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The Science of Badminton: Game Characteristics, Anthropometry, Physiology, Visual Fitness and Biomechanics
Abstract
Badminton is a racket sport for two or four people, with a temporal structure characterized by actions of short duration and high intensity. This sport has five events: men's and women's singles, men's and women's doubles, and mixed doubles, each requiring specific preparation in terms of technique, control and physical fitness. Badminton is one of the most popular sports in the world, with 200 million adherents. The decision to include badminton in the 1992 Olympics Game increased participation in the game. This review focuses on the game characteristics, anthropometry, physiology, visual attributes and biomechanics of badminton. Players are generally tall and lean, with an ectomesomorphic body type suited to the high physiological demands of a match. Indeed, a typical match characteristic is a rally time of 7 s and a resting time of 15 s, with an effective playing time of 31%. This sport is highly demanding, with an average heart rate (HR) of over 90% of the player's maximal HR. The intermittent actions during a game are demanding on both the aerobic and anaerobic systems: 60-70% on the aerobic system and approximately 30% on the anaerobic system, with greater demand on the alactic metabolism with respect to the lactic anaerobic metabolism. The shuttlecock has an atypical trajectory, and the players perform specific movements such as lunging and jumping, and powerful strokes using a specific pattern of movement. Lastly, badminton players are visually fit, picking up accurate visual information in a short time. Knowledge of badminton can help to improve coaching and badminton skills.
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“High-intensity sports, such as badminton, require advanced technical, tactical, physical, and psychological skills (Birrer & Morgan, 2010; Lees, 2003; Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015).”
From Integrated mindfulness-based intervention: Effects on mindfulness skills, cognitive interference and performance satisfaction of young elite badminton players. (2020) · cites this paper as Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015
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Items 101–200 of 532
Deng, N., Soh, K. G., Abdullah, B., & Huang, D. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28051 · Cited by 15
“Enhancing speed performance holds significant advantages for badminton players, as it improves their ability to move quickly, react effectively, and maintain pressure on opponents throughout a match [3].”
BackgroundPhomsoupha, M., & Laffaye, G. (2017) · The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0000000000002397 · Cited by 15
Self-citationNathan, S., Salimin, N., & Shahril, M. I. (2018) · Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences · doi:10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.94 · Cited by 14
“This notion supported with the findings by (Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015) indicated the badminton learners or players should be tall, lean with an ecto-mesomorphic body type suited to the high physiological demands of a match.”
BackgroundResultShi, W., Lai, J. H. K., Chau, C. K., Wong, P. Y. L., & Edwards, D. J. (2021) · Facilities · doi:10.1108/f-10-2020-0119 · Cited by 15
Jaworski, J., Lech, G., Żak, M., Witkowski, K., & Piepiora, P. A. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1110164 · Cited by 15
“The analysis of the effective playing time revealed that the energy is largely fueled by aerobic pathways (around 60–70%), while around 30% of the energy is generated from anaerobic processes (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundPerformance analysis in wheelchair para-badminton matches
Ribeiro, W. D. O. M. (2020) · International Journal of Racket Sports Science · doi:10.30827/digibug.63718 · Cited by 14
“These results are in agreement with what was observed previously on conventional badminton matches, ranging between 27% (AbianVicen et al., 2013) and 32% (Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundMethodResultFernández-Fernández, J., López‐Valenciano, A., Coso, J. D., Gallo–Salazar, C., Barbado, D., Sabido, R., Ruiz‐Pérez, I., Moreno-Pérez, V., Domínguez-Díez, M., & Cabello‐Manrique, D. (2018) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2018.11.004 · Cited by 13
Shen, S., Lam, W., Teng, J., Jia, S., Baker, J. S., Ugbolue, U. C., Fekete, G., & Gu, Y. (2022) · Journal of Foot and Ankle Research · doi:10.1186/s13047-022-00531-w · Cited by 13
“Badminton requires athletes to perform substantial explosive movements on joint loading [29, 30], which could be related to various extremely rapid and intense activities during the game [31].”
