Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Comorbid Insomnia and Chronic Pain
Open accessAbstract
This article summarizes the literature on cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) in patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic pain. An empirical rationale for the development of CBT-I in chronic pain is provided. The six randomized controlled trials in this area are described and contrasted. The data suggest that CBT-I for patients with comorbid insomnia and chronic pain produces clinically meaningful improvements in sleep symptoms. Effects on pain are inconsistent, but tend to favor functional measures over pain severity. Hybrid interventions for insomnia and pain have demonstrated feasibility, but larger trials must be conducted to determine efficacy relative to CBT-I alone. Future efforts should employ more comprehensive assessments of pain and psychosocial factors.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Finan et al. (2014) concluded that the pain severity index may be a poor primary outcome because it fails to consider the complex variance between sleep and pain.
“In the latest review of CBT-IP in chronic pain patients (Finan et al. 2014), the authors reached the conclusion that the pain severity index may be a poor primary outcome because it fails to consider the complex variance between sleep and pain.”
From Efficacy of Combined Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Pain in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2018) · cites this paper as Finan et al. 2014
In “Integrated Analysis and Future Directions,” the review says pain severity may be a poor primary endpoint, at least when measured within six months. It offers insufficiently broad pain assessments as a possible explanation for why trials may miss the complexities of the sleep–pain relationship, rather than establishing that explanation as the reason. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe most promising results for treating sleeping problems comorbid with chronic pain point to cognitive behavioural therapy specific for insomnia.
“The most promising results for treating sleeping problems comorbid with chronic pain points to cognitive behavioural therapy specific for insomnia [38, 39].”
From Is sleep disturbance in patients with chronic pain affected by physical exercise or ACT-based stress management? - A randomized controlled study (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,588 · see citing works
Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
Cohen, J. (1990) · Computers Environment and Urban Systems · doi:10.1016/0198-9715(90)90050-4 · Cited by 65,406 · see citing works
Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory.
Cs, C., & Km, R. (1994) · PubMed · Cited by 5,178 · see citing works
The short-form McGill pain questionnaire
Melzack, R. (1987) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(87)91074-8 · Cited by 4,368 · see citing works
(1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,156 · see citing works
Ohayon, M. M., Carskadon, M. A., Guilleminault, C., & Vitiello, M. V. (2004) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/27.7.1255 · Cited by 3,349 · see citing works
Neurocognitive consequences of sleep deprivation
Goel, N., Rao, H., Durmer, J., & Dinges, D. (2009) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1237117 · Cited by 2,154 · see citing works
The West Haven-Yale Multidimensional Pain Inventory (WHYMPI)
Kerns, R. D., Turk, D. C., & Rudy, T. E. (1985) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(85)90004-1 · Cited by 2,128 · see citing works
(1991) · PubMed · Cited by 1,837 · see citing works
Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults
Williams, A. C. D. C., Eccleston, C., & Morley, S. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd007407.pub3 · Cited by 1,634 · see citing works
Morley, S., Eccleston, C., & Williams, A. (1999) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00255-3 · Cited by 1,597 · see citing works
Neurocognitive Consequences of Sleep Deprivation
Durmer, J. S., & Dinges, D. F. (2005) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-2005-867080 · Cited by 1,473 · see citing works
The human emotional brain without sleep—a prefrontal amygdala disconnect
Yoo, S.-S., Gujar, N., Hu, P., Jolesz, F. A., & Walker, M. P. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.007 · Cited by 1,303 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Sleep loss impairs immune function (1, 2), emotion regulation (3, 4), cognitive function (5, 6), and heightens pain sensitivity (7).”
