Epidemiology of Insomnia

Morin, Charles M.; Jarrin, Denise C.

doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003

Cited by 932Sleep and related disordersObstructive Sleep Apnea ResearchSleep and Work-Related Fatigue

Epidemiology of Insomnia

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Morin, Charles M., Jarrin, Denise C.·2022·Sleep Medicine Clinics

DOI 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003

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Abstract

This article summarizes epidemiologic evidence on insomnia, including the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors, as well as its course and consequences. Approximately 10% of the adult population suffers from an insomnia disorder and another 20% experiences occasional insomnia symptoms. Women, older adults, and people with socioeconomic hardship are more vulnerable to insomnia. Insomnia is often a chronic condition, with a 40% persistence rate over a 5-year period. Insomnia is a significant public health problem that should be addressed at the individual level with appropriate clinical care and at the population level with large-scale sleep health interventions.

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The study demonstrated a higher insomnia persistence rate compared to other pandemic studies, which have ranged from 2% to 37%.
“However, we demonstrated a higher insomnia persistence rate compared to other pandemic studies, which have ranged from 2% to 37% [16, 19, 21–23].”
From Insomnia is more likely to persist than remit after a time of stress and uncertainty: a longitudinal cohort study examining trajectories and predictors of insomnia symptoms (2024) · cites this paper as [19]

