Concurrent exercise training: do opposites distract?
Open accessAbstract
Specificity is a core principle of exercise training to promote the desired adaptations for maximising athletic performance. The principle of specificity of adaptation is underpinned by the volume, intensity, frequency and mode of contractile activity and is most evident when contrasting the divergent phenotypes that result after undertaking either prolonged endurance or resistance training. The molecular profiles that generate the adaptive response to different exercise modes have undergone intense scientific scrutiny. Given divergent exercise induces similar signalling and gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle of untrained or recreationally active individuals, what is currently unclear is how the specificity of the molecular response is modified by prior training history. The time course of adaptation and when ‘phenotype specificity’ occurs has important implications for exercise prescription. This context is essential when attempting to concomitantly develop resistance to fatigue (through endurance‐based exercise) and increased muscle mass (through resistance‐based exercise), typically termed ‘concurrent training’. Chronic training studies provide robust evidence that endurance exercise can attenuate muscle hypertrophy and strength but the mechanistic underpinning of this ‘interference’ effect with concurrent training is unknown. Moreover, despite the potential for several key regulators of muscle metabolism to explain an incompatibility in adaptation between endurance and resistance exercise, it now seems likely that multiple integrated, rather than isolated, effectors or processes generate the interference effect. Here we review studies of the molecular responses in skeletal muscle and evidence for the interference effect with concurrent training within the context of the specificity of training adaptation. image
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
14 of 69 cited sources checked · 7 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Compared to trained athletes, untrained individuals have a greater capacity to activate the molecular machinery in muscle in response to contractile activity because any overload stimulus induces large perturbations to cellular homeostasis regardless of the mode of exercise.
“Compared to trained athletes, untrained individuals have a greater capacity to activate the molecular machinery in muscle in response to contractile activity because any overload stimulus induces large perturbations to cellular homeostasis regardless of the mode of exercise (Benziane et al., 2008b;Perry et al., 2010;Nader et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites Benziane et al., 2008b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Perry et al., 2010 source
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Nader et al., 2014 source
- Premisecitation
Low responders to each exercise stimulus may be as high as 25% in studies of individuals undertaking resistance and endurance training in isolation.
“The characterisation of individual responses is not a new phenomenon, but the results of studies of individuals undertaking resistance and endurance training in isolation suggest that 'low responders' to each exercise stimulus may be as high as 25% (Timmons et al., 2005;Phillips et al., 2013;Gurd et al., 2016).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim2 of 3 sources checked- cites Timmons et al., 2005 source
The Methods (Human and physiological measurements; page not supplied) describe a low-responder group selected after supervised endurance training, supporting the existence of low responders to that stimulus. The group was selected from a larger cohort, so its size does not establish that 25% of trainees were low responders. This paper did not study responses to resistance training. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Phillips et al., 2013 source
- cites Gurd et al., 2016 source
- Premisecitation
Different exercise modes appear to generate a fibre type specific satellite cell response.
“The different exercise modes also appear to generate a fibre type specific satellite cell response which may also increase the complexity in delineating its role in the specificity of adaptation and any incompatibility with concurrent training (Babcock et al., 2012;Joanisse et al., 2013;Bellamy et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 3 sources checked- cites Babcock et al., 2012 source
- cites Joanisse et al., 2013 source
- cites Bellamy et al., 2014 source
The Results section reports a fibre-type-specific satellite cell response to resistance exercise: type II-associated cells increased after an acute bout, while cells associated with both fibre types increased after 16 weeks of training. The paper does not compare different exercise modes, so it does not establish that different modes generate different fibre-type-specific responses. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
Even during a short-term intervention, mRNA responses to exercise are attenuated as the muscle adapts to the exercise challenge, even in the face of an increasing training intensity.
“Of note was that even during such a short-term intervention, the mRNA responses to exercise were attenuated as the muscle adapted to the exercise challenge, even in the face of an increasing training intensity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Perry et al., 2010 source
- Premisecitation
Repeated, transient increases in mRNA induced after each exercise session are necessary to elicit the sustained increases observed in the content of transcription and metabolic proteins.
“They demonstrated that the repeated, transient increases in mRNA induced after each exercise session were necessary to elicit the sustained increases observed in the content of transcription and metabolic proteins.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Perry et al., 2010 source
The Discussion reports repeated transient mRNA increases followed by sustained increases in transcription and metabolic proteins. It says the findings support a hypothesis that mRNA bursts are required for adaptation, but does not demonstrate that they are necessary; the citing sentence overstates that conclusion. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
- Premisecitation
AMPK phosphorylation and activation has been demonstrated following acute bouts of resistance exercise, indicating that contraction-induced AMPK activation is not solely restricted to an endurance-like training stimulus.
“AMPK phosphorylation and activation has also been demonstrated following acute bouts of resistance exercise indicating that contractioninduced AMPK activation is not solely restricted to an endurance-like training stimulus (Dreyer et al., 2006;Koopman et al., 2006).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites Dreyer et al., 2006 source
The Results report that AMPKα2 activity increased by 75% immediately after resistance exercise, supporting activation after an acute bout and the inference that it is not limited to endurance exercise. The cited passages do not report measuring AMPK phosphorylation; the phosphorylation findings concern other proteins. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Koopman et al., 2006 source
- Premisecitation
ACTN3 genotype was not different between endurance and elite team sport athletes.
“who also showed ACTN3 genotype was not different between endurance and elite team sport athletes”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Massidda et al., 2015 source
- Premisecitation
Together, these intermediaries coordinate complex signalling pathways regulating PGC-1α expression and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle.
“Together, these intermediaries coordinate complex signalling pathways regulating PGC-1α expression and subsequent mitochondrial biogenesis and angiogenesis in skeletal muscle (Lira et al., 2010;Olesen et al., 2010).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
Gains in muscle hypertrophy and strength are compromised when strength- and endurance-based training are undertaken concurrently.
“Since that seminal work, the results from the majority of studies confirm that gains in muscle hypertrophy and strength are compromised when strength-and endurance-based training are undertaken concurrently (Dudley & Djamil, 1985;Hunter et al., 1987;Hennessy & Watson, 1994;Kraemer et al., 1995;Bell et al., 2000;Putman et al., 2004;Chtara et al., 2008;Ronnestad et al., 2012;Jones et al., 2013).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites Dudley & Djamil, 1985 source
- cites Hunter et al., 1987
- cites Hennessy & Watson, 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
Multiple integrated, rather than isolated, effectors or processes generate the interference effect with concurrent training.
“it now seems likely that multiple integrated, rather than isolated, effectors or processes generate the interference effect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Jones et al. were unable to clearly differentiate acute signalling responses in human skeletal muscle with alternate concurrent exercise order compared with resistance exercise alone.
“Jones and colleagues (Jones et al., 2015) were also unable to clearly differentiate between acute signalling responses in human skeletal muscle with alternate concurrent exercise order compared with resistance exercise alone.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Jones et al., 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Concurrent training attenuates gains in hypertrophy, strength and power compared to resistance training undertaken in isolation.
“During concurrent training muscle is repeatedly subjected to divergent contractile stimuli and the specificity of adaptive response is altered to such an extent that gains in hypertrophy, strength and power are typically attenuated compared to when resistance training is undertaken in isolation (Wilson et al., 2012).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wilson et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Differences in skeletal muscle phenotype and associated performance capacities of highly trained endurance- compared to resistance-trained individuals are clear.
“Differences in the skeletal muscle phenotype and the associated performance capacities of highly trained endurance-compared to resistance-trained individuals are clear (Coffey et al., 2006).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Coffey et al., 2006 source
- Interpretationreasoning
Training history has a large bearing on any molecular signature induced by concurrent training.
“Given the generic 'molecular footprint' generated in untrained individuals in response to different exercise modes, it seems reasonable to conclude that training history has a large bearing on any molecular signature induced by concurrent training (Figure 3).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Combined strength and endurance training has potential to amplify endurance performance.
“In contrast to the impaired strength development when endurance training is undertaken simultaneously with resistance training, there is potential for combined strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance (Ronnestad & Mujika, 2014).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Ronnestad & Mujika, 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisenone given
Chronic training studies provide robust evidence that endurance exercise can attenuate muscle hypertrophy and strength in concurrent training.
“Chronic training studies provide robust evidence that endurance exercise can attenuate muscle hypertrophyand strength but the mechanistic underpinning of this 'interference' effect with concurrent training is unknown.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Premisecitation
Other studies show similar or enhanced signaling and gene responses with concurrent exercise compared with single-mode exercise in moderately trained or recreationally active individuals.
“The impact of exercise order notwithstanding, other studies have compared molecular responses of combined endurance and resistance exercise versus single-mode exercise and show similar or enhanced signaling and gene responses with concurrent exercise in moderately trained or recreationally active individuals (Apro et al., 2013;Lundberg et al., 2014b;Apro et al., 2015;Kazior et al., 2016).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked - Premisenone given
Training-induced gains in aerobic capacity are not compromised by concurrent strength and endurance training.
“Of note is training-induced gains in aerobic capacity are not compromised by concurrent strength and endurance training.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Running likely has a greater negative effect on strength development than cycling.
“The mode of exercise may also have an impact on the magnitude of the interference effect with running likely to have a greater negative effect on strength development than cycling (Wilson et al., 2012), possibly due to the eccentric component of running and concomitant muscle damage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wilson et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationnone given
Inability to match total work and differences in type of stimulus and/or exercise mode make comparisons between results of studies of concurrent training difficult.