Sex Differences in Insomnia: A Meta-Analysis
Zhang, B., & Wing, Y.-K. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.1.85 · Cited by 1,286 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances and chronic disease in older adults
Foley, D., Ancoli-Israel, S., Britz, P., & Walsh, J. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2004.02.010 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Role of the Immune system in chronic pain
Marchand, F., Perretti, M., & McMahon, S. B. (2005) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1700 · Cited by 1,098 · see citing works
Behavioral and Pharmacological Therapies for Late-Life Insomnia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Morin, C. M., Colecchi, C., Stone, J., Sood, R., & Brink, D. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.11.991 · Cited by 1,095 · see citing works
Thomas, M., Sing, H., Belenky, G., Holcomb, H., Mayberg, H., Dannals, R., Wagner JR., H., Thorne, D., Popp, K., Rowland, L., et al. (2000) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2000.00225.x · Cited by 1,066 · see citing works
Sex differences in pain and pain inhibition: multiple explanations of a controversial phenomenon
Mogil, J. S. (2012) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn3360 · Cited by 1,065 · see citing works
Treatment of Chronic Insomnia by Restriction of Time in Bed
(1987) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/10.1.45 · Cited by 948 · see citing works
Manber, R., Edinger, J. D., Gress, J. L., Pedro-Salcedo, M. G. S., Kuo, T. F., & Kalista, T. (2008) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/31.4.489 · Cited by 868 · see citing works
Pain and emotion: a biopsychosocial review of recent research
Lumley, M. A., Cohen, J. L., Borszcz, G. S., Cano, A., Radcliffe, A. M., Porter, L. S., Schubiner, H., & Keefe, F. J. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20816 · Cited by 836 · see citing works
Cardiovascular, inflammatory, and metabolic consequences of sleep deprivation
Mullington, J. M., Haack, M., Toth, M., Serrador, J. M., & Meier-Ewert, H. K. (2009) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2008.10.003 · Cited by 783 · see citing works
Morin, C., Vallières, A., Guay, B., Ivers, H., Savard, J., Mérette, C., Bastien, C., & Baillargeon, L. (2009) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2009.682 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Yarnitsky, D. (2010) · Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology · doi:10.1097/aco.0b013e32833c348b · Cited by 745 · see citing works
Sleep deprivation and pain perception
LAUTENBACHER, S., KUNDERMANN, B., & KRIEG, J. (2006) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.08.001 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
The effects of sleep deprivation on pain inhibition and spontaneous pain in women
Smith, M. T., Edwards, R. R., McCann, U. D., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2007) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/30.4.494 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Self-citationOnen, S. ‐., Alloui, A., Gross, A. S., Eschalier, A., & Dubray, C. (2001) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2001.00240.x · Cited by 512 · see citing works
Sleep Loss and REM Sleep Loss are Hyperalgesic
Roehrs, T., Hyde‐Nolan, M. E., Blaisdell, B., Greenwald, M. K., & Roth, T. G. (2006) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.2.145 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Partial night sleep deprivation reduces natural killer and celhdar immune responses in humans
Irwin, M., McClintick, J., Costlow, C., Fortner, M., White, J., & Gillin, J. C. (1996) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fasebj.10.5.8621064 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Zohar, D., Tzischinsky, O., Epstein, R., & Lavie, P. (2005) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/28.1.47 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Smith, M. T., Huang, M. I., & Manber, R. (2005) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2005.04.004 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Self-citationA primary care "friendly" cognitive behavioral insomnia therapy.
Edinger, J., & Sampson, W. S. (2003) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/26.2.177 · Cited by 343 · see citing works
The epidemiology of insomnia: Associations with physical and mental health.
Sivertsen, B., Krokstad, S., Øverland, S. N., & Mykletun, A. (2009) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.05.001 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
The Pain Disability Index: Factor structure and normative data
Chibnall, J. T., & Tait, R. C. (1994) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(94)90082-5 · Cited by 338 · see citing works
Lentz, M. J., Landis, C. A., Rothermel, J., & Shaver, J. L. F. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Behavioral Insomnia Therapy for Fibromyalgia Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Edinger, J. D., Wohlgemuth, W. K., Krystal, A. D., & Rice, J. R. (2005) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.165.21.2527 · Cited by 330 · see citing works
Vitiello, M. V., Rybarczyk, B., Von Korff, M., & Stepanski, E. J. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.27547 · Cited by 321 · see citing works
Weiner, D. K., Rudy, T. E., Morrow, L. A., Slaboda, J. C., & Lieber, S. J. (2006) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2006.00091.x · Cited by 320 · see citing works
Cognitive–behavioral treatment of insomnia secondary to chronic pain.
Currie, S. R., Wilson, K. G., Pontefract, A. J., & deLaplante, L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.3.407 · Cited by 301 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral treatment of insomnia secondary to chronic pain.
