The Pain Disability Index: Factor structure and normative data

Chibnall, John T.; Tait, Raymond C.

doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90082-5

Cited by 339Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationMedical Practices and RehabilitationPain Management and Opioid Use

The Pain Disability Index: Factor structure and normative data

Chibnall, John T., Tait, Raymond C.·1994·Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

DOI 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90082-5

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Abstract

The factor structure and normative data for the Pain Disability Index (PDI) were examined in a large (N = 1,059) sample of chronic pain patients. The results support a one-factor solution for the PDI. Analyses of normative data indicated very small effects associated with gender, age, and pain duration. Relatively larger effects were associated with compensation status, litigation status, and circumstances of pain onset. Working patients reported less disability than their nonworking counterparts, litigating patients reported more disability than nonlitigants, and patients injured at work reported higher levels of disability than those with pain origins unrelated to work. The results reflect the disability level of patients referred to a hospital-based pain management program and may be useful as a reference point when comparing disability levels of other patient groups or research samples.

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The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a 7-item self-report instrument based on a 10-point scale that assesses perception of the specific impact of pain on disability that may preclude normal or desired performance of a wide range of functions.
“The Pain Disability Index (PDI) is a 7-item self-report instrument based on a 10-point scale that assesses perception of the specific impact of pain on disability that may preclude normal or desired performance of a wide range of functions, such as family and social activities, sex, work, life-support (sleeping, breathing, eating), and daily living activities.”
From Adjustment to Chronic Pain in Back Pain Patients Classified According to the Motivational Stages of Chronic Pain Management (2006) · cites this paper as [5]

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Authors: Chibnall, J. T., & Tait, R. C.
Affiliations: Saint Louis University (US)
Corresponding author: Chibnall, John T.
ORCID: Chibnall, John T.
Tait, Raymond C.
Venue: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1994-10
Volume: 75
Issue: 10
Pages: 1082-1086
ISSN: 0003-9993 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0003-9993(94)90082-5
OpenAlex: W2036517511
Cited by: 338
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 15
FWCI: 2.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Keywords: Pain Disability Index, chronic pain, disability, factor structure, reference values, litigation, occupational injuries, pain onset, pain management program, working patients
MeSH terms: Adult, Chronic Disease, Demography, Disability Evaluation, Female, Humans, Jurisprudence, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Workers' Compensation

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The Pain Disability Index: Factor structure and normative data

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