BackgroundBiomechanical effects of exercise fatigue on the lower limbs of men during the forward lunge
Gao, L., Ye, J., Kovács, B., Radak, Z. O., Mao, Z., & Gu, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2023.1182833 · Cited by 13
“The muscle performance during extended exercise is unknown, although experienced gym athletes show greater muscular strength and better joint coordination compared to novice, which helps to minimize redundancy in force production through joint coordination and employing muscle power effectively (Phomsoupha and Laffaye…”
BackgroundGhorpade, O. S., Rizvi, M. R., Sharma, A., Almutairi, H. J., Ahmad, F., Hasan, S., Shaik, A. R., Seyam, M. K., Uddin, S., Nanjan, S., et al. (2024) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-024-00962-x · Cited by 13
Iizuka, T., Ohiwa, N., Atomi, T., Shimizu, M., & Atomi, Y. (2020) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports8110147 · Cited by 13
“The Japan Open 2013 was one of the 12 Badminton World Federation Super Series tournaments, which were widely regarded as badminton competitions with the highest standards worldwide [9].”
BackgroundAIR-BT, a new badminton-specific incremental easy-to-use test
Abián‐Vicén, J., Bravo‐Sànchez, A., & Abián, P. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257124 · Cited by 13
“Several fatigue-specific incremental field tests developed for badminton players have been reported in the literature [5].”
BackgroundChua, M. T., Chow, K. M., Lum, D., Tay, A. W. H., Goh, W. X., Ihsan, M., & Aziz, A. R. (2021) · Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology · doi:10.3390/jfmk6040081 · Cited by 17
“The SMP, excluding the warm-up, lasted for a total duration of ~35 min, which is approximately the duration of one set of competitive match play (depending on category) [1].”
BackgroundInfluentialChen, Y., Hsu, J.-H., Tai, D. H.-L., & Yao, Z. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010468 · Cited by 20
“Badminton is recognized as the fastest racket sport in the world based on the speed of the birdie [1] which can travel as fast as 426 km per hour, as booked in the Guinness World Record.”
BackgroundBadminton-related eye injuries: a systematic review
Hoskin, A. K., Watson, S. L., & Kamalden, T. A. (2022) · Injury Prevention · doi:10.1136/ip-2022-044564 · Cited by 13
Badminton stroke classification based on accelerometer data: from individual to generalized models
Peralta, D., Herbruggen, B. V., Fontaine, J., Debyser, W., Wieme, J., & Poorter, E. D. (2022) · IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · doi:10.1109/bigdata55660.2022.10020984 · Cited by 15
“Badminton, being one of the most popular racket sports worldwide, is no exception [1], and many researchers have invested effort into several aspects of the game, such as strategy identification [2], [3], [4], [5] or player tracking [6].”
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Green, R., West, A. T., & Willems, M. E. T. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11020035 · Cited by 12
“[9] in 2015, it was stated that between 60–70% of adenosine triphosphate resynthesis was provided by oxidative sources.”
BackgroundPeng, D., Mao, Z., Zhang, W., Yu, J., & Zhang, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2023.1320404 · Cited by 12
“Badminton is a highly demanding game characterized by high-intensity, intermittent actions (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluence of Torsional Stiffness in Badminton Footwear on Lower Limb Biomechanics
Shen, S., Teng, J., Fekete, G., Mei, Q., Zhao, J. L., Yang, F., & Gu, Y. (2024) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2024.196 · Cited by 13
“…Mohamad, 2022), requiring athletes to perform intermittent abrupt stops, jumps, lunges, and rapid directional changes, thus placing significant demands on the quick reflexes, agile movements, and high-velocity striking abilities (Manrique and Gonzalez-Badillo, 2003; Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundAn analysis of the effect of motor experience on muscle synergy in the badminton jump smash
Pan, Z., Liu, L., Li, X., & Ma, Y. (2024) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/j.humov.2024.103209 · Cited by 14
Vigh-Larsen, J. F., Junge, N., Cialdella-Kam, L. A., Tomás, R., Young, L. T., Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., & Nybo, L. (2024) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000003442 · Cited by 15
Physiological, neuromuscular and perceived exertion responses in badminton games
Phomsoupha, M. (2019) · International Journal of Racket Sports Science · doi:10.30827/digibug.57323 · Cited by 12
Self-citationVial, S., Croft, J. L., Schroeder, R. T., Blazevich, A. J., & Wilkie, J. C. (2020) · International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching · doi:10.1177/1747954120915670 · Cited by 12
“towards a target location has been an essential skill in sports such as squash, tennis and badminton.(2) The skill”
BackgroundTorres‐Luque, G., Blanca-Torres, J. C., Cabello‐Manrique, D., & Kondrič, M. (2020) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2020-0046 · Cited by 12
“These figures are the highest values when taking all competitive levels and even the type of score into account (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015), with the differences being significant in all sets, just like for males, where the last set was longest.”