Currie, S. R., Wilson, K. G., Pontefract, A. J., & deLaplante, L. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.68.3.407 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Zautra, A., Affleck, G. G., Tennen, H. A., Reich, J. W., & Davis, M. C. (2005) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3506.2005.00357.x · Cited by 295 · see citing works
Sleep Loss Exacerbates Fatigue, Depression, and Pain in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Carrillo, C., Sadeghi, N., FitzGerald, J. D., Ranganath, V. K., & Nicassio, P. M. (2012) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1742 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Smith, M. T., Wickwire, E. M., Grace, E. G., Edwards, R. R., Buenaver, L. F., Peterson, S., Klick, B., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2009) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/32.6.779 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Self-citationThe efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia in patients with chronic pain
Jungquist, C. R., O’Brien, C., Matteson-Rusby, S., Smith, M. T., Pigeon, W. R., Xia, Y., Lu, N., & Perlis, M. L. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.05.018 · Cited by 256 · cited 12× · see citing works
“Sample Size—Small sample sizes in the treatment and control conditions of all of the RCTs to date threaten the reliability and validity of the data.”
InfluentialSelf-citationBastien, C. H., Morin, C. M., Ouellet, M.-C., Blais, F. C., & Bouchard, S. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.4.653 · Cited by 243 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Smith, M. T., Stonerock, G. L., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2006) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/01.ajp.0000210914.72794.bc · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationEdwards, R. R., Ness, T. J., Weigent, D. A., & Fillingim, R. B. (2003) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2003.09.005 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Tang, N. K. Y., Goodchild, C. E., Sanborn, A. N., Howard, J., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1830 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Kundermann, B., Spernal, J., Huber, M. T., Krieg, J.-C., & Lautenbacher, S. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000145912.24553.c0 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Chronic Pain, Stress, and the Dynamics of Affective Differentiation
Davis, M. C., Zautra, A. J., & Smith, B. W. (2004) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2004.00293.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Quantitative assessment of experimental pain perception: multiple domains of clinical relevance
Edwards, R. R., Sarlani, E., Wesselmann, U., & Fillingim, R. B. (2005) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2005.01.007 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
A Placebo-Controlled Test of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Comorbid Insomnia in Older Adults.
Rybarczyk, B., Stepanski, E., Fogg, L., Lopez, M., Barry, P., & Davis, A. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.6.1164 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Sleep of African Americans: A Comparative Review
Durrence, H. H., & Lichstein, K. L. (2006) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15402010bsm0401_3 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Vitiello, M. V., McCurry, S. M., Shortreed, S. M., Balderson, B. H., Baker, L. D., Keefe, F. J., Rybarczyk, B. D., & Von Korff, M. (2013) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12275 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Edwards, R. R., Grace, E., Peterson, S., Klick, B., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Smith, M. T. (2009) · European Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.ejpain.2008.12.007 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationLewandowski, A. S., Palermo, T. M., la Motte, S. D., & Fu, R. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.016 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Pain Treatment for Patients With Osteoarthritis and Central Sensitization
Girbés, E. L., Nijs, J., Torres-Cueco, R., & Cubas, C. L. (2013) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20120253 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Pigeon, W. R., Moynihan, J., Matteson-Rusby, S., Jungquist, C. R., Xia, Y., Tu, X., & Perlis, M. L. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.07.005 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Pain Sensitivity and Recovery From Mild Chronic Sleep Loss
Roehrs, T., Harris, E. J., Randall, S., & Roth, T. G. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2240 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Long-term effectiveness of a short-term cognitive-behavioral group treatment for primary insomnia
Backhaus, J., Hohagen, F., Voderholzer, U., & Riemann, D. W. (2001) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s004060170066 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Tang, N. K. Y., Goodchild, C. E., & Salkovskis, P. M. (2012) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2012.08.006 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Wittink, H. M., Turk, D. C., Carr, D. B., Sukiennik, A., & Rogers, W. H. (2004) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-200405000-00002 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders and Fibromyalgia
Roizenblatt, S., Neto, N. S. R., & Tufik, S. (2011) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-011-0213-3 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Quartana, P. J., Wickwire, E. M., Klick, B., Grace, E. G., & Smith, M. T. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.02.029 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Self-citationPain Tolerance and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Elderly
Onen, S. ‐., Onen, F., Albrand, G., Decullier, É., Chapuis, F. R., & Dubray, C. (2010) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2010.04.003 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Cognitive-behavioral therapy for sleep abnormalities of chronic pain patients
