Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 123

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Contemporary Periodization of Altitude Training for Elite Endurance Athletes: A Narrative Review

Mujika, Iñigo, Sharma, Avish P., Stellingwerff, Trent·2019·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.1007/s40279-019-01165-y
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1007/s40279-019-01165-y

Cites

11 of 11 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 11 references

Research works printed but not linked: 152

  1. Chapman RF, Karlsen T, Resaland GK, Ge RL, Harber MP, Witkowski S, et al. Defining the “dose” of altitude training: how high to live for optimal sea level performance enhancement. J Appl Physiol. 2014;116(6):595–603. · DOI
  2. Daniels J, Oldridge N. The effects of alternate exposure to altitude and sea-level on world-class middle-distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1970;2(3):107–12. · DOI
  3. Dill DB, Adams WC. Maximal oxygen uptake at sea level and at 3,090-m altitude in high school champion runners. J Appl Physiol. 1971;30(6):854–9. · DOI
  4. Tønnessen E, Sylta Ø, Haugen TA, Hem E, Svendsen IS, Seiler S. The road to gold: training and peaking characteristics in the year prior to a gold medal endurance performance. PLoS One. 2014;9(7):e101796. · DOI
  5. Gore CJ, Sharpe K, Garvican-Lewis LA, Saunders PU, Humberstone CE, Robertson EY, et al. Altitude training and haemoglobin mass from the optimised carbon monoxide rebreathing method determined by a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(Suppl 1):31–9. · DOI · Paper page
  6. Garvican-Lewis LA, Sharpe K, Gore CJ. Time for a new metric for hypoxic dose? J Appl Physiol. 2016;121(1):352–5. · DOI · Paper page
  7. Millet GP, Chapman RF, Girard O, Brocherie F. Is live high–train low altitude training relevant for elite athletes? Flawed analysis from inaccurate data. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(15):923–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-098083 . · DOI
  8. Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU. Non-haematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1600–9. · DOI
  9. Bonetti DL, Hopkins WG. Sea-level exercise performance following adaptation to hypoxia. Sports Med. 2009;39(2):107–27. · DOI · Paper page
  10. Lundby C, Robach P. Does ‘altitude training’ increase exercise performance in elite athletes? Exp Physiol. 2016;101(7):783–8. · DOI
  11. Bejder J, Nordsborg NB. Specificity of “live high-train low” altitude training on exercise performance. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2018;46(2):129–36. · DOI
  12. Friedmann B, Frese F, Menold E, Kauper F, Jost J, Bärtsch P. Individual variation in the erythropoietic response to altitude training in elite junior swimmers. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39(3):148–53. · DOI
  13. Wilber RL, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Effect of hypoxic “dose” on physiological responses and sea-level performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1590–9. · DOI
  14. Mazzeo RS. Physiological responses to exercise at altitude. Sports Med. 2008;38(1):1–8. · DOI
  15. Friedmann-Bette B. Classical altitude training. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(s1):11–20. · DOI
  16. Chapman RF. The individual response to training and competition at altitude. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(Suppl 1):i40–4. · DOI
  17. Schmitt L, Regnard J, Coulmy N, Millet GP. Influence of training load and altitude on heart rate variability fatigue patterns in elite Nordic skiers. Int J Sports Med. 2018;39(10):773–81. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0577-4429 . · DOI
  18. Garvican-Lewis LA, Vuong VL, Govus AD, Peeling P, Jung G, Nemeth E, et al. Intravenous iron does not augment the hemoglobin mass response to simulated hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2018;50(8):1669–78. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001608 . · DOI
  19. Brocherie F, Schmitt L, Millet GP. Hypoxic dose, intensity distribution, and fatigue monitoring are paramount for “live high-train low” effectiveness. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2017;117(10):2119–20. · DOI
  20. Wachsmuth NB, Völzke C, Prommer N, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Frese F, Spahl O, et al. The effects of classic altitude training on hemoglobin mass in swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2013;113(5):1199–211. · DOI
  21. Bonne TC, Lundby C, Jørgensen S, Johansen L, Mrgan M, Bech SR, et al. “Live high-train high” increases hemoglobin mass in Olympic swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2014;114(7):1439–49. · DOI
  22. Koivisto AE, Paulsen G, Paur I, Garthe I, Tønnessen E, Raastad T, et al. Antioxidant-rich foods and response to altitude training: a randomized controlled trial in elite endurance athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;9:1982–5. · DOI
