A longitudinal study on the change in sleep across three waves of the COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong

Cheung, Denise Shuk Ting; Yu, Branda Yee-Man; Lam, Simon Ching; Leung, Doris Yin Ping; Chung, Ka-Fai; Ho, Fiona Yan-Yee; Chen, Shu-Cheng; Yeung, Wing-Fai

doi:10.1007/s41105-023-00486-w

Cited by 6Sleep and related disordersCOVID-19 and Mental HealthSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

A longitudinal study on the change in sleep across three waves of the COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong

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Cheung, Denise Shuk Ting, Yu, Branda Yee-Man, Lam, Simon Ching, Leung, Doris Yin Ping, Chung, Ka-Fai, Ho, Fiona Yan-Yee, Chen, Shu-Cheng, Yeung, Wing-Fai·2024·Sleep and Biological Rhythms

DOI 10.1007/s41105-023-00486-wPMC PMC10899949

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Abstract

In the year 2020, Hong Kong experienced four COVID-19 epidemic waves. The present study aimed to examine the transition of sleep disturbances and explore its associated factors across the later three epidemic waves. Among the 1138 respondents who participated in an online survey at the second wave (T1, April 2020), 338 and 378 participants also completed a follow-up at the third (T2, August 2020) and fourth waves (T3, December 2020), respectively. Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index and an investigator-designed questionnaire regarding potential factors associated with sleep change such as perceived risk of being infected, economic stress, and confidence in the government and health care professional. Sample of this study were mainly female (67.7%), married (50.3%), young adults (54.2%) with tertiary education (81.6%). Maintaining normal sleep was the most prevalent trajectory of sleep of all three waves (50.5%), followed by persistent insomnia (17.2%) and remitted insomnia (9.0%). Besides female, older-age and lower education level, the results showed that increment in worry about family being infected (adjusted risk ratio, RR = 1.28), perceived interference of daily lives (adjusted RR = 1.19), and economic distress (adjusted RR = 1.24) were significantly associated with the development of clinical insomnia during the three epidemic waves. These factors were also associated with worsening of other sleep parameters. Insomnia being persistent across the three waves of COVID-19 outbreaks was common. Increasing economic distress, daily interference, and worry about family members being infected were associated with an increasing risk of clinical insomnia across the three COVID-19 outbreaks. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-023-00486-w.

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The study demonstrated a higher insomnia persistence rate compared to other pandemic studies, which have ranged from 2% to 37%.
“However, we demonstrated a higher insomnia persistence rate compared to other pandemic studies, which have ranged from 2% to 37% [16, 19, 21–23].”
From Insomnia is more likely to persist than remit after a time of stress and uncertainty: a longitudinal cohort study examining trajectories and predictors of insomnia symptoms (2024) · cites this paper as [23]

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Authors: Cheung, D. S. T., Yu, B. Y.-M., Lam, S. C., Leung, D. Y. P., Chung, K.-F., Ho, F. Y.-Y., Chen, S.-C., & Yeung, W.-F.
Affiliations: University of Hong Kong (HK)
Hong Kong Polytechnic University (HK)
Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Corresponding author: Yeung, Wing-Fai
ORCID: Cheung, Denise Shuk Ting
Yu, Branda Yee-Man
Lam, Simon Ching
Leung, Doris Yin Ping
Chung, Ka-Fai
Ho, Fiona Yan-Yee
Chen, Shu-Cheng
Yeung, Wing-Fai
Venue: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2023-09-08
Volume: 22
Issue: 1
Pages: 93-102
ISSN: 1446-9235 (ISSN-L)
1479-8425
DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00486-w
PMC: PMC10899949
OpenAlex: W4386554193
Cited by: 6
References: 50
Citations by year: 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 1
FWCI: 1.55
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (tdm)
www.springernature.com/gp/researchers/text-and-data-mining (vor)
Locations: Sleep and Biological Rhythms (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › COVID-19 and Mental Health
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: COVID-19 epidemic waves, insomnia, sleep disorders, chronic insomnia, economic hardship, perceived infection risk, Hong Kong

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A longitudinal study on the change in sleep across three waves of the COVID-19 outbreaks in Hong Kong

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