“The inability to match total work as well as the type of stimulus and/or exercise mode make comparisons between the results of studies of concurrent training difficult.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Quantifying changes in performance capacity and/or muscle morphology has failed to provide insight as to how and when divergent exercise modes become discordant with respect to exercise-induced adaptations.
“In this regard, quantifying changes in performance capacity and/or muscle morphology has failed to provide insight as to 'how' and 'when' these divergent exercise modes become discordant with respect to exercise-induced adaptations (Leveritt et al., 1999).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Leveritt et al., 1999 source
- Premisecitation
Individuals are not systematically low or high responders when exposed to different training stimuli.
“Intuitively, it might be expected that the number of 'low responders' would double (or at least increase) after concurrent compared to single mode training, but the little data currently available suggests that individuals are not systematically low or high responders when exposed to different training stimuli (Karavirta et al., 2011).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Karavirta et al., 2011 source
- Premisecitation
Hickson demonstrated impaired strength development in previously untrained males who incorporated both strength and endurance workouts into a 10 week training programme.
“Thirty-five years ago Dr. Robert Hickson demonstrated impaired strength development in previously untrained males who incorporated both strength and endurance workouts into a 10 week training programme (Hickson, 1980).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Hickson, 1980 source
- Interpretationreasoning
Individual variation in molecular and functional responses to exercise is likely to impact on the precision to detect molecular incompatibility with concurrent training.
“In addition, individual variation in both the molecular and functional responses to exercise is likely to impact on the precision to detect molecular incompatibility with concurrent training.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Acute molecular responses to resistance and endurance exercise are often similar regardless of exercise mode, with any differences moderate, in recreationally trained humans.
“While we have observed some differences in the magnitude of effect in kinase phosphorylation of regulators of translation such as S6K and rpS6, and mRNA content of PGC-1α and myogenic regulatory factors, the overall responses in the 'metabolic' and 'myogenic' pathways were often similar regardless of exercise mode and any differences moderate (Coffey et al., 2009a;Coffey et al., 2009b).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Coffey et al., 2009a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Coffey et al., 2009b
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Endurance exercise has a negative effect on muscle hypertrophy, strength and power that occurs in a frequency and duration dependent manner.
“Indeed, a meta-analysis of concurrent strength and endurance training by Wilson and colleagues clearly demonstrates the negative effect of endurance exercise on muscle hypertrophy, strength and power that occurs in a frequency and duration dependent manner (Wilson et al., 2012).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Wilson et al., 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
There is little evidence to support a direct AMPK-induced impairment to rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy in humans.
“However, there is little evidence to support a direct AMPK-induced impairment to rates of myofibrillar protein synthesis and resistance training-induced muscle hypertrophy in humans.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
AMPKα1 isoform has recently been associated with promoting satellite cell activation and muscle regeneration.
“Complicating the issue is that the AMPKα1 isoform has recently been associated with promoting satellite cell activation and muscle regeneration (Fu et al., 2015), which contrasts the conventional role of AMPK as a 'metabolic sensor' in skeletal muscle.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Fu et al., 2015
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Premisecitation
Gene profiles after endurance running and resistance exercise are remarkably comparable.
“Yang and co-workers (Yang et al., 2005) and Louis and colleagues (Louis et al., 2007) compared the acute time-course of mRNA content of metabolic, myogenic and proteolytic mRNA targets after bouts of divergent exercise and show gene profiles that are remarkably comparable for endurance running and resistance exercise.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Interpretationcitation
Individual gene responses may not mirror chronic functional changes in the muscle (i.e., increased protein abundance).
“It is also becoming evident that individual gene responses may not mirror chronic functional changes in the muscle (i.e., increased protein abundance) and the study of the phosphoproteome (Hoffman et al., 2015), transcriptome and functional gene clusters offer a more powerful analytical approach to discovering the unexplored complexity of acute exercise signaling.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Interpretationnone given
Little data from human exercise studies support the hypothesis of a simple 'AMPK-PKB switch' to explain specificity of training adaptation.
“However, since that study, there has been little data from human exercise studies to support the hypothesis of a simple 'AMPK-PKB switch' to explain specificity of training adaptation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
A single bout of endurance exercise induces a rapid and sustained increase in PGC-1α gene and protein in skeletal muscle.
“A single bout of endurance exercise induces a rapid and sustained increase in PGC-1α gene and protein in skeletal muscle (Mathai et al., 2008), whereas muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α results in a large increase in functional mitochondria (Lin et al., 2002).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Mathai et al., 2008 source
- Interpretationreasoning
The molecular bases for the 'interference effect' may be indistinguishable in previously sedentary or recreationally active individuals, particularly if the total work in the single modes of training is not matched.
“Accordingly, we propose that the molecular bases for the 'interference effect' may be indistinguishable in such individuals, particularly if the total work in the single modes of training is not matched.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisenone given
Most studies aimed at determining the adaptation response of single exercise modes do not typically quantify candidate gene expression of targets associated with the 'alternate' type of exercise.
“However, most studies aimed at determining the adaptation response of single exercise modes do not typically quantify candidate gene expression of targets associated with the 'alternate' type of exercise: such lack of measures limit our current understanding of the specificity of training.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Elevated AMPK activity does not suppress mTOR mediated signaling when endurance exercise is undertaken prior to resistance exercise.
“Furthermore, elevated AMPK activity does not supress mTOR mediated signaling when endurance exercise is undertaken prior to resistance exercise (Apro et al., 2015).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Apro et al., 2015 source
- Interpretationcitation
Training status is a major regulator of the molecular response to exercise.
“Taken collectively, these data provide further support that training status is a major regulator of the molecular response to exercise, and suggest that exercise-induced PGC-1α isoform-specificity may provide clues to mechanisms underlying the molecular bases of the interference effect with concurrent training.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
Distributions of the R577X polymorphism that may promote endurance capacity were similar between team sport and endurance athletes.
“but that the distributions of the polymorphism that may promote endurance capacity (R577X) were similar between team sport and endurance athletes”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Eynon et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Interpretationreasoning
The capacity for the different exercise modes to promote adaptive responses associated with the 'opposing' exercise contributes to a lack of meaningful interference during concurrent training with short-term training.
“The capacity for the different exercise modes to promote adaptive responses associated with the”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: In the first days/weeks when an individual commences training, the initial skeletal muscle adaptation responses are similar between single mode and concurrent training adaptation as are any functional performance measures.
- Interpretationreasoning
The impaired adaptive response with concurrent versus single mode training is exacerbated with increasing training history.
“The impaired adaptive response with concurrent versus single mode training is exacerbated with increasing training history.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim
- May combine two claims. 19
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 17
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationAfter training consisting of either endurance exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both endurance and resistance exercise, increases in PGC-1α4 are confined to resistance-only and combined exercise training programmes, with no changes in this transcript after endurance-only training.
“In this regard, Ruas and co-workers (Ruas et al., 2012) have shown that after training consisting of either endurance exercise, resistance exercise, or a combination of both endurance and resistance exercise, increases in PGC-1α4 are confined to resistance-only and combined exercise training programmes, with no changes in this transcript after endurance-only training (Ruas et al., 2012).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Ruas et al., 2012 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationOthers have failed to show a specificity of adaptation response in PGC-1α isoforms with acute bouts of endurance compared to resistance exercise or differences in expression with resistance versus concurrent exercise bouts in untrained individuals.
“However, in contrast to the early results from Ruas et al. (Ruas et al., 2012), others have failed to show a specificity of adaptation response in PGC-1α isoforms with acute bouts of endurance compared to resistance exercise or indeed differences in expression with resistance versus concurrent exercise bouts albeit in untrained individuals (Ydfors et al., 2013;Lundberg et al., 2014a).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites Ydfors et al., 2013 source
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 0 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured - cites Lundberg et al., 2014a
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPGC-1α4 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and appears to play a role in the adaptive response to exercise, particularly in the setting of resistance training.
“PGC-1α4, a transcript from the PGC-1 α gene, is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle and appears to play a role in the adaptive response to exercise, particularly in the setting of resistance training (Ruas et al., 2012;White et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationSatellite cells are niche stem cells located in skeletal muscle with the capacity to promote adaptation through the contribution of new myonuclei within existing muscle fibres and/or myocytes that can fuse and form new myofibres.
“Satellite cells are niche stem cells located in skeletal muscle with the capacity to promote adaptation through the contribution of new myonuclei within existing muscle fibres and/or myocytes that can fuse and form new myofibres (Dumont et al., 2015).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim1 of 1 sources checked- cites Dumont et al., 2015 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationResistance and aerobic exercise independently have the potential to induce satellite cell responses for skeletal muscle remodelling.
“It should be noted that resistance and aerobic exercise independently have the potential to induce satellite cell responses for skeletal muscle remodelling”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim1 of 2 sources checked- cites Joanisse et al., 2013 source
- cites Bellamy et al., 2014 source
The Abstract reports a satellite-cell response after a bout of resistance exercise, supporting that part of the claim. The paper studies resistance training, and the cited passages do not establish an independent satellite-cell response to aerobic exercise. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Premisenone givenDivergent exercise induces similar signalling and gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle of untrained or recreationally active individuals.
“Given divergent exercise induces similar signalling and gene expression profiles in skeletal muscle of untrained or recreationally active individuals, what is currently unclear is how the specificity of the molecular response is modified by prior training history.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationResistance training elicits little or no change to the oxidative profile of trained muscles, nor major shifts in fuel utilisation patterns.
“Such training, even when performed over several months or years, elicits little or no change to the oxidative profile of the trained muscles, nor major shifts in the patterns of fuel utilisation (MacDougall et al., 1982).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites MacDougall et al., 1982 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationResistance training stimulates synthesis of myofibrillar proteins and muscle hypertrophy.