BackgroundInfluentialNeuromuscular fatigue and muscle damage following a simulated singles badminton match
Lin, Z., Blazevich, A. J., Abbiss, C. R., Wilkie, J. C., & Nosaka, K. (2023) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-023-05148-w · Cited by 12
“With the high frequency of lunges executed during a badminton match (Kuntze et al. 2010; Nadzalan et al. 2018a, b; Phomsoupha and Laffaye 2015), it may be that the more the lunges are performed, the greater the loss of muscle function and DOMS after the match.”
BackgroundDesign and implement a mobile badminton stroke classification system
Lin, J., Chang, C.-W., Wang, C., Chi, H.-C., Yi, C., Tseng, Y., & Wang, C.-C. (2017) · Asia-Pacific Network Operations and Management Symposium (APNOMS) · doi:10.1109/apnoms.2017.8094141 · Cited by 12
Jaworski, J., Lech, G., Ambroży, T., & Żak, M. (2020) · Biomedical Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/bhk-2020-0003 · Cited by 12
“The literature review reveals that studies have placed the most emphasis on the analyses of physiological aspects of players’ level of preparation, strength and conditioning, and the level of somatic characteristics of players at various stages of training and different sports skill levels [28, 29, 32].”
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“The goal of this technique is to direct the shuttlecock towards the opponent’s field with the highest possible velocity [20], [27] and a falling trajectory [1], [27], [31].”
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León-Muñoz, A. D., Priego‐Quesada, J. I., Marzano‐Felisatti, J. M., Sánchez‐Jiménez, J. L., Sendra‐Pérez, C., & Aparicio, I. (2024) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s24144534 · Cited by 12
“In racket sports such as tennis, badminton [6] and padel [7,8], anthropometric differences have been found between both upper limbs.”
BackgroundEpidemiological characteristics of injury in 7–22-year-old badminton players by age and sex
Zhou, X., Imai, K., Liu, X., Chen, Z., Watanabe, E., & Zeng, H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86358-4 · Cited by 11
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Design and research of motion video image analysis system in sports training
Cai, N. (2019) · Multimedia Tools and Applications · doi:10.1007/s11042-019-7374-1 · Cited by 11
RetractedMeningkatkan Backhand Overhead Clear Bulutangkis Dengan Metode Drill
Hendarto, M. H., Januarto, O. B., & Tomi, A. (2022) · Sport Science and Health · doi:10.17977/um062v2i42020p232-238 · Cited by 11
“Bulutangkis adalah olahraga raket yang dimainkan oleh dua orang (tunggal) atau dua pasangan (ganda) yang mengambil posisi berlawanan di bidang lapangan yang dibagi dua oleh sebuah jaring (net) (Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundEffects of fatigue on biomechanics of forehand smash in badminton
Zhang, S. (2020) · Journal of Vibroengineering · doi:10.21595/jve.2020.21467 · Cited by 11
“Badminton is widely favored by people and has become one of the most popular sports in the world [2].”
