Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Use of the Protected Specimen Brush in Patients with Endotracheal or Tracheostomy Tubes

Baughman, R. P., Thorpe, J. E., Staneck, J., Rashkin, M., & Frame, P. T. (1987) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.91.2.233 · Cited by 169

Evaluation of Intravenous Ciprofloxacin in Patients With Nosocomial Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Impact of Plasma Concentrations, Organism, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, and Clinical Condition on Bacterial Eradication

Peloquin, C. A. (1989) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1989.00390100083020 · Cited by 167

Incidence of colonization, nosocomial pneumonia, and mortality in critically ill patients using a Trach Care™ closed-suction system versus an open-suction system: Prospective, randomized study

DEPPE, S. A., KELLY, J. W., THOI, L. L., CHUDY, J. H., LONGFIELD, R. N., DUCEY, J. P., TRUWIT, C. L., & ANTOPOL, M. R. (1990) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199012000-00016 · Cited by 166

Implementation of Bronchoscopic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia to Reduce Antibiotic Use

BONTEN, M. J. M., BERGMANS, D. C. J. J., STOBBERINGH, E. E., van der GEEST, S., DE LEEUW, P. W., van TIEL, F. H., & GAILLARD, C. A. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.6.9610117 · Cited by 165

Safety of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Patients with Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Steinberg, K. P., Mitchell, D. R., Maunder, R. J., Milberg, J. A., Whitcomb, M. E., & Hudson, L. D. (1993) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/148.3.556 · Cited by 165

The Clinical Utility of Invasive Diagnostic Techniques in the Setting of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Heyland, D. K., Cook, D. J., Marshall, J., Heule, M., Guslits, B., Lang, J., & Jaeschke, R. (1999) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.115.4.1076 · Cited by 163

Nosocomial Respiratory Tract Infections in Multiple Trauma Patients

Rello, J., Ausina, V., Castella, J., Net, A., & Prats, G. (1992) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.102.2.525 · Cited by 162

Should fiberoptic bronchoscopy aspirates be cultured?

Bartlett, J. G., Alexander, J., Mayhew, J. F., Sullivan-Sigler, N., & Gorbach, S. L. (1976) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1976.114.1.73 · Cited by 161

Prospective Randomized Comparison of Imipenem-Cilastatin and Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Nosocomial Pneumonia or Peritonitis

Jaccard, C., Troillet, N., Harbarth, S., Zanetti, G., Aymon, D., Schneider, R., Chiolero, R., Ricou, B., Romand, J., Huber, O., et al. (1998) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.42.11.2966 · Cited by 160

Bacteriology of expectorated sputum with quantitative culture and wash technique compared to transtracheal aspirates.

Bartlett, J. G., & Finegold, S. M. (1978) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1978.117.6.1019 · Cited by 159

Sucralfate versus antacids or H2-antagonists for stress ulcer prophylaxis: A meta-analysis on efficacy and pneumonia rate

Tryba, M. (1991) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199107000-00020 · Cited by 156

The Role of Candida sp Isolated From Bronchoscopic Samples in Nonneutropenic Patients

Rello, J., Esandi, M.-E., Diaz, E., Mariscal, D., Gallego, M., & Vallès, J. (1998) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.114.1.146 · Cited by 155

Cytomegalovirus

Papazian, L., Fraisse, A., Garbe, L., et al. (1996) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199602000-00005 · Cited by 154

Diagnostic Value of Telescoping Plugged Catheters in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia Using the Metras Catheter

Torres, A., de la Bellacasa, J. P., Rodriguez‐Roisin, R., de Anta, M. T. J., & Agustí-Vidal, A. (1988) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/138.1.117 · Cited by 151

Risk factors for infection byPseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia

Rello, J., Ausina, V., Ricart, M., Puzo, C., Quintana, E., Net, A., & Prats, G. (1994) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf01704699 · Cited by 151

Incidence and Outcome of Polymicrobial Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Combes, A., Figliolini, C., Trouillet, J., Kassis, N., Wolff, M., Gibert, C., & Chastre, J. E. (2002) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.121.5.1618 · Cited by 149

Colonization of the gastric contents in critically patients

Hillman, K., Riordan, T., O’Farrell, S., & Tabaqchali, S. (1982) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-198207000-00005 · Cited by 148

Role of Serial Routine Microbiologic Culture Results in the Initial Management of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Hayon, J., Figliolini, C., Combes, A., Trouillet, J., Kassis, N., Dombret, M. C., Gibert, C., & Chastre, J. E. (2002) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.165.1.2105077 · Cited by 148

The Standardization of Criteria for Processing and Interpreting Laboratory Specimens in Patients With Suspected Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Baselski, V. S., Eltorky, M., Coalson, J. J., & Griffin, J. P. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.102.5_supplement_1.571s · Cited by 146

Optimizing antibiotic therapy in the intensive care unit setting.