“In contrast, training to increase strength and/or power requires short duration (<60 s) maximal contractile activity and heavy resistance loading to stimulate the synthesis of myofibrillar proteins and muscle hypertrophy (Damas et al., 2015).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Damas et al., 2015 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenPrimary factors determining the molecular profiles generated by concurrent exercise are the training status of subjects and inter-individual responses.
“However, perhaps the primary factors determining the molecular profiles generated by concurrent exercise are the training status of subjects and inter-individual responses.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAdding strength training to endurance training benefits short-term (4-8 min) running and cycling performance and long-term (~80 min) endurance cycling capacity in trained runners and cyclists, despite no changes in VO2max.
“Despite no changes in VO2max there was a clear benefit of adding strength training to endurance training for both short-term (4-8 min) running and cycling performance and longterm (~80 min) endurance cycling capacity.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Hickson et al., 1988 source
May combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenWhere the interference effect has been unclear, it can typically be attributed to low volume and frequency of training, a limited intervention period, and/or the training status of individuals under investigation.
“Even where the interference effect has been unclear (McCarthy et al., 1995;McCarthy et al., 2002;Balabinis et al., 2003;Häkkinen et al., 2003;Hendrickson et al., 2010;Lundberg et al., 2013), this can typically be attributed to the low volume and frequency of training undertaken, a limited intervention period and/or the training status of individuals under investigation.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationIn sedentary middle-aged men, concurrent exercise comprising 50% of total work of separate resistance and aerobic bouts produces no meaningful change in S6K and AMPK phosphorylation between modes, comparable increases in myofibrillar protein synthesis with concurrent vs resistance exercise, and similar rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis between concurrent and aerobic exercise.
“They reported no meaningful change in S6K and AMPK phosphorylation between the different exercise modes, comparable increases in skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis with concurrent compared with resistance exercise, and similar rates of mitochondrial protein synthesis between concurrent and aerobic exercise.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Donges et al., 2013 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPGC-1α4 does not appear to regulate the same set of oxidative genes induced by PGC-1α but activates the expression of IGF-1 while concomitantly suppressing myostatin pathways.
“This protein does not appear to regulate the same set of oxidative genes induced by PGC-1α but, rather, activates the expression of IGF-1 while concomitantly suppressing myostatin (an inhibitor of muscle cell differentiation and growth) pathways.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationACTN3 gene deficiency may be unfavourable for the development of muscular power.
“ACTN3 gene deficiency, which prevents its subsequent protein expression in type II muscle fibres, may be unfavourable for the development of muscular power”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Eynon et al., 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Eynon et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationStudies in cell culture and animal models provide compelling evidence for cross-talk between AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways, and support the notion that activation of AMPK-related pathways suppresses translation through decreased S6K and 4E-BP phosphorylation.
“Studies in cell culture and animal models provide compelling evidence for the cross-talk between AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways, and support the notion that activation of AMPK-related pathways suppresses translation through decreased S6K and 4E-BP phosphorylation (Bolster et al., 2002;Thomson et al., 2008;Lantier et al., 2010;Egawa et al., 2014).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe ACTN3 genotype (577RR) associated with muscular power was underrepresented in team sport compared with power athletes.
“They showed the ACTN3 genotype (577RR) associated with muscular power was underrepresented in team sport compared with power athletes”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Eynon et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPGC-1α is an exercise-responsive transcriptional co-activator described as a master regulator of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, promoting many of the adaptations to endurance training in skeletal muscle.
“PGC-1α is an exercise-responsive transcriptional co-activator that has been described as a master regulator of oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis, promoting many of the adaptations to endurance training in skeletal muscle (Hood, 2009).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Hood, 2009 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationACTN3 gene deficiency could promote an endurance-like phenotype.
“could promote an endurance-like phenotype (Eynon et al., 2013;Eynon et al., 2014)”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Eynon et al., 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Eynon et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).
Premisenone givenSimilar characterisation of the chronic time-course of adaptation to resistance training is currently lacking.
“Similar characterisation of the chronic time-course of adaptation to resistance training is currently lacking.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationA conventional resistance exercise bout transiently increases muscle fibre satellite cell density (~38%) after 4 days recovery, but the addition of a 90 min cycling bout (~60% Wmax) undertaken immediately after resistance exercise completely suppressed this response.
“They found that a conventional resistance exercise bout transiently increases muscle fibre satellite cell density (~38%) after 4 days recovery, but the addition of a 90 min cycling bout (~60% Wmax) undertaken immediately after resistance exercise completely suppressed this response.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Babcock et al., 2012 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationPGC-1α4 expression was not induced in the muscle of untrained subjects in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise undertaken at the beginning of a 12 week training programme, but was selectively up-regulated by the same exercise session at the end of the intervention period.
“Of note, Nader et al. (Nader et al., 2014) showed PGC-1α4 expression was not induced in the muscle of untrained subjects in response to an acute bout of resistance exercise undertaken at the beginning of a 12 week training programme, but was selectively up-regulated by the same exercise session at the end of the intervention period.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Nader et al., 2014 source
May combine two claims.
PremisecitationIncreases in mitochondrial proteins occurred within five days and following three sessions of high-intensity interval training, while at the end of 2 weeks, VO2max had also increased by 12%.
“Increases in mitochondrial proteins occurred within five days and following three sessions of high-intensity interval training, while at the end of the 2 weeks, VO2max had also increased by 12% (Perry et al., 2010).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Perry et al., 2010 source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationMuscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α results in a large increase in functional mitochondria.
“A single bout of endurance exercise induces a rapid and sustained increase in PGC-1α gene and protein in skeletal muscle (Mathai et al., 2008), whereas muscle-specific overexpression of PGC-1α results in a large increase in functional mitochondria (Lin et al., 2002).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Lin et al., 2002 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationThe ACTN3 gene has emerged as a candidate that may influence exercise performance capacity.
“The α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene has emerged as a candidate that may influence exercise performance capacity.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Eynon et al., 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- cites Eynon et al., 2014
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Premisenone givenA direct comparison between the transcriptome profiles of resistance- and endurance training-induced gene expression has not been undertaken.
“a direct comparison between the transcriptome profiles of resistance-and endurance training-induced gene expression has not be undertaken.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
InterpretationreasoningWhen previously sedentary or recreationally active individuals commence any concurrent training programme, the response to the two exercise modes is additive and promotes a generic adaptation in the absence of a true specificity of training effect.
“It seems reasonable to suggest that when previously sedentary or recreationally active individuals commence any concurrent training programme, the response to the two exercise modes is additive and promotes a generic adaptation in the absence of a true specificity of training effect.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
PremisecitationAerobic interval training (6 weeks, 3 session/week) expands the muscle satellite cell pool and increases satellite cell activity without subsequent hypertrophy, indicating exercise-induced satellite cell activation in skeletal muscle is not limited to resistance exercise.
“Joanisse and colleagues (2013) have shown that aerobic interval training (6 weeks, 3 session/week) expands the muscle satellite cell pool and increases satellite cell activity without subsequent hypertrophy, indicating exerciseinduced satellite cell activation in skeletal muscle is not limited to resistance exercise.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Joanisse et al., 2013 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). The quote only partly states this claim.
InterpretationreasoningImpaired responses to concurrent training compared with single mode training result from the change in phenotype coinciding with the need for greater training loads to disrupt homeostasis and promote further adaptation.
“which results in impaired responses to concurrent training compared with single mode training.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: As training progresses (i.e., months-years) repeated bouts of divergent exercise begin to generate a specificity of training adaptation that initiates transformation of the skeletal muscle phenotype.
- Rests on an assumption: The change in phenotype coincides with the need for greater training loads to disrupt homeostasis and promote further adaptation.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThe exercise stimulus initially generates a 'general adaptation profile'.
“The exercise stimulus initially generates a 'general adaptation profile'”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
PremisecitationThe downstream effectors of mTORC1 are S6K and 4E-BP, which have key roles in promoting translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis.
“The downstream effectors of mTORC1 are the 70KDa ribosomal S6 protein kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein (4E-BP) that have been shown to have key roles in promoting translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis (Philp et al., 2011).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Philp et al., 2011 source
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenThere is incompatibility and adaptation interference with concurrent training whereby endurance training attenuates hypertrophy/strength.
“and there is incompatibility and adaptation interference with concurrent training whereby endurance training attenuates hypertrophy/strength.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).
Interpretationnone givenAs training continues, 'specificity of adaptation' responses are generated.
“but as training continues, 'specificity of adaptation' responses are generated”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationnone givenEndurance training has the potential to induce modest hypertrophy and resistance training has the potential to promote oxidative capacity in the untrained state.
“the potential for endurance training (blue, hatched bars) to induce modest hypertrophy and resistance training (red, hatched bars) to promote oxidative capacity in the untrained state.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationLinked kinases have each been proposed as mechanosensors that initiate the signal that generates greater subsequent activity of mTORC1.
“linked kinases have each been proposed as mechanosensors that initiate the signal that generates greater subsequent activity of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Philp et al., 2011 source
The paper relies on this without support.
Concurrent training is a prerequisite for performance in many team sports.
“as concurrent training is a prerequisite for performance in many team sports”
The paper relies on this without support.
The molecular profiles generated by endurance and resistance exercise are complex.
“The molecular profiles generated by endurance and resistance exercise are complex”
The paper relies on this without support.
The complexity of molecular profiles is magnified when individuals undertake concurrent training.