  23. Bailey DM, Davies B, Romer L, Castell L, Newsholme E, Gandy G. Implications of moderate altitude training for sea-level endurance in elite distance runners. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1998;78(4):360–8. · DOI
  24. Gough CE, Sharpe K, Garvican LA, Anson JM, Saunders PU, Gore CJ. The effects of injury and illness on haemoglobin mass. Int J Sports Med. 2013;34(9):763–9. · DOI
  25. Heikura IA, Burke LM, Bergland D, Uusitalo ALT, Mero AA, Stellingwerff T. Impact of energy availability, health, and sex on hemoglobin-mass responses following live-high-train-high altitude training in elite female and male distance athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(8):1090–6. · DOI · Paper page
  26. Bergeron MF, Bahr R, Bärtsch P, Bourdon L, Calbet JA, Carlsen KH, et al. International Olympic Committee consensus statement on thermoregulatory and altitude challenges for high-level athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(11):770–9. · DOI
  27. Mujika I, Halson S, Burke LM, Balagué G, Farrow D. An integrated, multifactorial approach to periodization for optimal performance in individual and team sports. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2018;13(5):538–61. · DOI · Paper page
  28. Sperlich B, Achtzehn S, Marées M, Papen H, Mester J. Load management in elite German distance runners during 3-weeks of high-altitude training. Physiol Rep. 2016;4(12):e12845. · DOI
  29. Saunders PU, Pyne DB, Gore CJ. Endurance training at altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 2009;10(2):135–48. · DOI
  30. Millet GP, Roels B, Schmitt L, Woorons X, Richalet JP. Combining hypoxic methods for peak performance. Sports Med. 2010;40(1):1–25. · DOI
  31. Bärtsch P, Saltin B. General introduction to altitude adaptation and mountain sickness. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2008;18(s1):1–10. · DOI
  32. Płoszczyca K, Langfort J, Czuba M. The effects of altitude training on erythropoietic response and haematological variables in adult athletes: a narrative review. Front Physiol. 2018;9:375. · DOI
  33. Viscor G, Torrella JR, Corral L, Ricart A, Javierre C, Ventura JL. Physiological and biological responses to short-term intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure: from sports and mountain medicine to new biomedical applications. Front Physiol. 2018;9:814. · DOI
  34. Kiely J. Periodization theory: confronting an inconvenient truth. Sports Med. 2018;48(4):753–64. · DOI
  35. Heinicke K, Prommer N, Cajigal J, Viola T, Behn C, Schmidt W. Long-term exposure to intermittent hypoxia results in increased hemoglobin mass, reduced plasma volume, and elevated erythropoietin plasma levels in man. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;88(6):535–43. · DOI
  36. Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Chapman RF, Périard JD. Special environments: altitude and heat. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2019;29(2):210–9. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0256 . · DOI
  37. Subudhi AW, Bourdillon N, Bucher J, Davis C, Elliott JE, Eutermoster M, et al. AltitudeOmics: the integrative physiology of human acclimatization to hypobaric hypoxia and its retention upon reascent. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92191. · DOI
  38. Song A, Zhang Y, Han L, Yegutkin GG, Liu H, Sun K, et al. Erythrocytes retain hypoxic adenosine response for faster acclimatization upon re-ascent. Nat Commun. 2017;8:14108. · DOI
  39. Fulco CS, Muza SR, Beidleman B, Jones J, Staab J, Rock PB, et al. Exercise performance of sea-level residents at 4300 m after 6 days at 2200 m. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2009;80(11):955–61. · DOI
  40. Muza SR, Beidleman BA, Fulco CS. Altitude preexposure recommendations for inducing acclimatization. High Alt Med Biol. 2010;11(2):87–92. · DOI
  41. Fulco CS, Beidleman BA, Muza SR. Effectiveness of preacclimatization strategies for high-altitude exposure. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2013;41(1):55–63. · DOI
  42. Staab JE, Beidleman BA, Muza SR, Fulco CS, Rock PB, Cymerman A. Efficacy of residence at moderate versus low altitude on reducing acute mountain sickness in men following rapid ascent to 4300 m. High Alt Med Biol. 2013;14(1):13–8. · DOI
  43. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. “Living high-training low”: effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83(1):102–12. · DOI · Paper page
  44. Robach P, Hansen J, Pichon A, Meinild Lundby AK, Dandanell S, Slettaløkken Falch G, et al. Hypobaric live high-train low does not improve aerobic performance more than live low-train low in cross-country skiers. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(6):1636–52. · DOI
  45. Baumann I, Bonov P, Daniels J, Lange G. Round table: high altitude training symposium. New Stud Athlet. 1994;9(2):23–35.