BackgroundAkdoğan, E., Kanat, E. A., Şimşek, D., Cerrah, A. O., Bıdıl, S., Bayram, İ., & Aktı, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Morphology · doi:10.4067/s0717-95022022000300720 · Cited by 11
“Phomsoupha & Laffaye (2015) stated in their metaa alysis study that the average body fat percentage was 12.85 % in elite male badminton players, and 18.45 % in elite female badminton players, and the body mass index ranged from 18.9 to 23.6 %.”
BackgroundInfluentialVideo summarization for event-centric videos
Li, Q., Chen, J., Xie, Q., & Han, X. (2023) · Neural Networks · doi:10.1016/j.neunet.2023.01.047 · Cited by 11
Yeung, W.-C. V., Bishop, C. J., Turner, A. N., & Maloney, S. J. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0313 · Cited by 11
“In the sport of badminton, the ability to quickly change direction is an important determinant of performance.(5) For example, Tiwari et al.”
BackgroundBadminton player scouting analysis using Frequent Pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm
Ardiantoro, L., & Sunarmi, N. (2020) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1456/1/012023 · Cited by 10
“Badminton is a sport using a racket and a shuttlecock that is struck to pass through a net so that the shuttlecock falls in the opponent's playing field [3].”
BackgroundSasaki, S., Nagano, Y., & Ichikawa, H. (2020) · Sports Biomechanics · doi:10.1080/14763141.2020.1740310 · Cited by 10
Badminton Skills Diagnostic Model (BSDM) Instrument Design: Based on Cybernetic Theory
Donie, D., Yudi, A. A., Yendrizal, Y., Okilanda, A., Edmizal, E., & Muslimin, M. (2022) · International journal of human movement and sports sciences · doi:10.13189/saj.2022.100608 · Cited by 10
Metabolic profile in elite badminton match play and training drills
Edel, A., Vuong, J., Kaufmann, S., Hoos, O., Wiewelhove, T., & Ferrauti, A. (2024) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1002/ejsc.12196 · Cited by 11
“…(ATP) and PCr are depleted after 6–8 s (Dunst, 2020), higher oxidative capacity is necessary to replenish these reserves during breaks, ensuring a sustained high energetic flux throughout the entire match (Beneke et al., 2004; Edel et al., 2019; Hargreaves et al., 2020; Phomsoupha et al., 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialXie, Z., Pan, J., Wu, X., Liang, H., Chen, B., Tan, D., Wu, M., & Huang, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1558918 · Cited by 10
Ma, S., Xue, W., Soh, K. G., Liu, H., Xu, F., Sun, M., li, J., Shi, X., & Wang, X. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01199-y · Cited by 10
“Previous research has highlighted a strong correlation between physiological parameters and badmin-ton performance [61, 62].”
Arifin, A., Januarto, O. B., & Tomi, A. (2022) · Sport Science and Health · doi:10.17977/um062v2i62020p312-322 · Cited by 10
“Phomsoupha & Laffaye (2015) mengemukakan bahwa bola bulutangkis tidak dipantulkan dan harus dimainkan di udara, sehingga permainan ini merupakan permainan cepat yang membutuhkan gerak refleks yang baik dan tingkat kebugaran yang tinggi.”
BackgroundEvaluation of Shoulder and Knee Isokinetic Strength Profile Among Elite Adolescent Badminton Players
Zulfikri, N., Selvanayagam, V. S., & Yusof, A. (2021) · Journal of Sport Rehabilitation · doi:10.1123/jsr.2019-0483 · Cited by 10
PHYSICAL STRENGTH TRAINING METHODS IN BADMINTON TEACHING AND TRAINING
Zhang, L. (2022) · Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte · doi:10.1590/1517-8692202329012022_0253 · Cited by 10
Racquet Sports: Tennis, Badminton, Racquetball, Squash
Wörner, E. A., & Safran, M. R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66321-6_30 · Cited by 10
Entropy of Badminton Strike Positions
Galeano, J., Gómez, M., Rivas, F., & Buldú, J. M. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23070799 · Cited by 10
“Research has widely described the statistical aspects of the temporal structure of badminton matches [1,3,4]: (i) the match duration is about 45–65 minutes; (ii) the average duration of a point is approximately nine seconds; (iii) the number of strokes per point is about 8–10.”