Kollef, M. H. (2001) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc1022 · Cited by 145

Adverse Effects of Nosocomial Infection

Freeman, J., ROSNER, B. A., & McGowan, J. E. (1979) · The Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/infdis/140.5.732 · Cited by 144

Histopathologic and Microbiologic Aspects of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia

Fàbregas, N., Torres, A., El-Ebiary, M., Ramírez, J., Hernández, C., González, J., de la Bellacasa, J. P., de Anta, J., & Rodriguez‐Roisin, R. (1996) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199604000-00002 · Cited by 141

Recurrent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pneumonia in Ventilated Patients: Relapse or Reinfection?

Rello, J., Mariscal, D., March, F., et al. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.3.9703014 · Cited by 138

Hospital-acquired gram-negative rod pneumonias: An overview

LaForce, F. M. (1981) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(81)90593-3 · Cited by 138

Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients, a prospective randomised evaluation of the Stericath closed suctioning system

Combes, P., Fauvage, B., & Oleyer, C. (2000) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s001340051276 · Cited by 136

Risk Factors for Infection by Acinetobacter baumannii in Intubated Patients With Nosocomial Pneumonia

Baraibar, J., Correa, H., Mariscal, D., Gallego, M., Vallés, J., & Rello, J. (1997) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.112.4.1050 · Cited by 135

Blood Cultures Have Limited Value in Predicting Severity of Illness and as a Diagnostic Tool in Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Luna, C. M., Videla, A. J., Mattera, J., Vay, C. A., Famiglietti, A. M. R., Vujacich, P., & Niederman, M. S. (1999) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.116.4.1075 · Cited by 135

Gastric and Pharyngeal Flora in Nosocomial Pneumonia Acquired during Mechanical Ventilation

Torres, A., El-Ebiary, M., González, J., Ferrer, M., de la Bellacasa, J. P., Gené, A., Martos, A., & Rodriguez‐Roisin, R. (1993) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/148.2.352 · Cited by 133

Utility of Gram's Stain and Efficacy of Quantitative Cultures for Posttraumatic Pneumonia: A Prospective Study

Croce, M. A., Fabian, T. C., Waddle-Smith, L., Melton, S. M., Minard, G., Kudsk, K. A., & Pritchard, F. E. (1998) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-199805000-00015 · Cited by 132

Continuous Subglottic Suctioning for the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Shorr, A. F., & O’Malley, P. G. (2001) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.119.1.228 · Cited by 131

Incidence of anaerobes in ventilator-associated pneumonia with use of a protected specimen brush.

Doré, P., Robert, R., Grollier, G., Rouffineau, J., Lanquetot, H., Charrière, J. M., & Fauchère, J. L. (1996) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.153.4.8616556 · Cited by 129

Nosocomial Sinusitis in Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit: A Prospective Epidemiological Study

George, D. L., Falk, P. S., Meduri, G. U., Leeper, K. V., Wunderink, R. G., Steere, E. L., Nunnally, F. K., Beckford, N. S., & Mayhall, C. G. (1998) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/514711 · Cited by 129

The Function of Lung and Blood Neutrophils in Patients with the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Implications for the Pathogenesis of Lung Infections

Martin, T. R., Pistorese, B. P., Hudson, L. D., & Maunder, R. J. (1991) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/144.2.254 · Cited by 128

Effect of Nasogastric Tube Size on Gastroesophageal Reflux and Microaspiration in Intubated Patients

Ferrer, M., Bauer, T. T., Torres, A., Hernández, C., & Piera, C. (1999) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-130-12-199906150-00007 · Cited by 125

Empiric treatment of hospital-acquired lower respiratory tract infections with meropenem or ceftazidime with tobramycin

SIEGER, B. E., Berman, S., Geckler, R. W., et al. (1997) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199710000-00015 · Cited by 124

Role of Different Routes of Tracheal Colonization in the Development of Pneumonia in Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation

Cendrero, J. A. C., Solé-Violán, J., Benítez, A. B., Catalán, J. N., Fernandez, J., Saavedra, P., & de Castro, F. R. (1999) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.116.2.462 · Cited by 122

Nosocomial pneumonia in the intubated patient.

