Chlamydia trachomatis infection and pregnancy outcome
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is now recognized as the most common sexually transmitted disease organism in the United States. Although the potential for vertical transmission of C. trachomatis from pregnant women to their infants is well established, the extent to which infection adversely affects pregnancy and causes perinatal complications remains controversial. We report herein the results of a prospective study of 270 pregnant women with endocervical C. trachomatis compared with 270 matched control subjects (age +/- 1 year, race, and socioeconomic status). Among the entire group (n = 540), the rates of pregnancy complications were: premature rupture of the membranes, 54/270 (10%); preterm delivery, 55 (11%); amnionitis, 20 (4%); intrapartum fever, 23 (4.3%); small for gestational age, 76 (14.5%); postpartum endometritis, 31 (6%); and neonatal sepsis, 10 (1.8%). No statistically significant differences were noted between cases and controls for any of these variables. In the subset of women with recent or invasive chlamydial infection, indicated by the presence of IgM antibody against C. trachomatis, preterm delivery occurred in 13/67 IgM-positive versus 8/99 IgM-negative (p = 0.03) cases. Premature rupture of the membranes was present in 13/67 IgM-positive versus 8/99 IgM-negative (p = 0.03).
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Chlamydia is probably associated with preterm birth only in the presence of a maternal immune response, and most probably with a relative risk of about 2.
“Chlamydia is probably associated with preterm birth only in the presence of a maternal immune response, and most probably with a RR of about 2.106”
From Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth (2008) · cites this paper as [106]
Cites
Chlamydial infections (first of three parts).
Schachter, J. (1978) · PubMed · doi:10.1056/nejm197802232980805 · Cited by 468 · see citing works
Self-citationMucopurulent Cervicitis — The Ignored Counterpart in Women of Urethritis in Men
Brunham, R. C., Paavonen, J. A., Stevens, C. E., Kiviat, N. B., Kuo, C., Critchlow, C. W., & Holmes, K. K. (1984) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198407053110101 · Cited by 346 · see citing works
Prospective study of perinatal transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis.
Schachter, J. (1986) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1986.03370240044034 · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Self-citationMartin, D. H. (1982) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1982.03320360035027 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Chlamydial infections (third of three parts).
Schachter, J. (1978) · PubMed · doi:10.1056/nejm197803092981005 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationHardy, P. H., Nell, E. E., Spence, M., Hardy, J. B., Graham, D., & Rosenbaum, R. (1984) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)92698-9 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Premature rupture of membranes, preterm delivery, and group B streptococcal colonization of mothers
Regan, J. A., Chao, S., & James, L. S. (1981) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32589-3 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Wang, S. P., Grayston, J. T., Alexander, E. R., & Holmes, K. K. (1975) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.1.3.250-255.1975 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Chlamydial infections (second of three parts).
Schachter, J. (1978) · PubMed · doi:10.1056/nejm197803022980905 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Self-citationWager, G. P., Martin, D. H., Koutsky, L. A., Eschenbach, D. A., Daling, J. R., Chiang, W. T., Alexander, E. R., & Holmes, K. K. (1980) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(80)91102-3 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasmal Infections in Pregnancy
Harrison, H. R. (1983) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1983.03340130039030 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Ectopic pregnancy and antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis
Svensson, L., Mårdh, P., Åhlgren, M., & Nordenskjöld, F. (1985) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48853-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Experience with the Routine Use of Erythromycin for Chlamydial Infections in Pregnancy
Schachter, J., Sweet, R. L., Grossman, M., Landers, D. V., Robbie, M. O., & Bishop, E. (1986) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198601303140503 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationChlamydial salpingitis and infertility
Sweet, R. L. (1982) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)46629-x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Epidemiology and causes of preterm birth
Goldenberg, R. L., Culhane, J. F., Iams, J. D., & Romero, R. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60074-4 · Cited by 7,801 · see citing works
“105 Chlamydia is probably associated with preterm birth only in the presence of a maternal immune response, and most probably with a RR of about 2. 106 Syphilis and gonorrhoea are probably associated with preterm birth with a RR of about 2. 107 Vaginal group B streptococcus, U urealyticum, and M hominus colonisations…”
BackgroundA review of premature birth and subclinical infection
Gibbs, R. S., Romero, R., Hillier, S. L., Eschenbach, D. A., & Sweet, R. L. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91628-n · Cited by 891 · see citing works
Self-citationNorwitz, E. R., Robinson, J. N., & Challis, J. R. G. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199908263410906 · Cited by 443 · see citing works
Infection in the pathogenesis of preterm labor.