“an effect that is magnified when individuals undertake concurrent training.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Modulation of cellular calcium concentration with contraction upregulates CaMK and/or Calcineurin proteins, which act as a metabolic signal for adaptation responses.
“Modulation of cellular calcium concentration with contraction upregulates Calmodulin kinase (CaMK) and/or Calcineurin proteins, which also act as a metabolic signal for adaptation responses.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In the first days/weeks when an individual commences training, the initial skeletal muscle adaptation responses are similar between single mode and concurrent training adaptation as are any functional performance measures.
“In the first days/weeks when an individual commences training, the initial skeletal muscle adaptation responses are similar between single mode and concurrent training adaptation as are any functional performance measures.”
The paper relies on this without support.
During this early phase the mechanosensors and subsequent mechanotransduction of the adaptive signal fails, at least in part, to differentiate between the endurance-and resistance-like stimuli often undertaken at lowmoderate intensity and volume.
“During this early phase the mechanosensors and subsequent mechanotransduction of the adaptive signal fails, at least in part, to differentiate between the endurance-and resistance-like stimuli often undertaken at lowmoderate intensity and volume.”
The paper relies on this without support.
As training progresses (i.e., months-years) repeated bouts of divergent exercise begin to generate a specificity of training adaptation that initiates transformation of the skeletal muscle phenotype.
“As training progresses (i.e., months-years) repeated bouts of divergent exercise begin to generate a specificity of training adaptation that initiates transformation of the skeletal muscle phenotype.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The change in phenotype coincides with the need for greater training loads to disrupt homeostasis and promote further adaptation.
“The change in phenotype coincides with the need for greater training loads to disrupt homeostasis and promote further adaptation”
The paper relies on this without support.
Repeated bouts of single mode training (i.e., either endurance-or resistance-based) generate a specific molecular profile that results in mitochondrial biogenesis and improved resistance to fatigue, or hypertrophy and enhanced strength/power in skeletal muscle.
“The classic model whereby repeated bouts of single mode training (i.e., either endurance-or resistance-based) generate a specific molecular profile that results in mitochondrial biogenesis and improved resistance to fatigue, or hypertrophy and enhanced strength/power in skeletal muscle.”
The paper relies on this without support.
AMPK is an energy sensing protein.
“The adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensing protein”
The paper relies on this without support.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a metabolic byproduct of oxidative metabolism.
“reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a metabolic by product of oxidative metabolism”
The paper relies on this without support.
AMPK, ROS, and p38 MAPK all respond to the metabolic stress generated within skeletal muscle by exercise.
“which in concert with the p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) all respond to the metabolic stress generated within skeletal muscle by exercise.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The energetic stress of endurance training activates AMPK, which subsequently phosphorylates TSC2 to directly inhibit mTORC1, thereby immediately halting acute muscle protein synthesis.
“For decades, the molecular rationale for this interference was attributed exclusively to a conflict of translational efficiency: the energetic stress of endurance training activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which subsequently phosphorylates TSC2 to directly inhibit mTORC1, thereby immediately halting acute muscle protein synthesis [129,130].”
From Ribosome Biogenesis as a Putative Bottleneck to Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy: Mechanisms, Human Evidence, and Practical Modulators (2026) · cites this paper as [130]
In “Potential molecular candidates to explain the interference effect” (page not provided), the paper describes evidence from cell and animal models that AMPK-related pathways can suppress translation through reduced S6K and 4E-BP phosphorylation. It does not establish the claimed AMPK–TSC2 sequence or an immediate halt to muscle protein synthesis; it says there is little evidence for direct AMPK-induced impairment of myofibrillar protein synthesis in humans. “The specificity of training adaptation in skeletal muscle” (page not provided) also reports that elevated AMPK activity did not suppress mTOR signaling when endurance exercise preceded resistance exercise. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe molecular bases for skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and hypertrophy training adaptations are different and can be potentially antagonistic.
“Notably, although NO3− supplementation has been reported to enhance the adaptations to sprint interval training [62,147], the molecular bases for skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism and hypertrophy training adaptations are different and can be potentially antagonistic [148,149].”
From Effects of Dietary Nitrate Supplementation on Weightlifting Exercise Performance in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review (2020) · cites this paper as [148]
Cites
Transcriptional co-activator PGC-1α drives the formation of slow-twitch muscle fibres
Lin, J., Wu, H., Tarr, P. T., Zhang, C.-Y., Wu, Z., Boss, O., Michael, L. F., Puigserver, P., Isotani, E., Olson, E. N., et al. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature00904 · Cited by 2,546 · see citing works
Exercise Metabolism and the Molecular Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Adaptation
Egan, B., & Zierath, J. R. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2012.12.012 · Cited by 2,084 · see citing works
Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences
Holloszy, J. O., & Coyle, E. F. (1984) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1984.56.4.831 · Cited by 1,985 · see citing works
Integrative Biology of Exercise
Hawley, J. A., Hargreaves, M., Joyner, M. J., & Zierath, J. R. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.029 · Cited by 1,152 · see citing works
Self-citationBolster, D. R., Crozier, S. J., Kimball, S. R., & Jefferson, L. S. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c200171200 · Cited by 851 · see citing works
Kraemer, W. J., Patton, J. F., Gordon, S. E., Harman, E. A., Deschenes, M. R., Reynolds, K., Newton, R. U., Triplett, N. T., & Dziados, J. E. (1995) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.3.976 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
The Molecular Bases of Training Adaptation
Coffey, V. G., & Hawley, J. A. (2007) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200737090-00001 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Self-citationInterference of strength development by simultaneously training for strength and endurance.
Hickson, R. C. (1980) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00421333 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
A PGC-1α isoform induced by resistance training regulates skeletal muscle hypertrophy
Ruas, J. L., White, J. P., Rao, R. R., Kleiner, S., Brannan, K. T., Harrison, B. C., Greene, N. P., Wu, J., Estall, J. L., Irving, B. A., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.10.050 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Wilkinson, S. B., Phillips, S. M., Atherton, P. J., Patel, R., Yarasheski, K. E., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Rennie, M. J. (2008) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2008.153916 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
Dreyer, H. C., Fujita, S., Cadenas, J. G., Chinkes, D. L., Volpi, E., & Rasmussen, B. B. (2006) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.113175 · Cited by 570 · see citing works
Perry, C. G. R., Lally, J., Holloway, G. P., Heigenhauser, G. J. F., Bonen, A., & Spriet, L. L. (2010) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2010.199448 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Wilson, J. M., Marin, P. J., Rhea, M. R., Wilson, S. M., Loenneke, J. P., & Anderson, J. C. (2012) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31823a3e2d · Cited by 540 · cited 6× · see citing works
“The mode of exercise may also have an impact on the magnitude of the interference effect with running likely to have a greater negative effect on strength development than cycling (Wilson et al. , 2012), possibly due to the eccentric component of running and concomitant muscle damage.”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training
Häkkinen, K., Alen, M., Kraemer, W. J., Gorostiaga, E., Izquierdo, M., Rusko, H., Mikkola, J., Häkkinen, A., Valkeinen, H., Kaarakainen, E., et al. (2003) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0751-9 · Cited by 527 · see citing works
Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms regulating satellite cell function
Dumont, N. A., Wang, Y. X., & Rudnicki, M. A. (2015) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.114223 · Cited by 491 · see citing works
Louis, E., Raue, U., Yang, Y., Jemiolo, B., & Trappe, S. (2007) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00679.2007 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Atherton, P. J., Babraj, J. A., Smith, K., Singh, J., Rennie, M. J., & Wackerhage, H. (2005) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.04-2179fje · Cited by 475 · see citing works
Hoffman, N. J., Parker, B. L., Chaudhuri, R., Fisher-Wellman, K. H., Kleinert, M., Humphrey, S. J., Yang, P., Holliday, M., Trefely, S., Fazakerley, D. J., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.09.001 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
PGC-1α regulation by exercise training and its influences on muscle function and insulin sensitivity
Lira, V. A., Benton, C. R., Yan, Z., & Bonen, A. (2010) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00755.2009 · Cited by 412 · see citing works
Bell, G. J., Syrotuik, D., Martin, T. P., Burnham, R., & Quinney, H. A. (2000) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s004210050063 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Timmons, J. A., Knudsen, S., Rankinen, T., Koch, L. G., Sarzynski, M., Jensen, T., Keller, P., Scheele, C., Vollaard, N. B. J., Nielsen, S., et al. (2010) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01295.2009 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., & Stepto, N. K. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0162-1 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Early signaling responses to divergent exercise stimuli in skeletal muscle from well-trained humans
Coffey, V. G., Zhong, Z., Shield, A., Canny, B. J., Chibalin, A. V., Zierath, J. R., & Hawley, J. A. (2006) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.05-4809fje · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationAdaptations of Skeletal Muscle to Prolonged, Intense Endurance Training
Hawley, J. A. (2002) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1046/j.1440-1681.2002.03623.x · Cited by 328 · see citing works
Self-citationIncompatibility of endurance- and strength-training modes of exercise
Dudley, G. A., & Djamil, R. (1985) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1985.59.5.1446 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy After Aerobic Exercise Training
Konopka, A. R., & Harber, M. P. (2014) · Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews · doi:10.1249/jes.0000000000000007 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training: A Review
Leveritt, M., Abernethy, P. J., Barry, B. K., & Logan, P. A. (1999) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-199928060-00004 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Potential for strength and endurance training to amplify endurance performance
Hickson, R. C., Dvorak, B. A., Gorostiaga, E. M., Kurowski, T. T., & Foster, C. (1988) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/jappl.1988.65.5.2285 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Creer, A., Jemiolo, B., & Trappe, S. (2005) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01185.2004 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Optimizing strength training for running and cycling endurance performance: A review