Tang, N. K. Y. (2009) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-009-0066-5 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
The Association of Race/Ethnicity With Objectively Measured Sleep Characteristics in Older Men
Song, Y., Ancoli‐Israel, S., Lewis, C. E., Redline, S. S., Harrison, S. L., & Stone, K. L. (2012) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2012.636276 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
The Durability of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Chronic Pain
Jungquist, C. R., Tra, Y., Smith, M. T., Pigeon, W. R., Matteson-Rusby, S. E., Xia, Y., & Perlis, M. L. (2012) · Sleep Disorders · doi:10.1155/2012/679648 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationKorff, M. V., Vitiello, M. V., McCurry, S. M., Balderson, B. H. K., Moore, A. L., Baker, L. D., Yarbro, P., Saunders, K. W., Keefe, F. J., & Rybarczyk, B. D. (2012) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.03.010 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Possible relationships between headache–allodynia and nocturnal sleep breathing
Lovati, C., Zardoni, M., D’Amico, D., Pecis, M., Giani, L., Raimondi, E., Bertora, P., Legnani, D., Bussone, G., & Mariani, C. B. (2011) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-011-0558-8 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Perlis, M. L., Posner, D. A., Riemann, D. W., Bastien, C., Teel, J., & Thase, M. (2022) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00879-0 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Babiloni, A. H., Koninck, B. P. D., Beetz, G., Beaumont, L. D., Martel, M. O., & Lavigne, G. J. (2019) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-019-02067-z · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Campbell, C. M., Buenaver, L. F., Finan, P. H., Bounds, S. C., Redding, M., McCauley, L., Robinson, M., Edwards, R. R., & Smith, M. T. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22609 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Self-citationSelvanathan, J., Pham, C., Nagappa, M., Peng, P. W. H., Englesakis, M., Espie, C. A., Morin, C. M., & Chung, F. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101460 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Nijs, J., Maîresse, O., Neu, D., Leysen, L., Danneels, L. A., Cagnie, B. J., Meeus, M., Moens, M., Ickmans, K., & Goubert, D. (2018) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzy020 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Psychological Interventions for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in Adults
Driscoll, M. A., Edwards, R. R., Becker, W. C., Kaptchuk, T. J., & Kerns, R. D. (2021) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1177/15291006211008157 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Advances in the management of chronic insomnia
Kay-Stacey, M., & Attarian, H. P. (2016) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.i2123 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Smith, M. T., Finan, P. H., Buenaver, L. F., Robinson, M., Haque, U. J., Quain, A. M., McInrue, E., Han, D., Leoutsakis, J., & Haythornthwaite, J. A. (2015) · Arthritis & Rheumatology · doi:10.1002/art.39048 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Self-citationGerhart, J. I., Burns, J. W., Post, K. M., Smith, D. A., Porter, L. S., Burgess, H. J., Schuster, E., Buvanendran, A., Fras, A. M., & Keefe, F. J. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-016-9860-2 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
McCrae, C. S., Williams, J. M., Roditi, D., Anderson, R., Mundt, J. M., Miller, M. B., Curtis, A. F., Waxenberg, L. B., Staud, R. M., Berry, R. B., et al. (2018) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy234 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Thakral, M., Von Korff, M., McCurry, S. M., Morin, C. M., & Vitiello, M. V. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101230 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The interfaces between vitamin D, sleep and pain
de Oliveira, D. L., Hirotsu, C., Tufik, S. B., & Andersen, M. L. (2017) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0514 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Buhrman, M., Syk, M., Burvall, O., Hartig, T., Gordh, T., & Andersson, G. (2015) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000176 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Chronic Pain and Sleep Disorders in Primary Care
Jank, R., Gallee, A., Boeckle, M., Fiegl, S., & Pieh, C. (2017) · Pain Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2017/9081802 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Cognitive‐Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia to Reduce Chronic Migraine: A Sequential Bayesian Analysis
Smitherman, T. A., Kuka, A. J., Calhoun, A. H., Walters, A. B. P., Davis-Martin, R. E., Ambrose, C. E., Rains, J. C., & Houle, T. T. (2018) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.13313 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
The Interrelationship between Sleep and Chronic Pain in Adolescents
Badawy, S., Law, E., & Palermo, T. (2019) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2019.04.012 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Lami, M. J., Martínez, M. P., Miró, E., Sánchez, A. I., Prados, G., Cáliz, R., & Vlaeyen, J. W. S. (2018) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-017-9875-4 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Psychological Interventions that Target Sleep Reduce Pain-Catastrophizing in Knee Osteoarthritis
Lerman, S., Finan, P., Smith, M. T., & Haythornthwaite, J. (2017) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001023 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Self-citationNijs, J., Malfliet, A., Roose, E. C. S., Lahousse, A., Bogaert, W. V., Johansson, E., Runge, N., Goossens, Z., Labie, C., Bilterys, T., et al. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13030644 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sleep disturbance as a therapeutic target to improve opioid use disorder treatment.
