Cited by 278Physical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, DietCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence Affects Future Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

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Mintjens, Stijn, Menting, Malou D., Daams, Joost G., van Poppel, Mireille N. M., Roseboom, Tessa J., Gemke, Reinoud J. B. J.·2018·Sports Medicine

DOI 10.1007/s40279-018-0974-5PMC PMC6182463

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Abstract

Although cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in childhood and adolescence may be linked to future cardiovascular health, there is currently limited evidence for a longitudinal association. To provide a systematic review on the prospective association between CRF in childhood and adolescence and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors at least 2 years later. Using a systematic search of Medline, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, relevant articles were identified by the following criteria: generally healthy children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age with CRF assessed at baseline, and a follow-up period of ≥ 2 years. The outcome measures were CVD risk factors. We appraised quality of the included articles with STROBE and QUIPS checklists. After screening 7524 titles and abstracts, we included 38 articles, assessing 44,169 children and adolescents followed up for a median of 6 years. Eleven articles were of high quality. There was considerable heterogeneity in methodology, measurement of CRF, and outcomes, which hampered meta-analysis. In approximately half of the included articles higher CRF in childhood and adolescence was associated with lower body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, body fatness and lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome in later life. No associations between CRF in childhood and adolescence and future waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glucose homeostasis were observed. Although about half of the included articles reported inverse associations between CRF in childhood and adolescence and future BMI, body fatness, and metabolic syndrome, evidence for other CVD risk factors was unconvincing. Many articles did not account for important confounding factors such as adiposity. Recommendations for future research include standardizing the measurement of CRF, i.e. by reporting V O 2max , using standardized outcome assessments, and performing individual patient data meta-analyses.

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Authors: Mintjens, S., Menting, M. D., Daams, J. G., van Poppel, M. N. M., Roseboom, T. J., & Gemke, R. J. B. J.
Affiliations: Emma Kinderziekenhuis (NL)
Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Mintjens, Stijn
ORCID: Mintjens, Stijn
Menting, Malou D.
Daams, Joost G.
Roseboom, Tessa J.
Gemke, Reinoud J. B. J.
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2018-08-24
Volume: 48
Issue: 11
Pages: 2577-2605
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
1179-2035
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0974-5
PMC: PMC6182463
OpenAlex: W2888018855
Cited by: 278
References: 102
Citations by year: 2026: 25 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 4
FWCI: 3.72
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (tdm)
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders: Hartstichting (2013T085)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness, childhood, adolescence, cardiovascular risk factors, body mass index, adiposity, waist circumference, metabolic syndrome, blood pressure, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, longitudinal associations, VO2max
MeSH terms: Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Adolescent, Blood Glucose, Blood Pressure, Cardiovascular Diseases, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Lipids, Male, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist-Hip Ratio, Adiposity, Waist Circumference

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Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Childhood and Adolescence Affects Future Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies

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