Rønnestad, B. R., & Mujika, I. (2014) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.12104 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Neuromuscular adaptations to concurrent strength and endurance training
McCARTHY, J. P., POZNIAK, M. A., & AGRE, J. C. (2002) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1097/00005768-200203000-00019 · Cited by 261 · see citing works
Raue, U., Trappe, T. A., Estrem, S. T., Qian, H.-R., Helvering, L. M., Smith, R. C., & Trappe, S. W. (2012) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00435.2011 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Maximum Strength-Power-Performance Relationships in Collegiate Throwers
STONE, M. H., SANBORN, K., OʼBRYANT, H. S., HARTMAN, M., STONE, M. E., PROULX, C., WARD, B., & HRUBY, J. (2003) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/00124278-200311000-00019 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
PGC-1α-mediated adaptations in skeletal muscle
Olesen, J., Kiilerich, K., & Pilegaard, H. (2010) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-010-0834-0 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Hood, D. A. (2009) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h09-045 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Compatibility of adaptive responses with combining strength and endurance training
McCARTHY, J. P., AGRE, J. C., GRAF, B. K., POZNIAK, M. A., & VAILAS, A. C. (1995) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-199503000-00021 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Damas, F., Phillips, S., Vechin, F. C., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2015) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0320-0 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Muscle ultrastructural characteristics of elite powerlifters and bodybuilders
MacDougall, J. D., Sale, D. G., Elder, G. C. B., & Sutton, J. R. (1982) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00421171 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Genes for Elite Power and Sprint Performance: ACTN3 Leads the Way
Eynon, N., Hanson, E. D., Lucía, A., Houweling, P. J., Garton, F. C., North, K. N., & Bishop, D. J. (2013) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-013-0059-4 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Molecular Networks of Human Muscle Adaptation to Exercise and Age
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Gustafsson, T., Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., Knudsen, S., Smith, K., Timmons, J. A., & Atherton, P. J. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003389 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
Koopman, R., Zorenc, A. H. G., Gransier, R. J. J., Cameron-Smith, D., & van Loon, L. J. C. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00530.2005 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Chtara, M., Chaouachi, A., Levin, G., Chaouachi, M., Chamari, K., Amri, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2008) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e31816a4419 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
The hitchhiker’s guide to PGC-1α isoform structure and biological functions
Martínez-Redondo, V., Pettersson, A. T., & Ruas, J. (2015) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-015-3671-z · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Aerobic exercise does not compromise muscle hypertrophy response to short-term resistance training
Lundberg, T. R., Fernandez-Gonzalo, R., Gustafsson, T., & Tesch, P. A. (2013) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01013.2012 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Putman, C. T., Xu, X., Gillies, E. M., MacLean, I. M., & Bell, G. (2004) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-004-1104-7 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Rapid exercise-induced changes in PGC-1α mRNA and protein in human skeletal muscle
Mathai, A. S., Bonen, A., Benton, C. R., Robinson, D. L., & Graham, T. E. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00847.2007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Early Time Course of Akt Phosphorylation after Endurance and Resistance Exercise
CAMERA, D. M., EDGE, J., SHORT, M. J., HAWLEY, J. A., & COFFEY, V. G. (2010) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181d964e4 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationThomson, D. M., Fick, C. A., & Gordon, S. E. (2008) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00915.2007 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
The Acute Satellite Cell Response and Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy following Resistance Training
Bellamy, L. M., Joanisse, S., Grubb, A., Mitchell, C. J., McKay, B. R., Phillips, S. M., Baker, S., & Parise, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0109739 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Rønnestad, B. R., Hansen, E. A., & Raastad, T. (2009) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-009-1307-z · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Individual responses to combined endurance and strength training in older adults.
KARAVIRTA, L., HÄKKINEN, K., KAUHANEN, A., ARIJA-BLÁZQUEZ, A., SILLANPÄÄ, E., RINKINEN, N., & HÄKKINEN, A. (2011) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e3181f1bf0d · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Timmons, J. A., Jansson, E., Fischer, H., Gustafsson, T., Greenhaff, P. L., Ridden, J., Rachman, J., & Sundberg, C. J. (2005) · BMC Biology · doi:10.1186/1741-7007-3-19 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Philp, A., Hamilton, D. L., & Baar, K. (2011) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00941.2010 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
(1987) · PubMed · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Nader, G. A., von Walden, F., Liu, C., Lindvall, J., Gutmann, L., Pistilli, E. E., & Gordon, P. M. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01366.2013 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Hendrickson, N. R., Sharp, M. A., Alemany, J. A., Walker, L. A., Harman, E. A., Spiering, B. A., Hatfield, D. L., Yamamoto, L. M., Maresh, C. M., Kraemer, W. J., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-010-1462-2 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
G protein-coupled receptor 56 regulates mechanical overload-induced muscle hypertrophy
White, J. P., Wrann, C. D., Rao, R. R., Nair, S. K., Jedrychowski, M. P., You, J.-S., Martínez-Redondo, V., Gygi, S. P., Ruas, J. L., Hornberger, T. A., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1417898111 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Coffey, V. G., Jemiolo, B., Edge, J., Garnham, A. P., Trappe, S. W., & Hawley, J. A. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00351.2009 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Self-citationDivergent cell signaling after short-term intensified endurance training in human skeletal muscle
Benziane, B., Burton, T. J., Scanlan, B., Galuska, D., Canny, B. J., Chibalin, A. V., Zierath, J. R., & Stepto, N. K. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.90428.2008 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Thalacker-Mercer, A., Stec, M., Cui, X., Cross, J., Windham, S., & Bamman, M. (2013) · Physiological Genomics · doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.00167.2012 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Tang, J. E., Hartman, J. W., & Phillips, S. M. (2006) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h06-026 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Consecutive bouts of diverse contractile activity alter acute responses in human skeletal muscle
Coffey, V. G., Pilegaard, H., Garnham, A. P., O'Brien, B. J., & Hawley, J. A. (2009) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91221.2008 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Self-citationMascher, H., Andersson, H., Nilsson, P.-A., Ekblom, B. T., & Blomstrand, E. (2007) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01712.x · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Apró, W., Wang, L., Pontén, M., Blomstrand, E., & Sahlin, K. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00091.2013 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Coordinated maintenance of muscle cell size control by AMP‐activated protein kinase
Lander, L., Mourner, R., Leclerc, J., Pende, M., Foretz, M., & Viollet, B. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.10-155994 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Fu, X., Zhu, M. J., Dodson, M. V., & Du, . (2015) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m115.665232 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Incidence of nonresponse and individual patterns of response following sprint interval training
Gurd, B. J., Giles, M. D., Bonafiglia, J. T., Raleigh, J. P., Boyd, J. C., Ma, J. K., Zelt, J. G. E., & Scribbans, T. D. (2016) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2015-0449 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Lundberg, T. R., Fernandez-Gonzalo, R., & Tesch, P. A. (2014) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01082.2013 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Rønnestad, B. R., Hansen, E. A., & Raastad, T. (2012) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-011-2112-z · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Apró, W., Moberg, M., Hamilton, D. L., Ekblom, B., van Hall, G., Holmberg, H.-C., & Blomstrand, E. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00486.2014 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Joanisse, S., Gillen, J. B., Bellamy, L. M., McKay, B. R., Tarnopolsky, M. A., Gibala, M. J., & Parise, G. (2013) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.13-229799 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kazior, Z., Willis, S. J., Moberg, M., Apró, W., Calbet, J. A. L., Holmberg, H.-C., & Blomstrand, E. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149082 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Ydfors, M., Fischer, H., Mascher, H., Blomstrand, E., Norrbom, J., & Gustafsson, T. (2013) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.1002/phy2.140 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Donges, C. E., Duffield, R., Guelfi, K. J., Smith, G. C., Adams, D. R., & Edge, J. A. (2013) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2012-0443 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Jones, T. W., Howatson, G., Russell, M., & French, D. N. (2013) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181b2cf39 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
ACTN3 R577X polymorphism and team-sport performance: A study involving three European cohorts
Eynon, N., Banting, L., Ruiz, J. R., et al. (2013) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2013.02.005 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Egan, B., Hawley, J. A., & Zierath, J. R. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.07.013 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationACTN3 R577X polymorphism is not associated with team sport athletic status in Italians
Massidda, M., Bachis, V., Corrias, L., Piras, F., Scorcu, M., Culigioni, C., Masala, D., & Calò, C. M. (2015) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-015-0008-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Genomics of Elite Sporting Performance
Wang, G., Padmanabhan, S., Wolfarth, B., Fuku, N., Lucía, A., Ahmetov, I. I., Cięszczyk, P., Collins, M., Eynon, N., Klissouras, V., et al. (2013) · Advances in genetics · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407703-4.00004-9 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Exercise Metabolism: Historical Perspective
Hawley, J. A., Maughan, R. J., & Hargreaves, M. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.06.016 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationTruncated splice variant PGC-1α4 is not associated with exercise-induced human muscle hypertrophy
Lundberg, T. R., Fernandez‐Gonzalo, R., Norrbom, J., Fischer, H., Tesch, P. A., & Gustafsson, T. P. (2014) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12310 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Egawa, T., Ohno, Y., Goto, A., Ikuta, A., Suzuki, M., Ohira, T., Yokoyama, S., Sugiura, T., Ohira, Y., Yoshioka, T., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00495.2013 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Jones, T. W. A., Howatson, G., Russell, M. A., & French, D. N. (2013) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e3182903221 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Babcock, L., Escano, M., D'Lugos, A., Todd, K., Murach, K., & Luden, N. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00035.2012 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Does Short-Term Near-Maximal Intensity Machine Resistance Training Induce Overtraining?