  46. Turner G, Fudge BW, Pringle JSM, Maxwell NS, Richardson AJ. Altitude training in endurance running: perceptions of elite athletes and support staff. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(2):163–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1488383 . · DOI
  47. Saunders PU, Telford RD, Pyne D, Gore CJ, Hahn AG. Improved race performance in elite middle-distance runners after cumulative altitude exposure. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2009;4(1):134–8. · DOI
  48. Frese F, Friedmann-Bette B. Effects of repetitive training at low altitude on erythropoiesis in 400 and 800 m runners. Int J Sports Med. 2010;31(6):382–8. · DOI
  49. Mizuno MA, Juel CA, Bro-Rasmussen T, Mygind E, Schibye B, Rasmussen B, et al. Limb skeletal muscle adaptation in athletes after training at altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1990;68(2):496–502. · DOI
  50. Roberts D, Smith DJ. Erythropoietin concentration and arterial haemoglobin saturation with supramaximal exercise. J Sports Sci. 1999;17(6):485–93. · DOI
  51. Sharma AP, Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Périard JD, Clark B, Gore CJ, et al. Training periodisation during live high train high at 2100 m improves sea-level performance in elite runners. J Sports Sci Med. 2018;17(4):607–16.
  52. Sharma AP, Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Clark B, Welvaert M, Gore CJ, et al. Improved performance in national-level runners with increased training load at 1600 and 1800 m. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(3):286–95. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0104 . · DOI
  53. Seiler KS, Kjerland GØ. Quantifying training intensity distribution in elite endurance athletes: is there evidence for an “optimal” distribution? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16(1):49–56. · DOI · Paper page
  54. Stöggl T, Sperlich B. Polarized training has greater impact on key endurance variables than threshold, high intensity, or high volume training. Front Physiol. 2014;4(5):33.
  55. Schmitt L, Willis S, Coulmy N, Millet GP. Effects of different training intensity distributions between elite cross-country skiers and Nordic-combined athletes during live high-train low. Front Physiol. 2018;9:932. · DOI
  56. Pugliese L, Serpiello FR, Millet GP, La Torre A. Training diaries during altitude training camp in two Olympic champions: an observational case study. J Sports Sci Med. 2014;13:666–72.
  57. Sharma AP, Saunders PU, Garvican-lewis LA, Clark B, Gore CJ, Thompson KG, et al. Normobaric hypoxia reduces VO2 at different intensities in highly trained runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(1):174–82. · DOI
  58. Lange G. Load dosage and control during the acclimatisation phase of the altitude training of long distance runners: a report from experience. New Stud Athlet. 1986;3:29–46.
