The prevalence, patterns and correlates of childhood trauma exposure in a nationally representative sample of young people in Northern Ireland
Open accessAbstract
Purpose: Childhood trauma (CT) exposure is common, with many young people affected by multiple co-occurring traumas. Methods: Participants were a representative sample of 11-19-year-olds (n = 1293), who participated in the largest ever representative survey of youth mental health in Northern Ireland (NI) - the NI Youth Wellbeing Prevalence Survey 2020. This study used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify typologies that were most representative of trauma experience and co-occurrence among young people living in NI. Demographic, parental and deprivation variables were then used within a multinomial logistic regression analysis to describe trauma class membership. Results: Over 35% (n = 478) of participants reported exposure to at least one CT, with over 50% (n = 259) of trauma-exposed young people reporting multiple trauma exposure. LCA results provided support for a three-class model; 'low-exposure', 'moderate-exposure: community-victimization' and 'high-exposure: sexual-trauma'. While none of the child, parental or familial covariates differentiated members of the 'moderate-exposure: community-victimization' from 'low-exposure', those in 'high-exposure: sexual-trauma' were over four and a half times more likely to belong to a family in receipt of income benefits and over ten times more likely to have experienced some form of out-of-home care. Conclusions: This study highlights the presence of three distinct trauma classes in the NI adolescent population. In particular, this study identifies a small minority of young people who have experienced multiple CT's, including sexually based traumas, with these traumas most likely to have occurred in the context of out-of-home care and familial poverty.
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Spikol, E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16061007 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“Participants discussed high levels of trauma exposure, both relating to the abuse and unrelated trauma, and it must be noted that on a population level, NI has a higher rate of cumulative trauma exposure when compared to similar countries (Ferry et al., 2014; Redican et al., 2022).”
- Authors
- Redican, E., Murphy, J., McBride, O., Bunting, L., & Shevlin, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Ulster (GB)
- Queen's University Belfast (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Shevlin, Mark
- Venue
- Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma
- Published
- 2022-05-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 963-976
- ISSN
- 1936-1521 (ISSN-L)
- 1936-153X
- PMC
- PMC9077031
- OpenAlex
- W4229008139
- Cited by
- 10
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4
- FWCI
- 1.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Ulster University Research Portal (Ulster University) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Health and Social Care Board, Northern Ireland (Health and Social Care Board, Northern Ireland)
- Department for the Economy PhD studentship (Department for the Economy PhD studentship)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Keywords
- childhood trauma, trauma exposure, multiple trauma exposure, adolescent mental health, sexual trauma, out-of-home care, household poverty
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