Huhn, A. S., & Finan, P. H. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000477 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationMorin, C. M., Bei, B., Bjorvatn, B., Poyares, D. R., Spiegelhalder, K., & Wing, Y. K. (2023) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2023.07.001 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Pain-related nucleus accumbens function: modulation by reward and sleep disruption
Seminowicz, D. A., Remeniuk, B., Krimmel, S. R., Smith, M. T., Barrett, F. S., Wulff, A. B., Furman, A. J., Geuter, S., Lindquist, M. A., Irwin, M. R., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001498 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationInsomnia Really Hurts: Effect of a Bad Night's Sleep on Pain Increases With Insomnia Severity
Wei, Y., Blanken, T. F., & Someren, E. J. W. V. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00377 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Enomoto, K., Adachi, T., Fujino, H., Kugo, M., Tatsumi, S., & Sasaki, J. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101693 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Hackett, K. L., Gotts, Z. M., Ellis, J. G., Deary, V., Rapley, T., Ng, W., Newton, J. L., & Deane, K. H. (2016) · Lara D. Veeken · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kew443 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Wiklund, T., Linton, S. J., Alföldi, P., & Gerdle, B. (2018) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-018-2020-z · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“The most promising results for treating sleeping problems comorbid with chronic pain points to cognitive behavioural therapy specific for insomnia [38, 39].”
BackgroundBabiloni, A. H., Baril, A., Charlebois‐Plante, C., Jodoin, M., Sanchez, E., Baets, L. D., Arbour, C., Lavigne, G. J., Gosselin, N., & Beaumont, L. D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12051793 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Disabling low back pain associated with night shift duration: sleep problems as a potentiator
Takahashi, M., Matsudaira, K., & Shimazu, A. (2015) · American Journal of Industrial Medicine · doi:10.1002/ajim.22493 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Koffel, E., McCurry, S. M., Smith, M. T., & Vitiello, M. V. (2018) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001423 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurobiological mechanisms underlying the sleep-pain relationship in adolescence: A review
Christensen, J., Noel, M. E., & Mychasiuk, R. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.11.006 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain
Urits, I., Callan, J., Moore, W., Fuller, M. C., Renschler, J. S., Fisher, P., Jung, J. W., Hasoon, J. J., Eskander, J. P., Kaye, A. D., et al. (2020) · Best practice & research. Clinical anaesthesiology · doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2020.08.001 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Climent‐Sanz, C., Valenzuela‐Pascual, F., Martínez-Navarro, O., Blanco‐Blanco, J., Rubí‐Carnacea, F., García‐Martínez, E., Soler-González, J., Gimeno, E. B., & Gea‐Sánchez, M. (2021) · Disability and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09638288.2021.1954706 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Ellis, J. D., Mayo, J. L., Gamaldo, C. E., Finan, P. H., & Huhn, A. S. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.9676 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationSalwen‐Deremer, J. K., Smith, M. T., & Finan, P. H. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsw064 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationHeffner, K. L., France, C. R., Ashrafioun, L., Quiñones-Cordero, M. M., Walsh, P., Maloney, M. D., Giordano, B. D., & Pigeon, W. R. (2018) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000000644 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Perioperative Pharmacological Sleep‐Promotion and Pain Control: A Systematic Review
Bjurström, M. F., & Irwin, M. R. (2019) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.12776 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Acupuncture for Chronic Pain-Related Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Liu, F., You, J., Li, Q., Fang, T., Chen, M., Tang, N., & Yan, X. (2019) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2019/5381028 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sharma, S., Pathak, A., & Jensen, M. P. (2016) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s119212 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hackett, K. L., Davies, K., Tarn, J. R., Bragg, R., Hargreaves, B., Miyamoto, S. T., McMeekin, P. J., Mitchell, S., Bowman, S., Price, E., et al. (2019) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2018-000885 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Yang, M., Liou, K. T., Garland, S. N., Bao, T., Hung, T. K. W., Li, S. Q., Li, Y., & Mao, J. J. J. (2021) · npj Breast Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41523-021-00355-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Klasser, G. D., Almoznino, G., & Fortuna, G. (2018) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2018.06.005 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Babiloni, A. H., Beetz, G., Tang, N. K. Y., Heinzer, R. C., Nijs, J., Martel, M. O., & Lavigne, G. J. (2020) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002124 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Intersectional HIV and Chronic Pain Stigma: Implications for Mood, Sleep, and Pain Severity