  59. Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Individual variation in response to altitude training. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85(4):1448–56. · DOI · Paper page
  60. Schmidt W, Prommer N. Impact of alterations in total hemoglobin mass on VO2max. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 2010;38(2):68–75. · DOI · Paper page
  61. Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Schmidt WF, Gore CJ. Relationship between changes in haemoglobin mass and maximal oxygen uptake after hypoxic exposure. Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(Suppl 1):i26–30. · DOI
  62. Pyne DB, Mujika I, Reilly T. Peaking for optimal performance: research limitations and future directions. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(3):195–202. · DOI
  63. Chapman RF, Stickford ASL, Lundby C, Levine BD. Timing of return from altitude training for optimal sea-level performance. J Appl Physiol. 2014;116(7):837–43. · DOI
  64. Mairbäurl H. Neocytolysis: how to get rid of the extra erythrocytes formed by stress erythropoiesis upon descent from high altitude. Front Physiol. 2018;9:345. · DOI
  65. Siebenmann C, Cathomen A, Hug M, Keiser S, Lundby AK, Hilt MP, et al. Hemoglobin mass and intravascular volume kinetics during and after exposure to 3,454-m altitude. J Appl Physiol. 2015;119:1194–201. · DOI · Paper page
  66. Bailey DM, Davies B. Physiological implications of altitude training for endurance performance at sea level: a review. Br J Sports Med. 1997;31(3):183–90. · DOI
  67. Mazzeo RS. Altitude, exercise and immune function. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2005;11:6–16.
  68. Buchheit M, Simpson BM, Garvican-Lewis LA, Hammond K, Kley M, Schmidt WF, et al. Wellness, fatigue and physical performance acclimatisation to a 2-week soccer camp at 3600 m (ISA3600). Br J Sports Med. 2013;47(Suppl 1):i100–6. · DOI
  69. Saw AE, Halson SL, Mujika I. Monitoring athletes during training camps: observations and translatable strategies from elite road cyclists and swimmers. Sport. 2018;6(3):E63. · DOI
  70. Chapman RF, Stager JM, Tanner DA, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Impairment of 3000-m run time at altitude is influenced by arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43:1649–56. · DOI
  71. Sharma AP, Saunders PU, Garvican-Lewis LA, Clark B, Stanley J, Robertson EY, et al. The effect of training at 2100-m altitude on running speed and session rating of perceived exertion at different intensities in elite middle-distance runners. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(Suppl 2):S2147–52. · DOI
  72. Friedmann B, Bauer TI, Menold EL, Bärtsch P. Exercise with the intensity of the individual anaerobic threshold in acute hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36:1737–42. · DOI
  73. Sharma AP, Mujika I. Quantification of training and competition loads in endurance sports: a key to recovery-stress balance and performance. In: Kellmann M, Beckmann J, editors. Sport, recovery, and performance: interdisciplinary insights. Abingdon: Routledge; 2018. p. 132–47.
  74. Mujika I. The alphabet of sport science research starts with Q. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8:465–6. · DOI
  75. Foster C, Florhaug JA, Franklin J, Gottschall L, Hrovatin LA, Parker S, et al. A new approach to monitoring exercise training. J Strength Cond Res. 2001;15:109–15.