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Vgontzas, A. N., Fernandez-Mendoza, J., Bixler, E. O., Singareddy, R., Shaffer, M. L., Calhoun, S. L., Liao, D., Basta, M., & Chrousos, G. P. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1586 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Who Reports Insomnia? Relationships with Age, Sex, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Deprivation
Paine, S., Gander, P. H., Harris, R. B., & Reid, P. (2004) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.6.1163 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Prospective Data on Sleep Complaints and Associated Risk Factors in an Older Cohort
ROBERTS, R. E., Shema, S. J., & Kaplan, G. A. (1999) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199903000-00011 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Optimism and Self-Esteem Are Related to Sleep. Results from a Large Community-Based Sample
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Nocturnal levels of ghrelin and leptin and sleep in chronic insomnia
Motivala, S. J., Tomiyama, A. J., Ziegler, M., Khandrika, S., & Irwin, M. R. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.016 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
The course of insomnia over one year: a longitudinal study in the general population in Sweden
Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Linton, S. J. (2008) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.6.881 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Does Insomnia Kill?
Phillips, B. A., & Mannino, D. M. (2005) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.8.965 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Long-term outcomes and predictors of chronic insomnia: a prospective study in Hong Kong Chinese adults.
Zhang, J.-H., Lam, S., Li, S., Yu, M. W., Li, A. M., Ma, R., Kong, A. P. S., & Wing, Y. K. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.11.015 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
An Exploration of Differences in Sleep Characteristics between Mexico-born US Immigrants and Other Americans to Address the Hispanic Paradox
Seicean, S., Neuhauser, D. B., Strohl, K. P., & Redline, S. S. (2011) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1154 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Family History of Insomnia in a Population-Based Sample
Beaulieu‐Bonneau, S., LeBlanc, M., Mérette, C., Dauvilliers, Y. A., & Morin, C. M. (2007) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.12.1739 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
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Factors Associated with Incidence and Persistence of Symptoms of Disturbed Sleep in an Elderly Cohort: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Quan, S. F., Enright, P., Katz, R., Olson, J., BONEKAT, W. H., Young, T. B., & Newman, A. B. (2005) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-200504000-00001 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ethnic Differences in Symptoms of Insomnia Among Adolescents
ROBERTS, R. E., Roberts, C. R., & Chan, W. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.3.359 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation in sleep medical center patients
Krakow, B. J., Ribeiro, J. D., Ulibarri, V. A., Krakow, J., & Joiner, T. E. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.12.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Insomnia Did Not Predict Incident Hypertension in Older Adults in the Cardiovascular Health Study
Phillips, B. A., Bůžková, P., & Enright, P. (2009) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep/32.1.65 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Sleep America: Managing the crisis of adult chronic insomnia and associated conditions
Kraus, S. S., & Rabin, L. A. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.014 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Longitudinal trends in late-life insomnia: implications for prescribing
Morgan, K., & Clarke, D. D. (1997) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/26.3.179 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Health Benefit Costs and Absenteeism Due to Insomnia From the Employer’s Perspective
Kleinman, N. L., Brook, R. A., Doan, J. F., Melkonian, A. K., & Baran, R. W. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.08m04264 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Incidence and persistence of sleep complaints in a community older population
Fok, M. L.-Y., Stewart, R. J., Besset, A., Ritchie, K. A., & Prince, M. J. (2009) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.2295 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Insomnia and suicidal behaviour in prisoners
Carli, V., Roy, A., Bevilacqua, L. M., Maggi, S., Cesaro, C., & Sarchiapone, M. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.10.001 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cross-country variation in sleep disturbance among working and older age groups: an analysis based on the European Social Survey
Dregan, A., & Armstrong, D. (2011) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610211000664 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Monthly fluctuations of insomnia symptoms in a population-based sample.
Morin, C., Leblanc, M., Ivers, H., Bélanger, L., Mérette, C., Savard, J., & Jarrin, D. C. (2014) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.3406 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Hierarchy of insomnia criteria based on daytime consequences
Ohayon, M. M., Riemann, D., Morin, C., & Reynolds, C. F. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.06.010 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
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Subtypes of Sleep Disturbance: Associations Among Symptoms, Comorbidities, Treatment, and Medical Costs
Foley, K. A., Sarsour, K., Kalsekar, A., & Walsh, J. K. (2010) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402001003622842 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms: an investigation of their longitudinal association in a representative sample of the UK general population
Skapinakis, P., Rai, D., Anagnostopoulos, F., Harrison, S., Araya, R., & Lewis, G. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712001055 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
A two-year follow-up study on the symptoms of sleep disturbances/insomnia and their effects on daytime functioning
Komada, Y., Nomura, T., Kusumi, M., Nakashima, K., Okajima, I., Sasai, T., & Inoue, Y. (2012) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.05.015 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Can a brief educational intervention improve parents’ knowledge of healthy children’s sleep? A pilot-test
Jones, C. H. D., Owens, J. A., & Pham, B. (2012) · Health Education Journal · doi:10.1177/0017896912464606 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Health economics of insomnia therapy: Implications for policy
Botteman, M. F. (2009) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Quality of Sleep and Performance in the Navy: A Longitudinal Study of Good and Poor Sleepers
Johnson, L. C., & Spinweber, C. L. (1982) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e526132009-001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Joint effect of self-reported sleep problems and three components of the metabolic syndrome on risk of coronary heart disease
Loponen, M., Hublin, C., Kalimo, R., Mänttäri, M., & Tenkanen, L. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.07.022 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The contributions of sleep-related risk factors to diurnal car accidents
Lucidi, F., Mallia, L., Violani, C., Giustiniani, G., & Persia, L. (2012) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.015 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Legislating for health: Locating the evidence
Pawson, R., Owen, L., & Wong, G. (2010) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/jphp.2010.5 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Does Understanding Behavior Make It Seem Normal?
Ban, L., Kashima, Y., & Haslam, N. (2010) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022110385233 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Comparisons of the sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and sleep cognitions of Caucasian Australians and Zimbabwean and Ghanaian black immigrants
Clever, M. N., & Bruck, D. (2013) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/0081246312474417 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