Romero, R. J., Mazor, M., Wu, Y., Sirtori, M., Enrique Oyarzún, E., Mitchell, M. D., & Hobbins, J. C. (1988) · PubMed · Cited by 427 · see citing works
Schuchat, A. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07128-1 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
Colonization with group B streptococci in pregnancy and adverse outcome
Regan, J. A., Klebanoff, M. A., Nugent, R. P., Eschenbach, D. A., Blackwelder, W. C., Lou, Y., Gibbs, R. S., Rettig, P. J., Martin, D. H., & Edelman, R. (1996) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(96)70684-1 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Infection and prematurity and the role of preventive strategies
Romero, R. J., Espinoza, J., Chaiworapongsa, T., & Kalache, K. D. (2002) · Seminars in Neonatology · doi:10.1053/siny.2002.0121 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
The Endocrinology of Pregnancy
Gerhard, I., & Runnebaum, B. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60390-7_28 · Cited by 268 · see citing works
Prophylactic antibiotics for inhibiting preterm labour with intact membranes
Flenady, V., Hawley, G., Stock, O., Kenyon, S. L., & Badawi, N. A. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd000246.pub2 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Bianchi-Jassir, F., Seale, A. C., Kohli-Lynch, M., Lawn, J. E., Baker, C. J., Bartlett, L., Cutland, C., Gravett, M. G., Heath, P. T., Ip, M., et al. (2017) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cix661 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Andrews, W. W., Goldenberg, R. L., Mercer, B. M., Iams, J. D., Meis, P. J., Moawad, A., Das, A., VanDorsten, J. P., Caritis, S. N., Thurnau, G. R., et al. (2000) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2000.106556 · Cited by 204 · see citing works
Association between Preterm Birth and Vaginal Colonization by Mycoplasmas in Early Pregnancy
Kataoka, S., Yamada, T., Chou, K., Nishida, R., Morikawa, M., Minami, M., Yamada, H., Sakuragi, N., & Minakami, H. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.44.1.51-55.2006 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Rours, G. I. J. G., Duijts, L., Moll, H. A., Arends, L. R., de Groot, R., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Albert Hofman, D., Steegers, E. A. P., Mackenbach, J. P., Ott, A., et al. (2011) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9586-1 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Maternal infection and adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes
Goldenberg, R. L., Culhane, J. F., & Johnson, D. C. (2005) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.006 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Preterm birth due to maternal infection: causative pathogens and modes of prevention
Pararas, M. V., Skevaki, C. L., & Kafetzis, D. A. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-006-0190-3 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases: the global picture.
Schryver, A. D., & Meheus, A. Z. (1990) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Detection of bacteria in placental tissues obtained from extremely low gestational age neonates
Onderdonk, A. B., Delaney, M. L., DuBois, A. M., Allred, E. N., & Leviton, A. (2008) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.05.044 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
The Role of Systemic and Intrauterine Infection in Preterm Parturition
Romero, R. J., Avila, C., BREKUS, C. A., & Morotti, R. A. (1991) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb37880.x · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Antenatal microbiologic and maternal risk factors associated with prematurity
McGregor, J., French, J. I., Richter, R., Franco-Buff, A., Johnson, A., Hillier, S. L., Judson, F. N., & Todd, J. K. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90607-9 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy
Goldenberg, R. L., Andrews, W. W., Yuan, A. C., MacKay, H. T., & Louis, M. E. S. (1997) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30182-9 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnancy and effect of treatment on outcome
Ryan, G. M., Abdella, T. N., McNeeley, S. G., Baselski, V. S., & Drummond, D. E. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90815-o · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cherouny, P. H., Pankuch, G. A., Romero, R. J., Botti, J. J., Kuhn, D. C., Demers, L. M., & Appelbaum, P. C. (1993) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90297-v · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Tang, W., Mao, J., Li, K. T., Walker, J. S., Chou, R., Fu, R., Chen, W., Darville, T. L., Klausner, J. D., & Tucker, J. D. (2019) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sextrans-2019-053999 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Alger, L. S., Lovchik, J. C., Hebel, J. R., Blackmon, L. R., & Crenshaw, M. C. (1988) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80093-0 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Use of microbial cultures and antibiotics in the prevention of infection-associated preterm birth
Klein, L. L., & Gibbs, R. S. (2004) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2004.03.014 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Adachi, K., Nielsen-Saines, K., & Klausner, J. D. (2016) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2016/9315757 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Antepartum cultures for U. urealyticum are not useful in predicting pregnancy outcome
Carey, J. C., Blackwelder, W. C., Nugent, R. P., Matteson, M. A., Rao, A. V., Eschenbach, D. A., Lee, M. L. F., Rettig, P. J., Regan, J. A., Geromanos, K. L., et al. (1991) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90505-l · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Racial disparities in preterm births. The role of urogenital infections.