Hobson, J. M., Gilstrap, S. R., Owens, M. A., Gloston, G. F., Ho, M. D., Gathright, J. M., Dotson, H. F., White, D. M., Cody, S. L., Thomas, S. J., et al. (2022) · Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) · doi:10.1177/23259582221077941 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Management of headache and chronic pain in POTS
Cook, G. A., & Sandroni, P. (2018) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2018.06.004 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Arnison, T., Schrooten, M. G. S., Hesser, H., Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., & Persson, J. (2021) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002334 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Malfliet, A., Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Meeus, M., Danneels, L. A., Ickmans, K., Cagnie, B. J., Maîresse, O., Neu, D., Moens, M., et al. (2018) · Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.10.007 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Koffel, E., Kats, A. M., Kroenke, K., Bair, M. J., Gravely, A. A., DeRonne, B., Donaldson, M. T., Goldsmith, E. S., Noorbaloochi, S., & Krebs, E. E. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz221 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., Smith, M. T., Aschbrenner, K. A., Haskell, H. G., Speed, B. C., & Siegel, C. A. (2021) · BMJ Open Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/bmjgast-2021-000805 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationPalermo, T. M., Bromberg, M. H., Beals‐Erickson, S. E., Law, E. F., Durkin, L. K., Noel, M. E., & Chen, M. L. (2016) · Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology · doi:10.1037/cpp0000140 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Wiklund, T., Molander, P., Lindner, P., Andersson, G., Gerdle, B. U. C., & Dragioti, E. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/29258 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Medical and Psychiatric Comorbidities.
Raglan, G. B., Swanson, L., & Arnedt, J. (2019) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2019.01.001 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Exploring the Meaning of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia for Patients with Chronic Pain
Koffel, E., Amundson, E. C., & Wisdom, J. P. (2019) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnz144 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Daytime and Nighttime Sleep Characteristics and Pain Among Adults With Stable Heart Failure
Conley, S., Feder, S. L., Jeon, S., & Redeker, N. S. (2019) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0000000000000593 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Yang, M., Baser, R. E., Liou, K. T., Li, S. Q., Piulson, L., Panageas, K. S., & Mao, J. J. J. (2023) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.34766 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Cody, S. L., Hobson, J. M., Gilstrap, S. R., Gloston, G. F., Riggs, K. R., Thomas, S. J., & Goodin, B. R. (2021) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/09540121.2021.1889953 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wilt, J. A., Davin, S. A., & Scheman, J. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2015.04.028 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Arnison, T., Schrooten, M. G. S., Bauducco, S., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., & Persson, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08207-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Acceptance-Based Behavioural Treatment for Insomnia in Chronic Pain: A Clinical Pilot Study
Zetterqvist, V., Grudin, R., Rickardsson, J., Wicksell, R. K., & Holmström, L. (2018) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.003 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Law, E., Kim, A., Ickmans, K., & Palermo, T. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11061491 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Lin, H.-M., Hsieh, P.-S., Chen, N.-C., Tsai, C.-H., Kuo, W.-F., Lee, Y., & Hung, K.-C. (2023) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.1083095 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Brief Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Pilot Study
Ballou, S., Katon, J. M., Rangan, V., Cheng, V., Nee, J. W., Iturrino, J., & Lembo, A. J. (2020) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-020-06182-w · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Relationship between insomnia and pain in patients with chronic orofacial pain