Fry, A. C., Kraemer, W. J., Lynch, J. M., Triplett, N. T., & Koziris, L. P. (1994) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1994)008 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Correction: Molecular Networks of Human Muscle Adaptation to Exercise and Age
Phillips, B. E., Williams, J. P., Gustafsson, T. P., Bouchard, C., Rankinen, T., Knudsen, S., Smith, K., Timmons, J. A., & Atherton, P. J. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/annotation/0dd3671e-1460-48fa-9d6a-2865dce78c07 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Signaling Responses After Varying Sequencing of Strength and Endurance Training in a Fed State
Jones, T. W., Walshe, I. H., Hamilton, D. L., Howatson, G., Russell, M., Price, O. J., Gibson, A. S. C., & French, D. N. (2016) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2015-0534 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hoffman, N. J., Parker, B. L., Chaudhuri, R., Fisher‐Wellman, K. H., Kleinert, M., Humphrey, S. J., Yang, P., Holliday, M., Trefely, S., Fazakerley, D. J., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.10.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Coordinated maintenance of the size control of muscle cells by AMP‐activated protein kinase
Lantier, L., Mounier, R., Leclerc, J., Melki, J., Pende, M., Bertrand, L., Foretz, M., & Viollet, B. (2010) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.801.22
Dreyer, H. C., Fujita, S., Cadenas, J. G., Volpi, E., Rasmussen, B. B., & Protas, E. J. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-200605001-01394
INCOMPATIBILITY OF ENDURANCE AND STRENGHT TRAINING MODES OF EXERCISE
Dudley, G. A., & Djamil, R. (1985) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/00005768-198504000-00018
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Role of Inactivity in Chronic Diseases: Evolutionary Insight and Pathophysiological Mechanisms
Booth, F. W., Roberts, C. K., Thyfault, J. P., Ruegsegger, G. N., & Toedebusch, R. G. (2017) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00019.2016 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Impacts from Pathogenesis to Lifestyle Modifications
Caturano, A., D’Angelo, M., Mormone, A., Russo, V., Mollica, M. P., Salvatore, T., Galiero, R., Rinaldi, L., Vetrano, E., Marfella, R., et al. (2023) · Current Issues in Molecular Biology · doi:10.3390/cimb45080420 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
“The CE protocol typically combines CMIE with RE within the same training session [116].”
MethodResistance exercise as a treatment for sarcopenia: prescription and delivery
Hurst, C., Robinson, S. M., Witham, M. D., Dodds, R. M., Granic, A., Buckland, C., Biase, S. D., Finnegan, S., Rochester, L., Skelton, D. A., et al. (2022) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afac003 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
“In the context of exercise training, the principle of specificity refers to the idea that acute training responses and chronic training adaptations are tightly coupled to the stimulus derived from the exercise performed [27].”
BackgroundEgan, B., & Sharples, A. P. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00054.2021 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
The Role of AMPK in the Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Size, Hypertrophy, and Regeneration
Thomson, D. M. (2018) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms19103125 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
“, through endurance exercise training) significantly impacts mTOR signaling and/or protein synthesis [115].”
BackgroundThe General Adaptation Syndrome: A Foundation for the Concept of Periodization
Cunanan, A. J., DeWeese, B. H., Wagle, J. P., Carroll, K. M., Sausaman, R. W., Hornsby, W. G., Haff, G. G., Triplett, N. T., Pierce, K. C., & Stone, M. H. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0855-3 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals
Furrer, R., Hawley, J. A., & Handschin, C. (2023) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00017.2022 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Self-citationExercise adaptations: molecular mechanisms and potential targets for therapeutic benefit
McGee, S. L., & Hargreaves, M. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-020-0377-1 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Physical Performance in Athletes and Physically Active Individuals
Marttinen, M., Ala‐Jaakkola, R., Laitila, A., & Lehtinen, M. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12102936 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
“Trained athletes and untrained individuals differ in their physiological responses to exercise [66], which can result in controversial results among different study populations.”
BackgroundResultSchumann, M., Feuerbacher, J. F., Sünkeler, M., Freitag, N., Rønnestad, B. R., Doma, K., & Lundberg, T. R. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01587-7 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Gäbler, M., Prieske, O., Hortobágyi, T., & Granacher, U. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01057 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“According to Coffey and Hawley (2017), “untrained individuals have a greater capacity to activate the molecularmachinery inmuscle in response to contractile activity, because any overload stimulus induces large perturbations to cellular homeostasis regardless of the mode of exercise.””
BackgroundJNK regulates muscle remodeling via myostatin/SMAD inhibition
Lessard, S. J., MacDonald, T. L., Pathak, P., Han, M. S., Coffey, V. G., Edge, J., Rivas, D. A., Hirshman, M. F., Davis, R. J., & Goodyear, L. J. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-05439-3 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-citationStone, M. H., Hornsby, W. G., Haff, G. G., Fry, A. C., Suarez, D. G., Liu, J., González‐Ravé, J. M., & Pierce, K. C. (2021) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004050 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“For example, especially during an accumulation phase, evidence indicates that simultaneously training for endurance, strength, explosiveness, and speed can mute the adaptations for strength and particularly for explosiveness and speed (29,62,64,76,84,130,131,154,180).”
BackgroundA Brief Review on Concurrent Training: From Laboratory to the Field
Methenitis, S. K. (2018) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports6040127 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
“Concerning these controversial results, it has been recently suggested that the training experience and the inter-individual responses are the most important factors [19,33,46], even if there is strong evidence that individual gene responses could not explain the chronic training induced physiological and muscle morph…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialRegulation of Energy Substrate Metabolism in Endurance Exercise
Alghannam, A. F., Ghaith, M. M., & Alhussain, M. H. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18094963 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
“In exercise physiology, exercise can be broadly characterized as either low load, high repetition (endurance activities) or high load, low repetition (weight or resistance training) [40,41], and both exercise modalities are commonly incorporated into training programs at various times or stages [42].”
BackgroundBlood flow restriction training and the high-performance athlete: science to application
Pignanelli, C., Christiansen, D., & Burr, J. F. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00982.2020 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Physical training considerations for optimizing performance in essential military tasks
Vaara, J. P., Groeller, H., Drain, J. R., Kyröläinen, H., Pihlainen, K., Ojanen, T., Connaboy, C., Santtila, M., Agostinelli, P. J., & Nindl, B. C. (2021) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2021.1930193 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“…of the participants induced no improvement (Hendrickson et al., 2010) compared to untrained subjects (Harman et al., 2008), which is congruent with Coffey and Hawley (2017) reporting that untrained participants seem to benefit from concurrent training similarly when compared to training each mode…”
BackgroundResultBennie, J. A., Teychenne, M. J., De Cocker, K., & Biddle, S. J. H. (2019) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2019.02.022 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Sabag, A., Najafi, A., Michael, S., Esgin, T., Halaki, M., & Hackett, D. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1464636 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“A recent review suggested the interference effect primarily manifests in moderate to highly trained individuals and is also dependent on the training program length (Coffey & Hawley, 2017).”
BackgroundMechanical and morphological determinants of peak power output in elite cyclists
Kordi, M., Folland, J. P., Goodall, S., Haralabidis, N., Maden‐Wilkinson, T., Patel, T. S., Leeder, J., Barratt, P., & Howatson, G. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13570 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Bagheri, R., Moghadam, B. H., Church, D. D., Tinsley, G. M., Eskandari, M., Moghadam, B. H., Motevalli, M. S., Baker, J. S., Robergs, R. A., & Wong, A. (2020) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2020.110869 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
van der Zwaard, S., van der Laarse, W. J., Weide, G., Bloemers, F. W., Hofmijster, M. J., Levels, K., Noordhof, D. A., de Koning, J. J., de Ruiter, C. J., & Jaspers, R. T. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700827r · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Increasing both fiber size and oxidative capacity is commonly endeavored in sports and rehabilitation training, but with limited success (24).”
BackgroundMuñoz-Martínez, F. A., Rubio-Arias, J. Á., Ramos-Campo, D. J., & Alcaraz, P. E. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0773-4 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
“Importantly, the specificity of the molecular training responses with divergent exercise modes and the time course over which these events occur provide the essential context in which concurrent training adaptation and performance outcomes should be evaluated [65].”
BackgroundConcurrent Training and Detraining: brief Review on the Effect of Exercise Intensities
Sousa, A. C., Neiva, H. P., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., Alves, A. R., & Marinho, D. A. (2019) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-0975-9471 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
“Thus, the degree of the interference effect can vary depending on depending on how the training variables are configured [21, 23].”
BackgroundHuiberts, R. O., Wüst, R. C. I., & van der Zwaard, S. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01943-9 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…concurrent training, untrained individuals are expected to elicit generic adaptations to both strength and endurance training with additive effects [23], that is, untrained individuals may even increase their muscle size after endurance training [151] or their oxidative capacity after strength…”
InfluentialNeto, J. H. F., & Kennedy, M. D. (2019) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports7020033 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“When these components are trained together, it is believed that an interference effect would occur and adaptations to each training mode would be limited [44].”
BackgroundRamos‐Campo, D. J., Andreu‐Caravaca, L., Martínez-Rodríguez, A., & Rubio‐Arias, J. Á. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10050377 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
“, concurrent training) as part of a periodized training program [7].”