Fiscella, K. A. (1996) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Etiology and epidemiology of preterm premature rupture of the membranes
Lee, T., & Silver, H. M. (2001) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(03)00073-3 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Klebanoff, M. A., Regan, J. A., Rao, A. V., Nugent, R. P., Blackwelder, W. C., Eschenbach, D. A., Pastorek, J. G., Williams, S., Gibbs, R. S., & Carey, J. C. (1995) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)90493-x · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Carroll, S. G., Papaioannou, S., Ntumazah, I. L., Philpott‐Howard, J., & Nicolaides, K. H. (1996) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1996.tb09515.x · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Mårdh, P. (2002) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1053/beog.2002.0329 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Infection, antibiotics, and preterm delivery
Locksmith, G. J., & Duff, P. (2001) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/sper.2001.27163 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis infection during pregnancy
McGregor, J., & French, J. I. (1991) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90560-e · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The pathobiology of premature rupture of membranes
French, J. I., & McGregor, J. (1996) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0146-0005(96)80002-4 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
McGregor, J., French, J. I., Richter, R., Vuchetich, M., Bachus, V., Seo, K., Hillier, S. L., Judson, F. N., McFEE, J. G., Schoonmaker, J. N., et al. (1990) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(90)90632-h · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Female genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection: where are we heading?
Mylonas, I. G. (2012) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-012-2240-7 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Olson‐Chen, C., Balaram, K., & Hackney, D. N. (2018) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-018-2451-z · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Epidemiology and control of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.
Laga, M., Meheus, A. Z., & Piot, P. (1989) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Feikin, D. R., Thorsen, P., Zywicki, S., Arpi, M., Westergaard, J. G., & Schuchat, A. (2001) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1067/mob.2001.109936 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Klein, L. L., & Gibbs, R. S. (2005) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2005.03.001 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Editorial: Preterm Birth and Infection: Pathogenic Possibilities
McGregor, J., French, J. I., Lawellin, D. W., & Todd, J. K. (1988) · American Journal of Reproductive Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0897.1988.tb00181.x · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Andrews, W. W., Klebanoff, M. A., Thom, E. A., Hauth, J. C., Carey, J. C., Meis, P. J., Caritis, S. N., Leveno, K. J., Wapner, R. J., Varner, M. W., et al. (2006) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2005.08.054 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Martin, D. H. (1990) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30486-2 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Estrogen enhances attachment of Chlamydia trachomatis to human endometrial epithelial cells in vitro
Maslow, A. S., Davis, C. H., Choong, J., & Wyrick, P. B. (1988) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(88)80189-3 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Use of antibiotics to prevent preterm birth
Gibbs, R. S., & Eschenbach, D. A. (1997) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(97)70201-1 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis and placental inflammation in early preterm delivery
Rours, G. I. J. G., de Krijger, R. R., Ott, A., Willemse, H. F. M., de Groot, R., Zimmermann, L. J. I., Kornelisse, R. F., Verbrugh, H. A., & Verkooijen, R. P. (2011) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s10654-011-9569-2 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis seropositivity is associated both with stillbirth and preterm delivery
Gencay, M., Koskiniemi, M., Ämmälä, P., Fellman, V., Närvänen, A. T. O., Wahlström, T., Vaheri, A. I., & Puolakkainen, M. H. (2000) · Apmis · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0463.2000.d01-101.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Endogenous bacterial flora in pregnant women and the influence of maternal genetic variation
Genc, M. F., & Onderdonk, A. B. (2010) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02772.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Effect of treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis during pregnancy
Rastogi, S., Das, B., Salhan, S., & Mittal, A. (2003) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(02)00371-5 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Pol, B. J. V. D., Williams, J. A., Fuller, D., Taylor, S. N., & Hook, E. W. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01766-16 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Antimicrobials for Preterm Birth Prevention: An Overview
Subramaniam, A., Abramovici, A., Andrews, W. W., & Tita, A. (2012) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/2012/157159 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
ETIOLOGY OF PRETERM PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES
Shubert, P. J., Diss, E., & Iams, J. D. (1992) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(21)00348-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
A systematic approach to the management of preterm labor
Norwitz, E. R., & Robinson, J. N. (2001) · Seminars in Perinatology · doi:10.1053/sper.2001.26417 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Hafner, L. M., Cunningham, K., & Beagley, K. W. (2013) · Mucosal Immunology · doi:10.1038/mi.2013.46 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Quantitative Microbiologic Models for Preterm Delivery