BackgroundSkill Acquisition and Development Issues with Predictable Badminton Feeding Routines
Steve, S. M., Tasker, E., Paine, E., Hughes, T. M., Heiden, C., & Baczala, O. (2022) · International Journal of Physical Education Fitness and Sports · doi:10.34256/ijpefs2213 · Cited by 9
The Characteristics of Badminton-Related Pain in Pre-Adolescent and Adolescent Badminton Players
Zhou, X., Imai, K., Chen, Z., Liu, X., Watanabe, E., & Zeng, H. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10091501 · Cited by 9
Predicting badminton outcomes through machine learning and technical action frequencies
Sheng, Y., Liu, C., Yi, Q., Ouyang, W., Wang, R., & Chen, P. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-87610-7 · Cited by 9
Effects of resistance training on performance in competitive badminton players: a systematic review
Wang, T., Guan, N. Y., Amri, S., Kamalden, T. F. T., & Gao, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1548869 · Cited by 26
Huang, L., Zhang, Y., Gao, S., Lin, J., Zheng, F., & Gu, Y. (2025) · BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1186/s13102-025-01299-9 · Cited by 9
“Badminton is among the most widely practiced sports globally, engaging approximately 200 million participants annually across both recreational and elite levels [1].”
InfluentialSensor-based Badminton Stroke Classification by Machine Learning Methods
Lin, J., Chang, C.-W., İk, T.-U., & Tseng, Y. (2020) · International Conference on Pervasive Artificial Intelligence (ICPAI) · doi:10.1109/icpai51961.2020.00025 · Cited by 9
“Badminton is highly demanding, with an average heart rate (HR) of over 90 % of the player’s maximal HR [10].”
BackgroundRelationship between Somatotype and Physical Fitness: Study on Badminton Athletes of PB Djarum Kudus
Ayuningtyas, N. T., Susanto, H., & Suroto, S. (2021) · Jurnal Keolahragaan · doi:10.21831/jk.v9i1.38147 · Cited by 9
Solanki, H. G., & Gill, M. A. (2021) · International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research · doi:10.52403/ijshr.20210716 · Cited by 9
“The overhead technique is one of the three main categories of badminton strokes, which divided into three strokes drop, clear and smash [1]”
MethodWang, C.-C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.799293 · Cited by 9
“, 2020), as well as physiological and psychological characteristic performances (Alcock and Cable, 2009; Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015), in order to reconstruct the competition information and data analysis results of the new badminton system.”
BackgroundGoh, W. X., & Lee, M. J. C. (2022) · International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport · doi:10.1080/24748668.2022.2029096 · Cited by 9
Silva, I. A., Santos, A. M. D. S., Jiménez‐Maldonado, A., de Moura, H. P. D. S. N., Rossi, P. A. Q., Neves, L. M., dos Santos, M. A. P., Machado, D. D. C. D., Ribeiro, S. L. G., & Rossi, F. E. (2022) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-022-00939-8 · Cited by 12
“1 3 physiological and psychological variables are considered essential characteristics for success during a match [1].”
BackgroundCheng, K.-C., Chiu, Y.-L., Tsai, C., Hsu, Y., & Tsai, Y. (2024) · Sports Health A Multidisciplinary Approach · doi:10.1177/19417381241245908 · Cited by 16
“9,35 In addition to the need for aerobic fitness, players are also required to execute numerous high-speed and -power techniques, such as rapid footwork, precise shots, and powerful smashes, all in a single rally, in their pursuit of victory.”