BackgroundKostikiadis, I. N., Methenitis, S. K., Τσούκος, Α., Veligekas, P., Terzis, G. D., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Wang, X., Soh, K. G., Samsudin, S., Deng, N., Liu, X., Zhao, Y., & Akbar, S. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0295531 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Petré, H., Hemmingsson, E., Rosdahl, H., & Psilander, N. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01426-9 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Fyfe, J. J., Bishop, D. J., Bartlett, J. D., Hanson, E. D., Anderson, M. J., Garnham, A. P., & Stepto, N. K. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-18887-6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
“…regarding the progression of adaptation with concurrent versus single-mode training, suggesting early adaptation to combined resistance and endurance training may initially be complimentary, whereas longer-term training exacerbates interference to hallmark resistance training adaptations 52 .”
BackgroundDouglas, J. M., Pearson, S. N., Ross, A., & McGuigan, M. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002772 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“tocols (10); however, the additional neural stimulation with”
Fyfe, J. J., & Loenneke, J. P. (2017) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-017-0812-1 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
“The influence of training status on the capacity of an individual to adapt to a given exercise stimulus, as well as the associated implications for the specificity of training adaptation, suggest that interference effects likely progress during a given concurrent training program [23].”
BackgroundVECHIN, F. C., Conceição, M. S., Telles, G. D., Libardi, C. A., & Ugrinowitsch, C. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01421-6 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“, running or cycling), exercise order (HIIT-RT or RT-HIIT), previous training experience, intervention duration, between-individual variability and high variability of the prescribed training protocols, can modulate the occurrence of the interference effect [1, 6, 11, 17, 23, 44, 47, 56].”
BackgroundLundberg, T. R., Feuerbacher, J. F., Sünkeler, M., & Schumann, M. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01688-x · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Lavin, K. M., Coen, P. M., Baptista, L. C. P., Bell, M. B., Drummer, D. J., Harper, S. A., Lixandrão, M. E., McAdam, J. S., O’Bryan, S. M., Ramos, S. V., et al. (2022) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c200033 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Exercise and the control of muscle mass in human
Francaux, M., & Deldicque, L. (2018) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-018-2217-x · Cited by 61 · see citing works
“Detailed comparisons between endurance and resistance exercise-induced muscle adaptations can be found in [24, 30, 31].”
BackgroundConcurrent Training for Sports Performance: The 2 Sides of the Medal
Berryman, N., Mujika, I., & Bosquet, L. (2018) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2018-0103 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Hostrup, M., Onslev, J., Jacobson, G. A., Wilson, R., & Bangsbo, J. (2017) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jp274970 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…effect of endurance training on the hypertrophic response to β2-agonist treatment remain to be elucidated, but may be related to the fact that endurance training interferes with the growth-promoting signalling (Coffey & Hawley, 2017) induced upon β2-adrenergic stimulation (Koopman et al. 2010).”
BackgroundMolecular aspects of the exercise response and training adaptation in skeletal muscle
Furrer, R., & Handschin, C. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.07.026 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Liu, S. Z., Ali, A. S., Campbell, M. D., Kilroy, K., Shankland, E. G., Roshanravan, B., Marcinek, D. J., & Conley, K. E. (2018) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12318 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“However, combining training modes to treat both declines simultaneously typically yields a lower response than either mode applied separately.(4,5)”
BackgroundThiele, D., Prieske, O., Chaabène, H., & Granacher, U. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1745502 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“…which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. trained individuals (Coffey & Hawley, 2017; García-pallarés & Izquierdo, 2011).”
BackgroundBarahona-Fuentes, G. D. F., Ojeda, Á. H., & Ríos, L. J. C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18189477 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“The causes may be the possible physiological interferences that aerobic training would cause on the hypertrophy and muscular strength induced by strength training [69].”
Backgroundvan der Zwaard, S., Weide, G., Levels, K., Eikelboom, M. L., Noordhof, D. A., Hofmijster, M. J., van der Laarse, W. J., de Koning, J. J., de Ruiter, C. J., & Jaspers, R. T. (2018) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1439434 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“When athletes perform concurrent endurance and resistance training, muscle hypertrophy and strength gains induced by resistance training are compromised (Coffey & Hawley, 2017; Hickson, 1980).”
BackgroundBouamra, M., Zouhal, H., Ratel, S., Makhlouf, I., Bezrati, I., Chtara, M., Behm, D. G., Granacher, U., & Chaouachi, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.869063 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“As seen by Coffey and Hawley (2017) “untrained individuals have a greater capacity to activate the molecular machinery in muscle in response to contractile activity, because any overload stimulus induces large perturbations to cellular homeostasis regardless of the mode of exercise”.”
BackgroundPoblete-Aro, C., Russell‐Guzmán, J., Parra, P., Muñoz, M. E. S., González, B. E. V., Cofré-Bolados, C., & Herrera-Valenzuela, T. (2018) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872018000300362 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Rad, M. M., Bijeh, N., Hosseini, S. R. A., & Saeb, A. R. (2020) · Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1080/13813455.2020.1829649 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“However, some further studies have shown that seemingly IEP is modified by continuing the CT sessions and it does not hinder to improve strength and endurance in the CT programs for the purpose of maintaining and improving the health (Coffey and Hawley 2017, Murlasits et al. 2018).”
BackgroundBurley, S. D., Drain, J. R., Sampson, J. A., Nindl, B. C., & Groeller, H. (2020) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2020.03.005 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Lee, M. J.-C., Ballantyne, J. K., Chagolla, J., Hopkins, W. G., Fyfe, J. J., Phillips, S. M., Bishop, D. J., & Bartlett, J. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0233134 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Hartono, F. A., Martin-Arrowsmith, P. W., Peeters, W., & Churchward‐Venne, T. A. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01620-9 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“, cycling or running) is characterized by a high repetition and low-resistance demand for muscle contraction [1, 6].”
BackgroundInfluentialPrieto-González, P., & Sedláček, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710773 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Third, according to Coffey and Hawley (2017) and Fyfe and Loenneke (2018), the practice of divergent exercise (i.e., strength and endurance) by untrained or recreationally active individuals induced similar increased anabolic signaling in skeletal muscle during the first weeks of training [1,22].”
BackgroundInfluentialThomas, A. C. Q., Stead, C. A., Burniston, J. G., & Phillips, S. M. (2024) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.08.010 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Prieske, O., Dalager, T., Herz, M., Hortobágyi, T., Sjøgaard, G., Søgaard, K., & Granacher, U. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01179-6 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“, interference effect) particularly with increasing training experience [68].”
BackgroundJessen, S., Onslev, J., Lemminger, A. K., Backer, V., Bangsbo, J., & Hostrup, M. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13221 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kamandulis, S., Leite, F. D. S., Hernández, A., Katz, A., Brazaitis, M., Bruton, J. D., Venckūnas, T., Masiulis, N., Mickevičienė, D., Eimantas, N., et al. (2017) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.201700019r · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“F 1⁄4 Fmax 3 Ca2þ N i 3 Ca2þ N i þ CaN50 ; (2)”
Arazi, H., & Eghbali, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2021.660150 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Molecular mechanisms for the oxidative metabolism in skeletal muscle and hypertrophy adaptations due to exercise are diverse and possibly contradictory (80, 81).”
BackgroundAerobic Adaptations to Resistance Training: The Role of Time under Tension
Mang, Z. A., Ducharme, J. B., Mermier, C. M., Kravitz, L. R., Magalhães, F. D. C., & Amorim, F. T. (2022) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1664-8701 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Filipovic, A., DeMarees, M., Grau, M., Hollinger, A., Seeger, B., Schiffer, T., Bloch, W., & Gehlert, S. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01187 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“We further have to assume that regular soccer training, associated with high energy turnover in muscle, will at least partly inhibit mTOR-related signaling (Coffey and Hawley, 2017) and prevent substantial increases in mTOR and p70s6k protein.”
BackgroundHooren, B. V., Aagaard, P., & Blazevich, A. J. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02110-4 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Tinsley, G. M., Trexler, E. T., Smith‐Ryan, A. E., Paoli, A., Graybeal, A. J., Campbell, B. I., & Schoenfeld, B. J. (2018) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002758 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“There is evidence of a chronic interference effect when high volumes of aerobic exercise and resistance training are performed in tandem, whereby muscular gains are ultimately compromised because of alterations in intracellular signaling and fatigue (11).”
BackgroundRong, W., Soh, K. G., Samsudin, S., Zhao, Y., Ma, H., & Zhang, X. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-03070-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Pharmacological targeting of exercise adaptations in skeletal muscle: Benefits and pitfalls
Weihrauch, M., & Handschin, C. (2017) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2017.10.006 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“Depending on the amount and modality of concurrent EE with RE, EE could hamper the hypertrophic response of the body to RE via the so-called “exercise interference” effect [5].”
BackgroundBranco, B. H. M., Valladares, D., de Oliveira, F. M., Carvalho, I. Z., Marques, D. C. D. S., Coelho, A. A., de Oliveira, L. P., & Bertolini, S. M. M. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2019.01013 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Rivers, R. J., & Meininger, C. J. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24065181 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“Exercise generates high concentrations of CO2 in the skeletal muscle, and CO2 stimulates PGC-1α [77,78].”
BackgroundPetré, H., Löfving, P., & Psilander, N. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Spiliopoulou, P., Zaras, N. D., Methenitis, S. K., Papadimas, G. K., Papadopoulos, C., Bogdanis, G. C., & Terzis, G. D. (2019) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003172 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“The larger training volume in PTC might have resulted in greater acute or chronic fatigue and subsequent inhibition of resistance training–induced adaptations for strength/power performance, as recently suggested (11).”