Onderdonk, A. B., Lee, M. T., Lieberman, E., Delaney, M. L., & TUOMALA, R. E. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.41.3.1073-1079.2003 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Association of cervicovaginal infections with increased vaginal fluid phospholipase A2 activity
McGregor, J., French, J. I., Jones, W., Parker, R., Patterson, E., & Draper, D. L. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(92)91746-w · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Yasodhara, P., Ramalakshmi, B. A., Naidu, A. N., & Raman, L. (2001) · Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0255-0857(21)03374-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Harada, K., Tanaka, H., Komori, S., Tsuji, Y., Nagata, K., Tsutsui, H., & Koyama, K. (2008) · Microbiology and Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.2008.00039.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Donor insemination—a look to the future
Wallach, E. E., Barratt, C. L. R., Chauhan, M., & Cooke, I. D. (1990) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)53748-0 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Antibiotics in the treatment of preterm labor
Kirschbaum, T. H. (1993) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(93)90375-s · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The role of urogenital tract infections in the etiology of preterm birth: a review
Martins, J., & Roos, T. (1995) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/bf01370927 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Boonmongkon, P., Nichter, M., & Pylypa, J. (2001) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00404-4 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Identification of biological/biochemical marker(s) for preterm delivery
Thorsen, P., Schendel, D., Deshpande, A. D., Vogel, I., Dudley, D. J., & Olsen, J. (2001) · Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-3016.2001.00011.x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The association between Chlamydia cervicitis, chorioamnionitis and neonatal complications
Donders, G. G. G., Moerman, P., Wet, G. H. D., Hooft, P. J., & Goubau, P. (1991) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/bf02390366 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Is knowledge of health behavior associated with low birth weight?
Mvula, M. M., & Miller, J. M. (1999) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6661(199905/06)8:3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Iams, J. D., Romero, R. J., & Creasy, R. K. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4224-2.50032-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Risk factors for fever, endometritis and wound infection after abdominal delivery
Suonio, S., Saarikoski, S., Vohlonen, I., & Kauhanen, O. (1989) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(89)90843-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Schulz, K. F., Schulte, J., & Berman, S. M. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0691-5_7 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Duc, G. H. T. (2014) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/57004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Cherouny, P. H., Pankuch, G. A., Botti, J. J., & Appelbaum, P. C. (1992) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(11)91571-3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Epidemiology of Preterm Birth
Goldenberg, R. L., & McClure, E. M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444317619.ch4 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis Infections in Pregnant Women
Miller, J. M., & Martin, D. H. (2000) · Drugs · doi:10.2165/00003495-200060030-00006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Maternal genitalChlamydia trachomatisinfection and the risk of preterm labor
Ngassa, P. C., & Egbe, J. A. (1994) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/0020-7292(94)90568-1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Guseva, N. V., Dessus-Babus, S., Whittimore, J. D., Moore, C. G., & Wyrick, P. B. (2005) · Microbes and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.micinf.2005.05.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Silverman, N. S., Sullivan, M., Hochman, M. E., Womack, M., & Jungkind, D. L. (1994) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(94)70292-6 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Yang, L. I., Panke, E. S., Leist, P. A., Fry, R. J., & Lee, R. F. (1991) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90388-8 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Perinatal Infections with Chlamydia Trachomatis
Rettig, P. J. (1988) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(18)30715-2 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Pregnancy, infection, and epigenetic regulation: A complex scenario
Pradhan, J., Mallick, S., Mishra, N., Tiwari, A., & Negi, V. D. (2023) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166768 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Association of genital mycoplasma colonization with low birth weight
Paul, V. K., Gupta, U., Singh, M. B., Nag, V. L., Takkar, D., & Bhan, M. K. (1998) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/s0020-7292(98)00135-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the risk of perinatal mortality in Hungary
Nyári, T., Woodward, M., Mészáros, G., Karsai, J., & Kovács, L. (2001) · Journal of Perinatal Medicine · doi:10.1515/jpm.2001.007 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chow, J. M., Kang, M.-S., Samuel, M. C., & BOLAN, G. A. (2009) · Public Health Reports · doi:10.1177/00333549091240s205 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Barratt, C. L. R., Robinson, A. J., Spencer, R. C., Kinghorn, G. R., WHITE, A., HARRISON, P. E., Kessopoulou, E., & Cooke, I. D. (1990) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1990.tb01044.x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
[Neonatal conjunctivitis in a hospital at Gran Buenos Aires. Last 5 years up-date].