Jaworski, J., Lech, G., Ambroży, T., & Żak, M. (2020) · Human Movement · doi:10.5114/hm.2021.98459 · Cited by 9
“badminton is one of the fastest racket sports, with maximum shuttlecock flight speed reaching over 400 km/h [1, 23, 24].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNotational Comparison Analysis of Outdoor Badminton Men’s Single and Double Matches
Perez-Turpin, J. A., Elvira-Aranda, C., Cabello‐Manrique, D., Gomis-Gomis, M. J., Llorca, C. S., & Andreu-Cabrera, E. (2020) · Journal of Human Kinetics · doi:10.2478/hukin-2019-0121 · Cited by 13
Prończuk, M., Skalski, D., Łosińska, K. W., Maszczyk, A., & Gołaś, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1634656 · Cited by 8
“Explosive lower-limb actions, such as countermovement jumps (CMJ) and reactive hops, are essential components of high-performance movement in court-based sports like badminton, where rapid accelerations, decelerations, and direction changes are decisive for match outcomes (1, 2).”
Wearable sensing for badminton stroke recognition with one-dimensional convolutional neural network
Jin, G., & Xin, L. I. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-25158-2 · Cited by 8
Survey of Physical Fitness Levels of Badminton Athletes in Binjai City, Indonesia
Winata, D. C., & P.A, B. M. (2021) · JUMORA Jurnal Moderasi Olahraga · doi:10.53863/mor.v1i02.228 · Cited by 8
“…of badminton, efforts to achieve badminton must be continuously encouraged and improved to maintain and improve the achievements that have been obtained, in order to bring the fragrant name of the Indonesian State at the world level (Cinthuja et al., 2015; Luo, 2019; Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015).”
Xu, X., Korobeynikov, G., Han, W., Dutchak, M., Nikonorov, D., Zhao, M., & Mischenko, V. S. (2023) · Слобожанський науково-спортивний вісник · doi:10.15391/snsv.2023-2.002 · Cited by 8
The Impact of Sex and Biological Maturation on Physical Fitness in Adolescent Badminton Players
Fernández-Fernández, J., Herrero-Molleda, A., Álvarez-Dacal, F., Hernández‐Davó, J. L., & Granacher, U. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11100191 · Cited by 8
“As an intermittent sport, badminton is characterized by repetitive short periods of exercise (i.e., 1–9 s) and recovery (i.e., low-intensity activities such as standing and walking for 6–15 s) interspersed with longer breaks in play (i.e., “time outs” of 120 s between games) [6].”
BackgroundWee, E. H., Low, J. Y., Chan, K. Q., & Ler, H. Y. (2019) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-14526-2_13 · Cited by 11
Analisis Koordinasi Teknik Jump Smash Pemain Bulutangkis PB. Formula Padang Panjang
Isra, Z., & Asnaldi, A. (2020) · Jurnal Kepelatihan Olahraga · doi:10.17509/jko-upi.v12i1.24013 · Cited by 8
Are Technical and Timing Components in Para-Badminton Classifications Different?
Strapasson, A. M. (2021) · International Journal of Racket Sports Science · doi:10.30827/digibug.70279 · Cited by 8
“Varying the types of services cause unpredictability and makes it difficult for the opponent to return them (Phomsoupha & Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialKinetics Analysis of Overhead Standing Smash in Badminton
Rusdiana, A., Subarjah, H., Badruzaman, B., Budiman, D., Wibowo, R., Nurjaya, D. R., Pramutadi, A., Mustari, A., Kusdinar, Y., & Syahid, A. M. (2021) · JURNAL PENDIDIKAN JASMANI DAN OLAHRAGA · doi:10.17509/jpjo.v6i1.32577 · Cited by 8
Matching Learning Tasks With Students’ Conative Stages in Badminton: Effects on Situational Interest
Roure, C., & Dieu, O. (2022) · Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport · doi:10.1080/02701367.2021.2015060 · Cited by 8
Design of Badminton Training Robot with Athlete Detection
Avila, J. L. O., Pineda, A. D., Rodriguez, J. D., & Carrasco, A. M. (2022) · International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE) · doi:10.1109/iccre55123.2022.9770263 · Cited by 8
A Study of Youth Badminton Players’ Participation Motivation and Relate Elements*
Zeng, H. Z., Meng, W.-Y., Sun, P., & Xie, L.-S. (2017) · IOSR Journal of Sports and Physical Education · doi:10.9790/6737-04034454 · Cited by 11
“In terms of the features of badminton competition, researchers and scholars described as: the shuttlecock has an nonconforming path and the players perform particular movements such as lunging, jumping and powerful hits using a precise pattern of movement [5].”