  76. Wallace LK, Slattery KM, Coutts AJ. The ecological validity and application of the session-RPE method for quantifying training loads in swimming. J Strength Cond Res. 2009;23:33–8. · DOI
  77. Halson SL. Monitoring training load to understand fatigue in athletes. Sports Med. 2014;44:139–47. · DOI
  78. Saw AE, Main LC, Gastin PB. Monitoring the athlete training response: subjective self-reported measures trump commonly used objective measures: a systematic review. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50:281–91. · DOI
  79. Gore CJ, Craig N, Hahn AG, Rice A, Bourdon P, Lawrence S, et al. Altitude training at 2690 m does not increase total haemoglobin mass or sea-level V̇O2max in world champion track cyclists. J Sci Med Sport. 1998;1:156–70. · DOI
  80. Wilber RL, Drake SD, Hesson JL, Nelson JA, Kearney JT, Dallam GM, et al. Effect of altitude training on serum creatine kinase activity and serum cortisol concentration in triathletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000;81:140–7. · DOI
  81. Berglund B. High-altitude training. Sports Med. 1992;14:289–303. · DOI
  82. Hayes LD, Sculthorpe N, Cunniffe B, Grace F. Salivary testosterone and cortisol measurement in sports medicine: a narrative review and user’s guide for researchers and practitioners. Int J Sports Med. 2016;37(13):1007–18. · DOI
  83. Greenham G, Buckley JD, Garrett J, Eston R, Norton K. Biomarkers of physiological responses to periods of intensified, non-resistance-based exercise training in well-trained male athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(11):2517–48. · DOI
  84. Schmidt W, Prommer N. The optimised CO-rebreathing method: a new tool to determine total haemoglobin mass routinely. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2005;95:486–95. · DOI · Paper page
  85. Saunders PU, Telford RD, Pyne DB, Hahn AG, Gore CJ. Improved running economy and increased hemoglobin mass in elite runners after extended moderate altitude exposure. J Sci Med Sport. 2009;12(1):67–72. · DOI
  86. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Point: positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high: train low) on exercise performance are mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99:2053–5. · DOI
  87. Stray-Gundersen J, Alexander C, Hochstein A, Levine BD. Failure of red cell volume to increase to altitude exposure in iron deficient runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1992;24:S90. · DOI
  88. Govus AD, Garvican-Lewis LA, Abbiss CR, Peeling P, Gore CJ. Pre-altitude serum ferritin levels and daily oral iron supplement dose mediate iron parameter and haemoglobin mass responses to altitude exposure. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0135120. · DOI · Paper page
  89. Hall R, Peeling P, Nemeth E, Bergland D, McCluskey WTP, Stellingwerff T. Single versus split dose of iron optimizes haemoglobin mass gains at 2106 m altitude. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(4):751–9. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001847 . · DOI
  90. Stellingwerff T, Peeling P, Garvican-Lewis LA, Hall R, Koivisto AE, Heikura I, et al. Nutrition and altitude: strategies to enhance adaptation, improve performance and maintain health. Sports Med. 2019;. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01159-w . · DOI
  91. Goodrich JA, Ryan BJ, Byrnes WC. The influence of oxygen saturation on the relationship between hemoglobin mass and VO2max. Sports Med Int Open. 2018;2(4):E98–104. · DOI
  92. Eckardt KU, Boutellier U, Kurtz A, Schopen M, Koller EA, Bauer C. Rate of erythropoietin formation in humans in response to acute hypobaric hypoxia. J Appl Physiol. 1989;66:1785–8. · DOI
  93. Millet GP, Brocherie F, Girard O. Commentaries on viewpoint: time for a new metric for hypoxic dose? J Appl Physiol. 2016;121(1):356. · DOI
  94. Chapman RF, Emery MI, Stager JM. Degree of arterial desaturation in normoxia influences VO2max decline in mild hypoxia. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31:658–63. · DOI