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The effect of mindfulness meditation on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rusch, H. L., Rosario, M., Levison, L. M., Olivera, A., Livingston, W. S., Wu, T., & Gill, J. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13996 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
The pathophysiology of insomnia.
Levenson, J., Kay, D., & Buysse, D. J. (2015) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.14-1617 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Drugs for Insomnia beyond Benzodiazepines: Pharmacology, Clinical Applications, and Discovery
Atkin, T., Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2018) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.117.014381 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
The economic cost of inadequate sleep
Hillman, D., Mitchell, S., Streatfeild, J., Burns, C., Bruck, D., & Pezzullo, L. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy083 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Epidemiology of sleep and sleep disorders in The Netherlands
KERKHOF, G. A. (2016) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.09.015 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Insomnia and hypertension: A systematic review
Jarrin, D. C., Alvaro, P. K., Bouchard, M.-A., Jarrin, S. D., Drake, C. L., & Morin, C. M. (2018) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2018.02.003 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
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Management of Insomnia
Morin, C. M., & Buysse, D. J. (2024) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp2305655 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citation
Music for insomnia in adults
Jespersen, K. V., Koenig, J., Jennum, P., & Vuust, P. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010459.pub2 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Comparative effectiveness and safety of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for insomnia: an overview of reviews
Rios, P. D. L., Cardoso, R., Morra, D. E., Nincic, V., Goodarzi, Z., Farah, B., Harricharan, S., Morin, C. M., Leech, J. A., Straus, S. E., et al. (2019) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1163-9 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
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The Prevalence of Insomnia Disorder in the General Population: A Meta‐Analysis
van Straten, A., Weinreich, K. J., Fábián, B., Reesen, J. E., Grigori, S., Luik, A. I., Harrer, M., & Lancee, J. (2025) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.70089 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Heart rate variability in insomnia patients: A critical review of the literature
Dodds, K. L., Miller, C. B., Kyle, S. D., Marshall, N. S., & Gordon, C. J. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.06.004 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Guided internet cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia compared to a control treatment - a randomized trial
Kaldo, V., Jernelöv, S., Blom, K., Ljótsson, B., Brodin, M., Jörgensen, M., Kraepelien, M., Rück, C., & Lindefors, N. (2015) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.06.001 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Acupressure effect on sleep quality: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Waits, A., Tang, Y.-R., Cheng, H., Tai, C., & Chien, L. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2016.12.004 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Family Relationships and Troubled Sleep among U.S. Adults
Ailshire, J., & Burgard, S. A. (2012) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146512446642 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
How well does Europe sleep? A cross-national study of sleep problems in European older adults
van de Straat, V., & Bracke, P. (2015) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-015-0682-y · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Interaction between trouble sleeping and depression on hypertension in the NHANES 2005–2018
Cai, Y., Chen, M., Zhai, W., & Wang, C. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-12942-2 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
The role of vulnerability in stress‐related insomnia, social support and coping styles on incidence and persistence of insomnia
Jarrin, D. C., Chen, I. Y., Ivers, H., & Morin, C. M. (2014) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12172 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
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The Natural History of Insomnia: the incidence of acute insomnia and subsequent progression to chronic insomnia or recovery in good sleeper subjects
Perlis, M. L., Vargas, I., Ellis, J. G., Grandner, M. A., Morales, K. H., Gencarelli, A., Khader, W., Kloss, J. D., Gooneratne, N. S., & Thase, M. E. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz299 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Long-term use of benzodiazepines in chronic insomnia: a European perspective
Soyka, M., Wild, I., Caulet, B., Leontiou, C., Lugoboni, F., & Hajak, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1212028 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
REM sleep obstructive sleep apnoea
Bonsignore, M. R., Mazzuca, E., Baiamonte, P., Bouckaert, B., Verbeke, W., & Pevernagie, D. (2024) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.0166-2023 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
The bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and chronic musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Runge, N., Ahmed, I., Saueressig, T., Perea, J., Labie, C., Maîresse, O., Nijs, J., Malfliet, A., Verschueren, S., Assche, D. V., et al. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003279 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
A Longitudinal Twin Study of Insomnia Symptoms in Adults
Lind, M. J., Aggen, S. H., Kirkpatrick, R. M., Kendler, K. S., & Amstadter, A. B. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4982 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia prevents and alleviates suicidal ideation: Insomnia remission is a suicidolytic mechanism