BackgroundInfluentialWylde, M. J., Lee, M. B. C., Yong, L. C., & Callaway, A. J. (2018) · Journal of Trainology · doi:10.17338/trainology.7.2_34 · Cited by 8
An Authentic Badminton Game Performance Assessment Rubric
Casebolt, K. M., & Zhang, P. (2020) · Strategies · doi:10.1080/08924562.2019.1680329 · Cited by 8
Suppiah, P. K., Joummy, A. J., Samsir, M. S., Mariappan, M., Noordin, H., & Azmi, A. M. N. (2020) · Lecture notes in bioengineering · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_5 · Cited by 8
Wu, K.-C., Lee, Y.-L., & Chen, S.-C. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1415693 · Cited by 7
“Furthermore, experienced athletes have better perceived time than novice athletes (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundYe, B., Zhu, H., Yang, Z., He, Z., Liu, G., Pan, H., & Guo, H. (2024) · Life · doi:10.3390/life14080944 · Cited by 7
“The evaluation system and assigned weights proved to enhance the accuracy and objectivity of fitness assessments, demonstrating significant practical value in athlete training and development.”
BackgroundYuan, S., Lu, Z., Tan, S., Zhang, Z., Jing, S., Liu, H., Zhou, Z., & Bao, D. (2025) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2025.1491661 · Cited by 7
Wen, J., Xu, D., Zhou, H., Zhang, Z., Xiang, L., Munivrana, G., & Gu, Y. (2025) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s25082536 · Cited by 7
“As a high-speed, high-skill, and highly competitive sport, badminton demands high physical fitness from its athletes [1].”
Guo, C., & Xu, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-08101-3 · Cited by 7
“In badminton, the ability to quickly change direction is an important determinant of performance 1 .”
Badmintoncularda Life Kinetik Antrenmanlarının Bazı Koordinatif Yetenekler Üzerine Etkisi
Muhammed Ali, K. U. R. T., & Çolak, M. (2022) · Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.38021/asbid.1199511 · Cited by 7
Badminton: An Attempt to Improve Playing Skills by Utilizing Training Media
Chaeroni, A., Fitriadi, F., Surur, M., & Gusril, G. (2023) · International journal of human movement and sports sciences · doi:10.13189/saj.2023.110315 · Cited by 7
Wiriawan, O., Rusdiawan, A., Kusuma, D. A., Firmansyah, A., García-Jiménez, J. V., Zein, M. I., Pavlović, R., Nowak, A. M., Susanto, N., & Pranoto, A. (2024) · Retos · doi:10.47197/retos.v54.103783 · Cited by 7
Aziz, A. R., Lim, D., Sahrom, S. B., Muhamed, A. M. C., Ihsan, M., Girard, O., & Chia, M. (2019) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.07.014 · Cited by 7
Mighfaruddin, M., Januarto, O. B., & Fitriady, G. (2022) · Sport Science and Health · doi:10.17977/um062v2i72020p340-349 · Cited by 7
“Sedangkan Phomsoupha & Laffaye (2015) juga menyebutkan bahwa bulutangkis merupakan olahraga yang eksplosif yang melibatkan beberapa unsur gerakan, baik itu kelincahan, kecepatan, kekuatan, ataupun reaksi.”
BackgroundPraja, H. N., Yudha, R. P., Sundari, S., & Nugroho, W. A. (2020) · Kinestetik Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani · doi:10.33369/jk.v4i2.12543 · Cited by 7
“…the movement to reach the arm to simulate stroke execution, the middle semi-squat position (Loureiro and Freitas, 2012), fast full-body movement to the front and back of the hand (i.e. lunges) (Hong et al., 2014; Kuntze et al., 2010) and visual cues (Lees, 2003; Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015).”