Craven, D. E., & Driks, M. R. (1987) · PubMed · Cited by 119

Epidemiology of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Craven, D. E. (2000) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.117.4_suppl_2.186s · Cited by 117

Colonization and infection in surgical intensive care patients ?a prospective study

Kerver, A. J. H., Rommes, J. H., Mevissen-Verhage, E. A. E., Hulstaert, P. F., Vos, A. K., Verhoef, J., & WITTEBOL, P. (1987) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf00255792 · Cited by 117

Prophylaxis with enteral antibiotics in ventilated patients: selective decontamination or selective cross-infection?

Hurley, J. C. (1995) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.39.4.941 · Cited by 116

Current Guidelines on Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis

Tryba, M., & Cook, D. J. (1997) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-199754040-00005 · Cited by 113

Treatment of Ventilator‐Associated Pneumonia with Piperacillin‐Tazobactam/Amikacin Versus Ceftazidime/Amikacin: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial

Brun‐Buisson, C., Sollet, J.-P., Schweich, H., et al. (1998) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/516294 · Cited by 113

Practices to Improve Antimicrobial Use at 47 US Hospitals the Status of the 1997 SHEA/IDSA Position Paper Recommendations

Lawton, R. M., Fridkin, S. K., Gaynes, R. P., et al. (2000) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/501754 · Cited by 112

Improved results of lung transplantation for patients with cystic fibrosis

Egan, T. M., Detterbeck, F. C., Mill, M., Paradowski, L. J., Lackner, R. P., Ogden, W. D., Yankaskas, J. R., Westerman, J., Thompson, J. T., Weiner, M., et al. (1995) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(95)70383-7 · Cited by 111

Reproducibility of the Histologic Diagnosis of Pneumonia Among a Panel of Four Pathologists

Corley, D. E., Kirtland, S. H., Winterbauer, R. H., Hammar, S. P., Dail, D. H., Bauermeister, D. E., & Bolen, J. W. (1997) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.112.2.458 · Cited by 110

Pattern of Tracheal Colonization During Mechanical Ventilation

de Latorre, F. J., Pont, T., Marcellés, A. F., Rosselló-Urgell, J., Palomar, M., & Planas, M. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.3.7663779 · Cited by 110

Pneumonia in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Prospective Evaluation of Bilateral Bronchoscopic Sampling

Meduri, G. U., Reddy, R. C., STANLEY, T., & El-Zeky, F. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.158.3.9706112 · Cited by 109

Sampling methods for ventilator-associated pneumonia: Validation using different histologic and microbiological references

Torres, A., Fàbregas, N., Ewig, S., de la Bellacasa, J. P., Bauer, T. T., & Ramírez, J. (2000) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-200008000-00020 · Cited by 109

Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis and Ventilation Pneumonia Prevention by Antibacterial Cytoprotective Agents?

Daschner, F. D., Kappstein, I., Engels, I., Reuschenbach, K., Pfisterer, J., Krieg, N., & Vogel, W. (1988) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1086/645786 · Cited by 107

Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage to Distinguish Nosocomial Pneumonia from Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome: A Prospective Analysis

Croce, M. A., Fabian, T. C., Schurr, M. J., Boscarino, R., Pritchard, F. E., Minard, G., Patton, J. H., & Kudsk, K. A. (1995) · doi:10.1097/00005373-199512000-00022 · Cited by 103

Nosocomial sinusitis in ventilated patients

Bach, A., Boehrer, H., Schmidt, H., et al. (1992) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2044.1992.tb02177.x · Cited by 102

Antimicrobial Action and Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics: The Use of AUIC to Improve Efficacy and Avoid Resistance

Schentag, J. J. (1999) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/joc.1999.11.6.426 · Cited by 100

Evaluation of a Computer-Assisted Antibiotic-Dose Monitor

Evans, R. S., Pestotnik, S. L., Classen, D. C., & Burke, J. P. (1999) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.18391 · Cited by 100

Pulmonary Infection During the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Sutherland, K., Steinberg, K. P., Maunder, R. J., MILBERG, J. A., Allen, D. L., & Hudson, L. D. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.152.2.7633706 · Cited by 97

Double-blind study of endotracheal tobramycin in the treatment of gram-negative bacterial pneumonia. The Endotracheal Tobramycin Study Group