Bartolomeo, S. D., Higa, M., Janer, M., Pennisi, A., Balbin, G., & Priore, G. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 18 · see citing works
CURRENT CONCEPTS ON THE PATHOGENESIS AND MARKERS OF PRETERM BIRTHS
Lu, G., & Goldenberg, R. L. (2000) · Clinics in Perinatology · doi:10.1016/s0095-5108(05)70021-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Zuo, Y., Jiang, T., Teng, Y., Han, Y., Yin, Y.-P., & Chen, X. (2023) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104696 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
AL-Marzoqi, A. H., Kadhim, R. A., Al-Janabi, D. K. F., Hussein, H. J., & Taee, Z. M. A. (2012) · Journal of Biology Agriculture and Healthcare · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant patients.
Much, D. H., & Yeh, S. Y. (1991) · PubMed · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Sweet, R. L. (1993) · Hospital Practice · doi:10.1080/21548331.1993.11442943 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Self-citationSeminal White Blood Cells in Men with Urethral Tract Infection. A Monoclonal Antibody Study
Barratt, C. L. R., HARRISON, P. E., Robinson, A. J., Kessopoulou, E., & Cooke, I. D. (1991) · British Journal of Urology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-410x.1991.tb15399.x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pregnant women: prevalence and prenatal importance.
Paul, V. K., Singh, M., Gupta, U., Buckshee, K., Bhargava, V. L., Takkar, D., Nag, V. L., Bhan, M. K., & Deorari, A. K. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sexually transmitted diseases in children: chlamydial oculo-genital infection.
Goh, B. T., & FORSTER, G. E. (1993) · Sexually Transmitted Infections · doi:10.1136/sti.69.3.213 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis infection in primary unexplained infertility
Gorini, G., Milano, F., Olliaro, P., Regazzetti, A., & Rondanelli, E. G. (1990) · European Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/bf00150445 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Randomized Trial of Erythromycin and Azithromycin for Treatment of Chlamydial Infection in Pregnancy
Rosenn, M. F., Macones, G. A., & Silverman, N. S. (1995) · Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1155/s1064744995000718 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Benirschke, K., Burton, G. J., & Baergen, R. N. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-23941-0_20 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Psychoneuroimmunology and Preterm Birth
Ruiz, R. J., & Pearson, A. J. (1999) · MCN The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing · doi:10.1097/00005721-199909000-00005 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Infection in Adolescents and Young Adults
Darville, T. L. (2006) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-33026-7_8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Duff, P., Sweet, R. L., & Edwards, R. K. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-4224-2.50041-7 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationEPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS INFECTION IN FINLAND DURING 1983–2009
Wikström, E. (2013) · doi:10.13140/rg.2.2.18347.96800 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The global prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection in pregnant women: a meta-analysis
Salari, N., Olfat, N., Ghasemi, H., Larti, M., Beiromvand, M., & Mohammadi, M. (2025) · Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics · doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07928-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sweet, R. L., Landers, D. V., Walker, C., & Schachter, J.
- Affiliations
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sweet, Richard L.
- ORCID
- Walker, Cheryl
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1987-04
- Volume
- 156
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 824-833
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987686271
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2023: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 8.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 13453)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Preterm Birth and Chorioamnionitis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Neonatal and Maternal Infections
- Keywords
- Chlamydia trachomatis, pregnancy outcomes, vertical transmission, perinatal complications, preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes, amnionitis, postpartum endometritis, neonatal sepsis, small for gestational age, IgM, endocervical infection, sexually transmitted infections
- MeSH terms
- Uterine Cervical Diseases, Cervix Uteri, Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Female, Humans, Immunoglobulin M, Mycoplasma, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective Studies, Streptococcus agalactiae, Ureaplasma
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