BackgroundHedt, C. A., McCulloch, P. C., Harris, J. D., & Lambert, B. S. (2022) · Arthroscopy Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.asmr.2021.09.024 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Zapata‐Lamana, R., Henríquez‐Olguín, C., Burgos, C., Meneses‐Valdés, R., Cigarroa, I., Soto, C., Fernández-Elías, V. E., García-Merino, S., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García‐Hermoso, A., et al. (2018) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01287 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“The combination of exercise modalities could modify the training-induced outcomes (Coffey and Hawley, 2017).”
Backgroundمقدم, ب. ه., Bagheri, R., Ashtary‐Larky, D., Tinsley, G. M., Eskandari, M., Wong, A., مقدم, ب. ه., Kreider, R. B., & Baker, J. S. (2020) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1431-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
“In addition, the AMPK signaling cascade has been considered to be a major pathway through which ET may interfere with RT-induced muscle hypertrophy and strength in the context of CT (17).”
San Juan, A. F., Dominguez, R., Lago-Rodríguez, Á., Montoya, J. J., Tan, R., & Bailey, S. J. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12082227 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Protein Availability and Satellite Cell Dynamics in Skeletal Muscle
Shamim, B., Hawley, J. A., & CAMERA, D. M. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0883-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationWeight Training and Risk of 10 Common Types of Cancer
Mazzilli, K. M., Matthews, C. E., Salerno, E. A., & Moore, S. C. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001987 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Telles, G. D., Libardi, C. A., Conceição, M. S., VECHIN, F. C., Lixandrão, M. E., de Andrade, A. L. L., Guedes, D. N., Ugrinowitsch, C., & CAMERA, D. M. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002632 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Shamim, B., Devlin, B. L., Timmins, R. G., Tofari, P. J., Dow, C. L., Coffey, V. G., Hawley, J. A., & CAMERA, D. M. (2018) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-018-0999-9 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationPosnakidis, G., Aphamis, G., Giannaki, C. D., Mougios, V., Aristotelous, P., Samoutis, G., & Bogdanis, G. C. (2020) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000003516 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“Thismay be due to the concurrent training effect, where hypertrophic signals in the muscle, such as the mTOR pathway, are inhibited by an increase in AMPK pathway signaling (10).”
BackgroundDietary Patterns, Gut Microbiota and Sports Performance in Athletes: A Narrative Review
Chen, Y., Yang, K., Xu, M., Zhang, Y., Weng, X., Luo, J., Li, Y., & Mao, Y.-H. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16111634 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“…have been studied in athletes and physically active populations, the small number of participants, the different exercise intervention programs implemented, and the different training histories of the participants may have influenced the outcomes [61]; therefore, the results remain controversial.”
ResultBenítez‐Flores, S., Medeiros, A. R., Voltarelli, F. A., Iglesias‐Soler, E., Doma, K., Simões, H. G., Rosa, T. D. S., & Boullosa, D. A. (2019) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-019-04125-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
de Souza, R. A. S., da Silva, A. G., de Souza, M. F., Souza, L. K. F., Roschel, H., da Silva, S. F., & Saunders, B. (2021) · International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism · doi:10.1123/ijsnem.2020-0223 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Exercise shapes redox signaling in cancer
Assi, M., Dufresne, S., & Rébillard, A. (2020) · Redox Biology · doi:10.1016/j.redox.2020.101439 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Adami, P. E., Rocchi, J. E., Melke, N., VITO, G. D., Bernardi, M., & Macaluso, A. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04858-3 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Exercise and physical activity in cirrhosis: opportunities or perils
Bellar, A., Welch, N., & Dasarathy, S. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00798.2019 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Ghanemi, A., Melouane, A., Yoshioka, M., & St‐Amand, J. (2020) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes11080875 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“, endurance-based exercise and resistance-based exercise [85].”
Anderson, L. J., Drust, B., Close, G. L., & Morton, J. P. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2044135 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A significant inhibitor of the Akt-mTOR pathway activation is frequently cited as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (Baar, 2014; Coffey & Hawley, 2017; Fyfe et al., 2014; Hawley, 2009), which when phosphorylated activates the downstream target PGC-1α (Puigserver & Spiegelman, 2003).”
BackgroundDenham, J. (2023) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13836 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Although endurance training enhances skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and improves cardiorespiratory fitness, resistance training invokes conflicting signalling cascades through mTOR (Coffey & Hawley, 2017; Hawley et al., 2014; Ogasawara et al., 2019).”
BackgroundKhalafi, M., Kheradmand, S., Maleki, A. H., Symonds, M. E., Rosenkranz, S. K., & Batrakoulis, A. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13070776 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
The effect of two types of combined training on bio-motor ability adaptations in sedentary females
Nobarı, H., Ahmadi, M., Sá, M., Pérez‐Gómez, J., Clemente, F. M., Adsuar, J. C., Minasian, V., & Afonso, J. R. (2021) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.20.11736-5 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Markov, A., Chaabène, H., Hauser, L., Behm, S., Bloch, W., Puta, C., & Granacher, U. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01615-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Other important factors that might (partly) explain the conflicting findings in the literature are the complexity of the underpinning mechanisms of adaptations as well as factors such as the rest between AE and SE and type of SE/AE [4, 12, 36].”
BackgroundBennie, J. A., Ding, D., Khan, A., Stamatakis, E. A., Biddle, S., & Kim, J. (2018) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487318817899 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Several systemic reviews of clinical exercise studies have shown that, compared with one activity mode alone, concurrent MVPA–MSE has favourable effects on insulin sensitivity,(11,39) lipid/glucose metabolism,(12) 40 and improved athletic performance.(41) These positive physiological consequences are likely to be asso…”
BackgroundZaki, S., Sharma, S. R., & Vats, H. (2023) · Physiotherapy Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/09593985.2023.2225717 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“The CET is a type of combined exercise training that consists of AT and RT in the same session (Coffey and Hawley, 2017; Rad, Bijeh, Hosseini, and Saeb, 2023).”
Bagheri, R., Kargarfard, M., Sadeghi, R., Scott, D. S., & CAMERA, D. M. (2023) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2236053 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“in trained individuals similar to those in our study [11].”
ResultPoton, R., Polito, M. D., & Farinatti, P. (2016) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1267389 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“However, the magnitude of this response seems to be related to the intensity of training (Coffey & Hawley, 2016).”
BackgroundProtein Supplementation Does Not Augment Adaptations to Endurance Exercise Training
Jonvik, K. L., Paulussen, K. J. M., Danen, S. L., Ceelen, I. J. M., Horstman, A. M. H., Wardenaar, F. C., van Loon, L. J. C., & van Dijk, J. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002028 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Elite Road vs. Trail Runners: Comparing Economy, Biomechanics, Strength, and Power
Pastor, F. S., Besson, T., Berthet, M., Varesco, G., Kennouche, D., Dandrieux, P., Rossi, J., & Millet, G. Y. (2022) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000004226 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Conversely, it is well known that there is an interference effect when combining endurance and resistance training, decreasing the magnitude of the strength adaptations (4).”
BackgroundZaki, S., Alam, M. F., Sharma, S., El‐Ashker, S., Ahsan, M., & Nuhmani, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13133910 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Concurrent exercise training (CET), which incorporates both endurance and strength training in the same workout routine, provides the combined advantages of each type of exercise [11].”
BackgroundExercise and health: historical perspectives and new insights
Hargreaves, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00242.2021 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tan, J., Krasilshchikov, O., Kuan, G., Hashim, H. A., Aldhahi, M. I., Al-Mhanna, S. B., & Badicu, G. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11172443 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“There are differences in the intracellular signaling response between the two types of exercises [11,12].”
BackgroundInfluentialEffects of Task-Specific and Strength Training on Simulated Military Task Performance in Soldiers
Ojanen, T., Häkkinen, K., Hanhikoski, J., & Kyröläinen, H. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17218000 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yan, R., Jia, S., Lu, D., Song, W., Zhang, W., Sun, J., & Li, D. (2025) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1016/j.jnha.2025.100718 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“When these stimuli occur in proximity, AMPK activation may inhibit mTOR activity, thereby attenuating RT-induced hypertrophy and strength development [58].”
Training-Induced Muscle Adaptations During Competitive Preparation in Elite Female Rowers
van der Zwaard, S., Koppens, T. F. P., Weide, G., Levels, K., Hofmijster, M. J., de Koning, J. J., & Jaspers, R. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2021.781942 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
“In general, skeletal muscle adaptations following training are considered to be marginal in highly-trained athletes, especially when resistance training is concurrently performed with endurance training (Coffey and Hawley, 2017).”
BackgroundThe non-modifiable factors age, gender, and genetics influence resistance exercise
Viecelli, C., & Ewald, C. Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging · doi:10.3389/fragi.2022.1005848 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
- Authors
- Coffey, V. G., & Hawley, J. A.
- Affiliations
- Bond University (AU)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Hawley, John A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Physiology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-10-09
- Volume
- 595
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 2883-2896
- ISSN
- 0022-3751 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7793
- PMC
- PMC5407958
- OpenAlex
- W2483560356
- Cited by
- 351
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 42 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 4.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Journal of Physiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Liverpool John Moores University (acceptedVersion)
- Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- e-publications@bond (Bond University) (submittedVersion)
- Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Department of Education and Training
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Keywords
- concurrent training, endurance training, resistance training, interference effects, skeletal muscle, muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, fatigue resistance, gene expression, training history, exercise prescription
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Physiological, Humans, Muscle, Skeletal, Physical Conditioning, Human
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-11.
Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-11.
Cited sources are checked by gpt-6-sol.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