Brown, R. B., Kruse, J. A., Counts, G. W., et al. (1990) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.34.2.269 · Cited by 97

Decision Making in Nosocomial Pneumonia

Baker, A. M., Bowton, D. L., & Haponik, E. F. (1995) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.107.1.85 · Cited by 95

BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN RECIPIENTS OF BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION

Lossos, I. S., Breuer, R., Or, R., Strauss, N., Elishoov, H., Naparstek, E., Aker, M., Nagler, A., Moses, A. E., Shapiro, M., et al. (1995) · Transplantation · doi:10.1097/00007890-199510150-00010 · Cited by 94

Prophylaxis of Stress Ulcer Bleeding

Tryba, M. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199112002-00007 · Cited by 92

Management of Bacterial Pneumonia in Ventilated Patients

Meduri, G. U., Wunderink, R. G., Leeper, K. V., et al. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.101.2.500 · Cited by 91

Reliability of the Bronchoscopic Protected Catheter Brush in Intubated and Ventilated Patients

Villers, D., DERRIENNIC, M., Raffi, F., Germaud, P., Baron, D., Nicolás, F., & Courtieu, A. L. (1985) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.88.4.527 · Cited by 89

Prevention of Nosocomial Pneumonia Using Topical and Parenteral Antimicrobial Agents

JOHANSON, W. G., Seidenfeld, J. J., Santos, R. D. L., Coalson, J. J., & Gomez, P. (1988) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/137.2.265 · Cited by 87

The effect of acidified enteral feeds on gastric colonization in critically ill patients: Results of a multicenter randomized trial

Heyland, D. K., Cook, D. J., Schoenfeld, P. S., Frietag, A., Varón, J., & Wood, G. (1999) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199911000-00013 · Cited by 87

Risks and Routes for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia with Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Talon, D. R., Mulin, B., Rouget, C., Bailly, P., Thouverez, M., & Viel, J. (1998) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.157.3.9702096 · Cited by 86

Ceftazidime Monotherapy vs. Ceftriaxone/Tobramycin for Serious Hospital-Acquired Gram-Negative Infections

Rubinstein, E., Lode, H. M., Grassi, C., & Antibiotic Study Group (1995) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/clinids/20.5.1217 · Cited by 85

In Vivo Efficacies of Combinations of β-Lactams, β-Lactamase Inhibitors, and Rifampin against Acinetobacter baumannii in a Mouse Pneumonia Model

Wolff, M., Joly‐Guillou, M., Farinotti, R., & Carbon, C. (1999) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.43.6.1406 · Cited by 85

Selective digestive decontamination in patients in intensive care

Bonten, M. J. M. (2000) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/46.3.351 · Cited by 83

Antibacterial activity of 41 antimicrobials tested against over 2773 bacterial isolates from hospitalized patients with pneumonia: I—results from the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program (North America, 1998)

Mathai, D. C., Lewis, M. T., Kugler, K. C., Pfaller, M. A., & Jones, R. N. (2001) · Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease · doi:10.1016/s0732-8893(00)00234-0 · Cited by 82

Are most ICU infections really nosocomial? A prospective observational cohort study in mechanically ventilated patients

Silvestri, L., Monti‐Bragadin, C., Milanese, M., Gregori, D., Consales, C., & Gullo, A. (1999) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1053/jhin.1998.0550 · Cited by 80

Sensitivity, specificity, and risk of diagnostic procedures in a canine model of Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia.

Moser, K. M., Maurer, J., Jassy, L. N., Kremsdorf, R. A., Konopka, R. G., Shure, D., & Harrell, J. H. (1982) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1982.125.4.436 · Cited by 79

Selective decontamination of the digestive tract in the intensive care unit: Current status and future prospects

SAENE, H. K. F. V., STOUTENBEEK, C. C., & Stoller, J. K. (1992) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199205000-00024 · Cited by 78

Protected specimen brush or bronchoalveolar lavage to diagnose bacterial nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated adults: A meta-analysis

de Jaeger, A., Litalien, C., Lacroix, J., Guertin, M., & Infante‐Rivard, C. (1999) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/00003246-199911000-00037 · Cited by 76

Clinical Significance of Borderline Quantitative Protected Brush Specimen Culture Results

Dreyfuss, D., Mier, L., Bourdellés, G. L., Djedaïni, K., Brun, P., Boussougant, Y., & Coste, F. (1993) · American Review of Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1164/ajrccm/147.4.946 · Cited by 73

