Cited by 371Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsCardiovascular Function and Risk FactorsHormonal and reproductive studies

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Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system

Klein, Irwin·1990·The American Journal of Medicine

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Abstract

To understand the pathophysiology of thyroid heart disease, it is necessary to recognize that thyroid hormone has effects on both the peripheral circulation and the myocardium. One of the earliest responses to thyroid hormone administration is a decline in systemic vascular resistance and an increase in cardiac output and cardiac contractility. In many ways, this response is similar to the cardiovascular response to exercise and is associated with increased left ventricular work. The majority of cardiac adaptations to changes in thyroid function are physiologic; however, certain patients do demonstrate clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Atrial arrhythmias, limitations in exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure are reported to occur as a result of hyperthyroidism and are more common in older patients. Thyroid hormone also plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Diastolic hypertension is a common accompaniment of hypothyroidism. By understanding the mechanisms by which thyroid hormone affects both the peripheral circulation as well as the myocardium, it is possible to predict the clinical response to the treatment of various thyroid disease states.

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Authors: Klein, I.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Klein, Irwin
Venue: The American Journal of Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-06
Volume: 88
Issue: 6
Pages: 631-637
ISSN: 0002-9343 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0002-9343(90)90531-h
OpenAlex: W2073919574
Cited by: 370
References: 57
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 2.52
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: The American Journal of Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (1r01hl041304-01)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-41304)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
Keywords: thyroid hormones, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, systemic vascular resistance, cardiac output, cardiac contractility, left ventricular work, atrial arrhythmias, exercise intolerance, congestive heart failure, diastolic hypertension, blood pressure regulation, myocardium
MeSH terms: Heart, Heart Diseases, Hemodynamics, Humans, Myocardial Contraction, Thyroid Diseases, Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine

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