BackgroundInfluentialJamali, M. N. Z. M., Selvanayagam, V. S., Hamid, M. S. A., & Yusof, A. (2021) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.1080/00913847.2021.1930241 · Cited by 7
“shots (speed and power) [2], rally time [3] and trajectories of the shuttlecock [4].”
BackgroundLim, A. T., Lim, J., Girard, O., Aziz, A. R., Tan, F. H. Y., & Ihsan, M. (2023) · Science & Sports · doi:10.1016/j.scispo.2021.10.009 · Cited by 7
Fernández-Fernández, J., López‐Valenciano, A., García-Tormo, J. V., Cabello‐Manrique, D., & García-López, J. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2020-0659 · Cited by 7
Guo, S. Z., Mohamad, N. I., Zakaria, J., Yu, L., & Malek, N. F. A. (2021) · Journal of Physics Conference Series · doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1793/1/012059 · Cited by 7
“The main features of badminton games are uncertainty and rapid change [7] such as badminton flight speed and falling position are uncertain.”
BackgroundSheng, Y., Yi, Q., Gómez-Ruano, M.-Á., & Chen, P. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.802179 · Cited by 7
“the dynamics of scoring performance) (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015; Barreira et al., 2016; Chiminazzo et al., 2018; Gómez-Ruano et al., 2020a).”
BackgroundMethodPhysiological Characteristics of Indonesian Junior Badminton Players: Men's Double Category
APRIANTONO, T. A., Herman, I., Winata, B., Hidayat, I. I., Hasan, M. F., Juniarsyah, A. D., & Ihsani, S. I. (2020) · International journal of human movement and sports sciences · doi:10.13189/saj.2020.080617 · Cited by 7
“Each category has different physical demands and match play characteristics [2].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialscientific development of badminton shuttlecocks
Woo, T., Alam, F., & Kootsookos, A. (2024) · Sustainability and Sports Science Journal · doi:10.55860/zqqe3823 · Cited by 6
Match-play data according to playing categories in badminton: a systematic review
Winata, B., Brochhagen, J., APRIANTONO, T. A., & Hoppe, M. W. (2025) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2025.1466778 · Cited by 6
Key Frame Detection in Badminton Swings and Its Application to Physical Education
Hsu, J.-H., Lee, C.-C., Chang, J.-Y., & Lee, D. (2025) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2025.3572105 · Cited by 6
Adjusted Landing Technique Reduces the Load on the Achilles Tendon in Badminton Players
Kaldau, N. C., Nedergaard, N. J., Hölmich, P., & Bencke, J. (2022) · Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.52082/jssm.2022.224 · Cited by 6
“Despite badminton’s high popularity in European and particularly Asian countries (Phomsoupha and Laffaye, 2015), our knowledge about the etiology and pathology behind AT ruptures in badminton is very limited.”
BackgroundChow, T.-H., Hsu, C.-C., Chen, C.-C., & Hsu, C.-H. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10040498 · Cited by 6
Low, M. J., Tan, A. L. S., Chan, E. W. M., & Low, J. Y. (2023) · Malaysian Journal of Movement Health & Exercise · doi:10.4103/mohe.mohe_25_23 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Phomsoupha, M., & Laffaye, G.
- Affiliations
- Université Paris-Sud (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Phomsoupha, Michael
- Venue
- Sports Medicine
- Published
- 2014-12-31
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 473-495
- ISSN
- 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
- 1179-2035
- OpenAlex
- W2011609014
- Cited by
- 539
- References
- 192
- Citations by year
- 2026: 77 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 1.59
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Badminton World Federation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
- Keywords
- badminton, game features, anthropometry, physiological demands, biomechanics, heart rate, aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, match structure
- MeSH terms
- Anthropometry, Biomechanical Phenomena, Competitive Behavior, Energy Metabolism, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Male, Oxygen Consumption, Physical Endurance, Reaction Time, Sweating, Visual Perception, Racquet Sports, Lactic Acid, Muscle Strength
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