Kalmbach, D. A., Cheng, P., Ahmedani, B. K., Peterson, E. L., Reffi, A. N., Sagong, C., Seymour, G. M., Ruprich, M. K., & Drake, C. L. (2022) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsac251 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Prevalence and Mental Health Correlates of Insomnia in First-Encounter Veterans with and without Military Sexual Trauma
Jenkins, M. M., Colvonen, P. J., Norman, S. B., Afari, N., Allard, C. B., & Drummond, S. P. A. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5044 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Testing a mindfulness meditation mobile app for the treatment of sleep-related symptoms in adults with sleep disturbance: a randomized controlled trial
Huberty, J. L., Green, J., Puzia, M. E., Larkey, L., Laird, B., Vranceanu, A.-M., Vlisides-Henry, R., & Irwin, M. R. (2021) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244717 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Prevalence rates and correlates of insomnia disorder in post-9/11 veterans enrolling in VA healthcare
Colvonen, P. J., Almklov, E., Tripp, J. C., Ulmer, C. S., Pittman, J. O. E., & Afari, N. (2020) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsaa119 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Melatonin, Melatonin Receptors and Sleep: Moving Beyond Traditional Views
Comai, S., & Gobbi, G. (2024) · Journal of Pineal Research · doi:10.1111/jpi.13011 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Targeting Orexin Receptors for the Treatment of Insomnia: From Physiological Mechanisms to Current Clinical Evidence and Recommendations
Mogavero, M. P., Silvani, A., Lanza, G., DelRosso, L. M., Ferini‐Strambi, L., & Ferri, R. (2023) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s201994 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Sleep disorders increase the risk of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, and cognitive decline: a meta-analysis
Ungvari, Z. I., Fekete, M., Lehoczki, A., Munkácsy, G., Fekete, J. T., Zábó, V., Purebl, G., Varga, P., Ungvari, A., & Győrffy, B. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01637-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Listening to music for insomnia in adults
Jespersen, K. V., Pando‐Naude, V., Koenig, J., Jennum, P., & Vuust, P. (2022) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010459.pub3 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Genetic Pathways to Insomnia
Lind, M. J., & Gehrman, P. (2016) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci6040064 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Pharmacological interventions to improve sleep in hospitalised adults: a systematic review
Kanji, S., Mera, A., Hutton, B., Burry, L. D., Rosenberg, E., MacDonald, E., & Luks, V. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012108 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
A decade's difference: 10-year change in insomnia symptom prevalence in Canada depends on sociodemographics and health status
Garland, S. N., Rowe, H. L., Repa, L. M., Fowler, K., Zhou, E. S., & Grandner, M. A. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.01.003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
An epidemiologic study of childhood sexual abuse and adult sleep disturbances.
Lind, M. J., Aggen, S. H., Kendler, K. S., York, T. P., & Amstadter, A. B. (2015) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000080 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
An examination of the etiologic overlap between the genetic and environmental influences on insomnia and common psychopathology
Lind, M. J., Hawn, S. E., Sheerin, C. M., Aggen, S. H., Kirkpatrick, R. M., Kendler, K. S., & Amstadter, A. B. (2017) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22587 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Sleep myths: an expert-led study to identify false beliefs about sleep that impinge upon population sleep health practices
Robbins, R., Grandner, M. A., Buxton, O. M., Hale, L. E., Buysse, D. J., Knutson, K. L., Patel, S. R., Troxel, W., Youngstedt, S. D., Czeisler, C. A., et al. (2019) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2019.02.002 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Alliance for Sleep Clinical Practice Guideline on Switching or Deprescribing Hypnotic Medications for Insomnia
Watson, N. F., Benca, R. M., Krystal, A. D., McCall, W. V., & Neubauer, D. N. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12072493 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Relationship between night shift and sleep problems, risk of metabolic abnormalities of nurses: a 2 years follow-up retrospective analysis in the National Nurse Health Study (NNHS)
Zhang, H., Wang, J., Zhang, S., Tong, S., Hu, J., Che, Y., Zhuo, L., Wang, P., Geng, R., Zhou, Y., et al. (2023) · International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health · doi:10.1007/s00420-023-02014-2 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pre-sleep cognitive activity in adults: a systematic review
Lemyre, A., Belzile, F., Landry, M., Bastien, C. H., & Beaudoin, L. P. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101253 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Nonrestorative sleep in healthy, young adults without insomnia: associations with executive functioning, fatigue, and pre-sleep arousal
Tinajero, R., Williams, P., Cribbet, M. R., Rau, H., Bride, D. L., & Suchy, Y. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2018.02.006 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Implementation of Sleep and Circadian Science: Recommendations from the Sleep Research Society and National Institutes of Health Workshop
Parthasarathy, S., Carskadon, M. A., Jean‐Louis, G., Owens, J. A., Bramoweth, A. D., Combs, D., Hale, L. E., Harrison, E. M., Hart, C. N., Hasler, B. P., et al. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.6300 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Effects of perceived stress on college students’ sleep quality: a moderated chain mediation model
Huang, Y., Yang, L., Liu, Y., & Zhang, S. (2024) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-024-01976-3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Investigating psychological and physiological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test in young adults with insomnia
