Self-Reported Arrests Among Indigenous Adolescents: a Longitudinal Analysis of Community, Family, and Individual Risk Factors
Open accessAbstract
Purpose North American indigenous (American Indian/Canadian First Nations) adolescents are overrepresented in the juvenile justice systems in the USA and Canada. One explanation advanced for disproportionate numbers of racial and ethnic minorities in the justice systems is the unequal distribution of risk factors across groups. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors for first arrest within a population sample of indigenous adolescents. Methods The data come from an 8-year longitudinal panel study of indigenous youth (n = 641) from the northern Midwest and Canada, spanning ages 10 to 19 years. We used a discrete-time survival model to estimate the overall hazard of first arrest and change in the arrest hazard over time and included both time-invariant and time varying risk factors. Results The risk of arrest increased over time, although the largest increase occurred between waves 3 and 4, when the adolescents averaged 13.1 and 14.3 years, respectively. The youth had a 55 % probability of being arrested at least once by the end of the study. Of the time-invariant risk factors, exposure to violence, parent arrest, age, and income were associated with overall risk of first arrest. Three time-varying risk factors (alcohol use, marijuana use, and peer delinquency) were associated with changes in the risk of first arrest. Conclusions Being arrested carries significant repercussions for young people, including involvement in the juvenile justice system as well as consequences into adulthood. Communities must go beyond programs that target problem behaviors because community, family, and peer factors are also important.
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Involvement in the juvenile justice system is related to later offending in adulthood.
“involvement in the juvenile justice system is related to later offending in adulthood (Gilman et al., 2015; Sittner & Gentzler, 2016), resulting in more contact with the CJS.”
From Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth (2023) · cites this paper as Sittner & Gentzler, 2016
Covariates associated with adolescent arrest may change over the course of adolescence.
“Further, the covariates associated with adolescent arrest may change over the course of adolescence (Sittner & Gentzler, 2016).”
From Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth (2023) · cites this paper as Sittner & Gentzler, 2016
Propensity score matching was used to match adolescents who were arrested during adolescence with adolescents who had not been arrested based on a broad selection of Wave 1 covariates theoretically and empirically thought to be associated with arrest and with socioeconomic status outcomes.
“PSM was used to match adolescents who were arrested during adolescence with adolescents who had not been arrested based on a broad selection of Wave 1 covariates theoretically and empirically thought to be associated with arrest (Sittner & Gentzler, 2016) and with SES outcomes.”
From Adult Outcomes of Justice Involved Indigenous Youth (2023) · cites this paper as Sittner & Gentzler, 2016
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- Authors
- Sittner, K. J., & Gentzler, K. C.
- Affiliations
- Oklahoma State University (US)
- Doane University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sittner, Kelley J.
- ORCID
- Sittner, Kelley J.
- Venue
- Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology
- Published
- 2016-10-20
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 494-515
- ISSN
- 2199-4641 (ISSN-L)
- 2199-465X
- PMC
- PMC5833986
- OpenAlex
- W2538659785
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 94
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA13580)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH67281)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA020299)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
- Social Sciences › Education › Education Discipline and Inequality
- Keywords
- juvenile arrests, Indigenous youth, Native American youth, violence exposure, peer delinquency, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, income
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