  95. Dempsey JA, Wagner PD. Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia. J Appl Physiol. 1999;87(6):1997–2006. · DOI · Paper page
  96. Gore CJ, Hahn AG, Scroop GC, Watson DB, Norton KI, Wood RJ, et al. Increased arterial desaturation in trained cyclists during maximal exercise at 580 m altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1996;80:2204–10. · DOI
  97. Aubry A, Hausswirth C, Julien L, Coutts AJ, Le Meur Y. Functional overreaching: the key to peak performance during the taper? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2014;46(9):1769–77. · DOI
  98. Plews DJ, Laursen PB, Meur YL, Hausswirth C, Kilding AE, Buchheit M. Monitoring training with heart-rate variability: how much compliance is needed for valid assessment? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2014;9:783–90. · DOI
  99. Moretti D, Goede JS, Zeder C, Jiskra M, Chatzinakou V, Tjalsma H, et al. Oral iron supplements increase hepcidin and decrease iron absorption from daily or twice-daily doses in iron-depleted young women. Blood. 2015;126(17):1981–9. · DOI · Paper page
  100. Shannon OM, McGawley K, Nybäck L, Duckworth L, Barlow MJ, Woods D, et al. “Beet-ing” the mountain: a review of the physiological and performance effects of dietary nitrate supplementation at simulated and terrestrial altitude. Sports Med. 2017;47(11):2155–69. · DOI
  101. Carriker CR, Mermier CM, Van Dusseldorp TA, Johnson KE, Beltz NM, Vaughan RA, et al. Effect of acute dietary nitrate consumption on oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise in hypobaric hypoxia. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016;26(4):315–22. · DOI
  102. Kayser B. Nutrition and high altitude exposure. Int J Sports Med. 1992;13(Suppl 1):S129–32. · DOI
  103. Kayser B, Acheson K, Decombaz J, Fern E, Cerretelli P. Protein absorption and energy digestibility at high altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1992;73(6):2425–31. · DOI
  104. Butterfield GE, Gates J, Fleming S, Brooks GA, Sutton JR, Reeves JT. Increased energy intake minimizes weight loss in men at high altitude. J Appl Physiol. 1992;72(5):1741–8. · DOI
  105. Mawson JT, Braun B, Rock PB, Moore LG, Mazzeo R, Butterfield GE. Women at altitude: energy requirement at 4,300 m. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(1):272–81. · DOI
  106. Onywera VO, Kiplamai FK, Boit MK, Pitsiladis YP. Food and macronutrient intake of elite Kenyan distance runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004;14(6):709–19. · DOI · Paper page
  107. Woods AL, Sharma AP, Garvican-Lewis LA, Saunders PU, Rice AJ, Thompson KG. Four weeks of classical altitude training increases resting metabolic rate in highly trained middle-distance runners. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017;27(1):83–90. · DOI
  108. Butterfield GE. Nutrient requirements at high altitude. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18(3):607–21. · DOI
  109. Debevec T, Millet GP. Discerning normobaric and hypobaric hypoxia: significance of exposure duration. J Appl Physiol. 2014;116(9):1255. · DOI
  110. Saugy JJ, Schmitt L, Cejuela R, Faiss R, Hauser A, Wehrlin JP, et al. Comparison of “live high-train low” in normobaric versus hypobaric hypoxia. PLoS One. 2014;9(12):e114418. · DOI
  111. Coppel J, Hennis P, Gilbert-Kawai E, Grocott MP. The physiological effects of hypobaric hypoxia versus normobaric hypoxia: a systematic review of crossover trials. Extrem Physiol Med. 2015;4:2. · DOI
  112. Chapman RF, Karlsen T, Ge RL, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Living altitude influences endurance exercise performance change over time at altitude. J Appl Physiol. 2016;120(10):1151–8. · DOI
  113. Whyte G, Lane A, Pedlar C, Godfrey R. The physiological and psychological impact of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) in the preparation of the GB biathlon team for the 2002 Olympic Games. High Alt Med Biol. 2002;3(4):457.
