking resistance training alone. This has been variously described as the interference effect or concurrent training effect. In recent years, understanding of the molecular mechanisms mediating training adaptation in skeletal muscle has emerged and provided potential mechanistic insight into the concurrent training effect. Although it appears that various molecular signaling responses induced in skeletal muscle by endurance exercise can inhibit pathways regulating protein synthesis and stimulate protein breakdown, human studies to date have not observed such molecular 'interference' following acute concurrent exercise that might explain compromised muscle hypertrophy following concurrent training. However, given the multitude of potential concurrent training variables and the limitations of existing evidence, the potential roles of individual training variables in acute and chronic interference are not fully elucidated. The present review explores current evidence for the molecular basis of the specificity of training adaptation and the concurrent interference phenomenon. Additionally, insights provided by molecular and performance-based concurrent training studies regarding the role of individual training variables (i.e., within-session exercise order, between-mode recovery, endurance training volume, intensity, and modality) in the concurrent interference effect are discussed, along with the limitations of our current understanding of this complex paradigm.
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In the citing paper
“Since Hickson’s foundational observations in 1980, sports scientists have recognized that high-volume endurance exercise blunts macroscopic strength and hypertrophy adaptations, a phenomenon known as the “interference effect” [128,129].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
In the citing paper
“For decades, the molecular rationale for this interference was attributed exclusively to a conflict of translational efficiency: the energetic stress of endurance training activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently phosphorylates TSC2 to directly inhibit mTORC1, thereby immediately halting acute muscle protein synthesis [129,130].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
In the citing paper
“Fyfe, Hawley, and Stepto conducted rigorous in vivo investigations demonstrating that when human participants perform concurrent training, the acute post-exercise accumulation of specific ribosomal transcripts and nucleolar signaling cascades is significantly blunted compared to resistance training alone [129,136].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [129]
In the citing paper
“However, a comprehensive review by Fyfe et al. (2014) challenges the notion as to whether concurrent training interferes with resistance training adaptations.”
From Skeletal Muscle Ribosome and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Response to Different Exercise Training Modalities (2021) · cites this paper as Fyfe et al. (2014)
In the citing paper
“Notably, although NO3− supplementation has been reported to enhance the adaptations to sprint interval training [62,147], the molecular bases for skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and hypertrophy training adaptations are different and can be potentially antagonistic [148,149].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [149]
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Cited by
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Fragala, M. S., Cadore, E. L., Dorgo, S., Izquierdo, M., Kraemer, W. J., Peterson, M. D., & Ryan, E. D. (2019) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003230 · Cited by 1,290
Sarcopenia from mechanism to diagnosis and treatment in liver disease
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Concurrent exercise training: do opposites distract?
Coffey, V. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp272270 · Cited by 351
Strength training in soccer with a specific focus on highly trained players
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The Impact of Resistance Training on Swimming Performance: A Systematic Review
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., & Stepto, N. K.
- Affiliations
- Victoria University (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Fyfe, Jackson J.
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2014-04-12
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 743-762
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- OpenAlex
- W2076115872
- Cited by
- 347
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 42 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- concurrent training, interference effects, resistance training, endurance exercise, muscle hypertrophy, skeletal muscle protein synthesis, protein degradation, training specificity, exercise order, exercise intensity, exercise modalities, muscle strength and power
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Energy Metabolism, Humans, Hypertrophy, Muscle Proteins, Physical Education and Training, Physical Endurance, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Muscle Strength, Resistance Training
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