Efficacy of Meropenem as Monotherapy in the Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Lerma, F. Á., & On Behalf of The Serious Infection Study Group (2001) · Journal of Chemotherapy · doi:10.1179/joc.2001.13.1.70 · Cited by 72

Bedside Methods for Detecting Aspiration in Tube-Fed Patients

Metheny, N. A., & Clouse, R. E. (1997) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.111.3.724 · Cited by 71

The prevention of superinfection in multiple trauma patients

Stoutenbeek, C. P., van Saene, H. K. F., Miranda, D. R., Zandstra, D. F., & Binnendijk, B. (1984) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/14.suppl_b.203 · Cited by 69

Diagnosis and Treatment of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia—Impact on Survival

Sterling, T. R., Ho, E. J., Brehm, W. T., et al. (1996) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.110.4.1025 · Cited by 67

Pneumonia due to Haemophilus influenzae Among Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Rello, J., Ricart, M., Ausina, V., Net, A., & Prats, G. (1992) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.102.5.1562 · Cited by 67

The gastropulmonary route of infection—Fact or fiction?

Tryba, M. (1991) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)90466-b · Cited by 66

Effects of antibiotics on protected specimen brush sampling in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Prats, E., Dorca, J., Pujol, M., Garcia, L., Barreiro, B., Verdaguer, R., Gudiol, F., & Manresa, F. (2002) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.02.00239302 · Cited by 66

Inadvertent Dislodgement of Nasoenteral Feeding Tubes: Incidence and Prevention

Meer, J. A. (1987) · Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · doi:10.1177/0148607187011002187 · Cited by 66

Characterization of an Animal Model of Ventilator-Acquired Pneumonia

Marquette, C., Wermert, D., Wallet, F., Copin, M., & Tonnel, A. (1999) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.115.1.200 · Cited by 64

Efficacy, Safety, and Therapeutic Relevance of Transthoracic Aspiration with Ultrathin Needle in Nonventilated Nosocomial Pneumonia

Dorca, J., Manresa, F., Esteban, L., et al. (1995) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.151.5.7735605 · Cited by 64

Comparison of Tracheal Aspirates and Protected Brush Catheter Specimens for Identifying Pathogenic Bacteria in Mechanically Ventilated Patients

Lambert, R. S., Vereen, L. E., & George, R. B. (1989) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/00000441-198906000-00009 · Cited by 64

Empirical monotherapy with meropenem in serious bacterial infections

Mouton, Y., Beuscart, C., & the Meropenem Study Group (1995) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/36.suppl_a.145 · Cited by 62

Sinusitis in mechanically ventilated patients and its role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia

Bert, F., & Lambert-Zechovsky, N. (1996) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/bf01709360 · Cited by 60

Diagnostic accuracy of protected catheter sampling in ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia

Brégeon, F., Papazian, L., Thomas, P. A., et al. (2000) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00.16596900 · Cited by 60

The Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage in Diagnosing Nonopportunistic Bacterial Pneumonia

Meduri, G. U., & Baselski, V. S. (1991) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.100.1.179 · Cited by 58

Cefoperazone versus combination antibiotic therapy of hospital-acquired pneumonia

Mangi, R. J., Greco, T., Ryan, J. L., Thornton, G. F., & Andriole, V. T. (1988) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(88)90010-1 · Cited by 56

Radiologic Diagnosis of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

Wunderink, R. G. (2000) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.117.4_suppl_2.188s · Cited by 56

DIAGNOSING PNEUMONIA IN MECHANICALLY VENTILATED TRAUMA PATIENTS

Sauaia, A., Moore, F. A., Moore, E. E., Haenel, J. B., Kaneer, L., & Read, R. A. (1993) · The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care · doi:10.1097/00005373-199310000-00003 · Cited by 54

Pharmacodynamic Interactions of Antibiotics Alone and in Combination

Schentag, J. J., Strenkoski‐Nix, L. C., Nix, D. E., et al. (1998) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/514621 · Cited by 54

Addition of rifampin to combination antibiotic therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: prospective trial using the Zelen protocol

Korvick, J. A., Peacock, J. E., Muder, R. R., Wheeler, R. R., & Yu, V. L. (1992) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.36.3.620 · Cited by 52

Inappropriate Use of Antibiotics and the Risk for Delayed Admission and Masked Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases

Liu, Y.-C., Huang, W.-K., Huang, T.-S., & Kunin, C. M. (2001) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.161.19.2366 · Cited by 50

Antimicrobial Therapy of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia

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