  114. Pedlar CR, Whyte GP, Godfrey RJ. Pre-acclimation to exercise in nomobaric hypoxia. Eur J Sport Sci. 2008;8(1):15–21. · DOI
  115. Julian CG, Gore CJ, Wilber RL, Daniels JT, Fredericson M, Stray-Gundersen J, et al. Intermittent normobaric hypoxia does not alter performance or erythropoietic markers in highly trained distance runners. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96(5):1800–7. · DOI
  116. Katayama K, Sato K, Matsuo H, Ishida K, Iwasaki K, Miyamura M. Effect of intermittent hypoxia on oxygen uptake during submaximal exercise in endurance athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;92(1–2):75–83. · DOI
  117. Rodríguez FA, Truijens MJ, Townsend NE, Stray-Gundersen J, Gore CJ, Levine BD. Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training. J Appl Physiol. 2007;103(5):1523–35. · DOI
  118. Faulhaber M, Gatterer H, Haider T, Patterson C, Burtscher M. Intermittent hypoxia does not affect endurance performance at moderate altitude in well-trained athletes. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(5):513–9. · DOI
  119. Carr AJ, Garvican-Lewis LA, Vallance BS, Drake AP, Saunders PU, Humberstone CE, et al. Training to compete at altitude: natural altitude or simulated live high:train low? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(4):509–17. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0099 . · DOI
  120. Hauser A, Schmitt L, Troesch S, Saugy JJ, Cejuela-Anta R, Faiss R, et al. Similar hemoglobin mass response in hypobaric and normobaric hypoxia in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48(4):734–41. · DOI
  121. Hauser A, Troesch S, Saugy JJ, Schmitt L, Cejuela-Anta R, Faiss R, et al. Individual hemoglobin mass response to normobaric and hypobaric “live high-train low”: a one-year crossover study. J Appl Physiol. 2017;123(2):387–93. · DOI
  122. Garvican LA, Martin DT, Quod M, Stephens B, Sassi A, Gore CJ. Time course of the hemoglobin mass response to natural altitude training in elite endurance cyclists. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22(1):95–103. · DOI
  123. Kolb JC, Ainslie PN, Ide K, Poulin MJ. Effects of 5 consecutive nocturnal hypoxic exposures on respiratory control and hematogenesis in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2004;551:305–10. · DOI
  124. Wehrlin JP, Marti B. Live high-train low associated with increased haemoglobin mass as preparation for the 2003 World Championships in two native European world class runners. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40(2):e3. · DOI
  125. Robertson EY, Aughey RJ, Anson JM, Hopkins WG, Pyne DB. Effects of simulated and real altitude exposure in elite swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(2):487–93. · DOI
  126. Neya M, Enoki T, Ohiwa N, Kawahara T, Gore CJ. Increased hemoglobin mass and VO2max with 10 h nightly simulated altitude at 3000 m. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8(4):366–72. · DOI
  127. Carr AJ, Saunders PU, Vallance BS, Garvican-Lewis LA, Gore CJ. Increased hypoxic dose after training at low altitude with 9 h per night at 3000 m normobaric hypoxia. J Sports Sci Med. 2015;14(4):776–82.
  128. Risso A, Ciana A, Achilli C, Antonutto G, Minetti G. Neocytolysis: none, one or many? A reappraisal and future perspectives. Front Physiol. 2014;5:54. · DOI
  129. Rice L, Ruiz W, Driscoll T, Whitley CE, Tapia R, Hachey DL, et al. Neocytolysis on descent from altitude: a newly recognized mechanism for the control of red cell mass. Ann Intern Med. 2001;134(8):652–6. · DOI
  130. Racinais S, Alonso JM, Coutts AJ, Flouris AD, Girard O, González-Alonso J, et al. Consensus recommendations on training and competing in the heat. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25(Suppl 1):6–19. · DOI
  131. Garrett AT, Rehrer NJ, Patterson MJ. Induction and decay of short-term heat acclimation in moderately and highly trained athletes. Sports Med. 2011;41(9):757–71. · DOI
  132. Casadio JR, Kilding AE, Cotter JD, Laursen PB. From lab to real world: heat acclimation considerations for elite athletes. Sports Med. 2017;47(8):1467–76. · DOI
  133. Daanen HAM, Racinais S, Periard JD. Heat acclimation decay and re-induction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):409–30. · DOI
  134. McCleave EL, Slattery KM, Duffield R, Saunders PU, Sharma AP, Crowcroft SJ, et al. Temperate performance benefits after heat, but not combined heat and hypoxic training. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(3):509–17. · DOI
  135. McCleave EL, Slattery KM, Duffield R, Saunders PU, Sharma AP, Crowcroft S, et al. Impaired heat adaptation from combined heat training and “live high-train low” hypoxia. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14(5):635–43. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0399 . · DOI
  136. White AC, Salgado RM, Schneider S, Loeppky JA, Astorino TA, Mermier CM. Does heat acclimation improve exercise capacity at altitude? A cross-tolerance model. Int J Sports Med. 2014;35(12):975–81. · DOI
  137. Pugh LG. Blood volume and haemoglobin concentration at altitudes above 18,000 Ft. (5500 M). J Physiol. 1964;170:344–354. · DOI
  138. Alexander JK, Grover RF. Mechanism of reduced cardiac stroke volume at high altitude. Clin Cardiol. 1983;6(6):301–3. · DOI
  139. Takamata A, Nose H, Kinoshita T, Hirose M, Itoh T, Morimoto T. Effect of acute hypoxia on vasopressin release and intravascular fluid during dynamic exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000;279(1):R161–8. · DOI
  140. Heled Y, Peled A, Yanovich R, Shargal E, Pilz-Burstein R, Epstein Y, et al. Heat acclimation and performance in hypoxic conditions. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2012;83(7):649–53. · DOI
  141. Lee BJ, Miller A, James RS, Thake CD. Cross acclimation between heat and hypoxia: heat acclimation improves cellular tolerance and exercise performance in acute normobaric hypoxia. Front Physiol. 2016;8(7):78.