Chen, I. Y., Jarrin, D. C., Ivers, H., & Morin, C. M. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.011 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citation
Speed and trajectory of changes of insomnia symptoms during acute treatment with cognitive–behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication
Morin, C. M., Beaulieu‐Bonneau, S., Ivers, H., Vallières, A., Guay, B., Savard, J., & Mérette, C. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2014.02.004 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Orbitofrontal Cortex Gray Matter Is Associated With the Interaction Between Insomnia and Depression
Yu, S., Shen, Z., Lai, R., Feng, F., Guo, B., Wang, Z., Yang, J., Hu, Y., & Gong, L. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00651 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Aloysia citriodora Palau (lemon verbena) for insomnia patients: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety
Afrasiabian, F., Ardakani, M. M., Rahmani, K., Azadi, N. A., Alemohammad, Z. B., Bidaki, R., Karimi, M., Emtiazy, M., & Hashempur, M. H. (2018) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6228 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Insomnia Symptoms, Sleep Hygiene, Mental Health, and Academic Performance in Spanish University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Carrión-Pantoja, S., Prados, G., Chouchou, F., Jiménez, M. L. H., Mendoza-Vinces, Á., Ruíz, M. E., & Fernández‐Puerta, L. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11071989 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Reliability generalization meta-analysis of the Athens Insomnia Scale and its translations: Examining internal consistency and test-retest validity
Jahrami, H., Trabelsi, K., Saif, Z., Manzar, M. D., BaHammam, A. S., & Vitiello, M. V. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.09.015 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Effects of pregabalin on sleep in generalized anxiety disorder
Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Prieto, R. (2012) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145712000922 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Association of Alcohol Severity and Sleep Quality in Problem Drinkers
Hartwell, E. E., Bujarski, S., Glasner, S. V., & Ray, L. A. (2015) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agv046 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Auricular Acupressure on Specific Points for Hemodialysis Patients with Insomnia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Zou, C., Yang, L., Wu, Y., Su, G., Chen, S., Guo, X., Wu, X., Liu, X., & Lin, Q. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122724 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Effects of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia on subjective and objective measures of sleep and cognition
Perrault, A. A., Pomares, F. B., Smith, D., Cross, N. E., Gong, K., Maltezos, A., McCarthy, M., Madigan, E., Tarelli, L., McGrath, J. J., et al. (2022) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.010 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis on fully automated digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia
Hwang, J., Lee, G. E., Woo, J. H., Kim, S. M., & Kwon, J. Y. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-01514-4 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Prevalence, associated factors and management of insomnia in prison populations: An integrative review
Dewa, L. H., Kyle, S. D., Hassan, L., Shaw, J. J., & Senior, J. (2014) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2014.12.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Burden Experience of Formal and Informal Caregivers of Older Adults With Hip Fracture in Nigeria
Diameta, E., Adandom, I. I., Jumbo, S. U., Adandom, H. C., Obi, P. C., & Kalu, M. E. (2018) · SAGE Open Nursing · doi:10.1177/2377960818785155 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The prevalence of anxiety and its key influencing factors among the elderly in China
Liu, Y., Xu, Y., Yang, X., Miao, G., Wu, Y., & Yang, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1038049 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Molecular genetic overlap between posttraumatic stress disorder and sleep phenotypes
Lind, M. J., Brick, L. A. D., Gehrman, P., Duncan, L. E., Gelaye, B., Maihofer, A. X., Nievergelt, C. M., Nugent, N. R., Stein, M. B., Amstadter, A. B., et al. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz257 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
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“This is particularly important, given the large proportion of individuals in the community with subclinical insomnia, and that there is a higher likelihood that symptoms of insomnia will progress to clinical levels if left untreated (Morin and Jarrin, 2013).”
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Authors: Morin, C. M., & Jarrin, D. C.
Affiliations: Université Laval (CA)
Corresponding author: Morin, Charles M.
ORCID: Morin, Charles M.
Jarrin, Denise C.
Venue: Sleep Medicine Clinics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2022-06
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 173-191
ISSN: 1556-407X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.003
OpenAlex: W4224217470
Cited by: 907
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 233 · 2025: 254 · 2024: 188 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 19.91
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 365 d)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Clinics (acceptedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (MH078188, MH60413)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP42504)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Keywords: insomnia, insomnia prevalence, risk factors, chronic insomnia, sex differences, older adults, socioeconomic hardship, public health burden, sleep health interventions
MeSH terms: Aged, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Public Health, Risk Factors, Sleep, Prevalence

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