  142. Lloyd A, Raccuglia M, Hodder S, Havenith G. Interaction between environmental temperature and hypoxia on central and peripheral fatigue during high-intensity dynamic knee extension. J Appl Physiol. 2016;120(6):567–79. · DOI
  143. Juel C, Lundby C, Sander M, Calbet JA, Hall Gv. Human skeletal muscle and erythrocyte proteins involved in acid-base homeostasis: adaptations to chronic hypoxia. J Physiol. 2003;548(Pt 2):639–648. · DOI
  144. Saltin B, Kim CK, Terrados N, Larsen H, Svedenhag J, Rolf CJ. Morphology, enzyme activities and buffer capacity in leg muscles of Kenyan and Scandinavian runners. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1995;5(4):222–30. · DOI
  145. Nummela A, Rusko H. Acclimatization to altitude and normoxic training improve 400-m running performance at sea level. J Sports Sci. 2000;18(6):411–9. · DOI
  146. Brocherie F, Millet GP, Girard O. Psychophysiological responses to repeated-sprint training in normobaric hypoxia and normoxia. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;12(1):115–23. · DOI
  147. Beard A, Ashby J, Chambers R, Brocherie F, Millet GP. Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia in international rugby union players. Eur J Sport Sci. Epub 2019 May 29. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2018-0170 . · DOI
  148. van der Zwaard S, Brocherie F, Kom BLG, Millet GP, Deldicque L, van der Laarse WJ, et al. Adaptations in muscle oxidative capacity, fiber size, and oxygen supply capacity after repeated-sprint training in hypoxia combined with chronic hypoxic exposure. J Appl Physiol. 2018;124(6):1403–12. · DOI
  149. Brocherie F, Millet GP, D'Hulst G, Van Thienen R, Deldicque L, Girard O. Repeated maximal intensity hypoxic exercise superimposed to hypoxic residence boostsskeletal muscle transcriptional responses in elite team-sport athletes. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2018;. https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.12851 . · DOI
  150. Hamlin MJ, Lizamore CA, Hopkins WG. The effect of natural or simulated altitude training on high-intensity intermittent running performance in team-sport athletes: a meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2018;48(2):431–46. · DOI
  151. Feriche B, García-Ramos A, Morales-Artacho AJ, Padial P. Resistance training using different hypoxic training strategies: a basis for hypertrophy and muscle power development. Sports Med Open. 2017;3(1):12. · DOI
  152. Ramos-Campo DJ, Scott BR, Alcaraz PE, Rubio-Arias JA. The efficacy of resistance training in hypoxia to enhance strength and muscle growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Sport Sci. 2018;18(1):92–103. · DOI

Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Mujika, I., Sharma, A. P., & Stellingwerff, T.
ORCID
Mujika, Iñigo
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2019-08-26
Volume
49
Issue
11
Pages
1651-1669
ISSN
  • 0112-1642
  • 1179-2035
DOI
10.1007/s40279-019-01165-y
Cited by
123
References
11
Language
en
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.