Alessandri‐Bonetti, A., Sangalli, L., & Boggero, I. A. (2024) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnae003 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Doorley, J. D., Greenberg, J., Stauder, M. J., & Vranceanu, A. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01729-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Why sleep matters in chronic pain: evidence across the lifespan
Kelleher, E. M., Wall, A. J. W., Seymour, B., & Irani, A. (2026) · EBioMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2026.106158 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
An update of management of insomnia in patients with chronic orofacial pain
Almoznino, G., Haviv, Y., Sharav, Y., & Benoliel, R. (2017) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.12637 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Mun, C. J., Finan, P. H., Smith, M. T., Carroll, C. P., Smyth, J. M., Lanzkron, S., Haythornthwaite, J. A., & Campbell, C. M. (2020) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kaaa099 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Self-citationMartel, M. O., Bruneau, A., & Edwards, R. R. (2021) · Translational research · doi:10.1016/j.trsl.2021.02.013 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Puterflam, J., Comis, J., Lan, Q., Liu, C., Lipschitz, A. J., Grunstein, R., Ferreira, P., & Gordon, C. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2022.101672 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sleep disorders in functional neurological disorder - a systematic review and meta-analysis
Kannan, S., Dutta, A., & Das, A. (2024) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-024-07931-9 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., Siegel, C. A., & Smith, M. T. (2020) · Crohn s & Colitis 360 · doi:10.1093/crocol/otaa052 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationBarriers in Access to and Delivery of Behavioral Sleep Treatments
Roberts, S., & Ulmer, C. S. (2023) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-023-00270-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Sleep-EEG in comorbid pain and insomnia: implications for the treatment of pain disorders
Reid, M. J., Quigg, M., & Finan, P. H. (2023) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationSleep and Pain: the Role of Depression
Dzierzewski, J. M., Ravyts, S. G., Griffin, S. C., & Rybarczyk, B. D. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00159-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)
Bennett, D. S. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-44447-1_3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Insomnia symptoms and chronic pain: Outcomes of an interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation program
Craner, J. R., & Flegge, L. G. (2021) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13075 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Miller, J., MacDermid, J. C., Walton, D. M., & Richardson, J. A. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0994-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nonpharmacologic Treatments for Opioid Reduction in Patients With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease
Brintz, C., Cheatle, M. D., Dember, L. M., Heapy, A. A., Jhamb, M., Shallcross, A. J., Steel, J. L., Kimmel, P. L., & Cukor, D. (2021) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.02.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Schuffelen, J., Maurer, L., & Gieselmann, A. (2025) · Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics · doi:10.1159/000547436 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Looveren, E. V., Meeus, M., Cagnie, B. J., Ickmans, K., Bilterys, T., Malfliet, A., Goubert, D., Nijs, J., Danneels, L. A., Moens, M., et al. (2022) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzac075 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kaur, T., Shih, H.-C., Huang, A. C. W., & Shyu, B. (2022) · Molecular Pain · doi:10.1177/17448069221127180 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Role of Integrated Care in Managing Chronic Pain
Leasure, W. B., & Leasure, E. L. (2017) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20170014 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Smith, A. D., Andruski, B., Deng, G., & Burnham, R. S. (2022) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001066 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pharmacologic Approach to Insomnia
Fine, L. (2020) · Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pmr.2020.01.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Clinical correlates of drug‐related dreams in opioid use disorder
Ellis, J. D., Mayo, J. L., Finan, P. H., Gamaldo, C. E., & Huhn, A. S. (2021) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.13219 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Sleep-Reward-Pain Pathway Model: an Integrative Review
Reid, M. J., Climent‐Sanz, C., & Finan, P. H. (2022) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-022-00232-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationBuysse, D. J., Arnedt, J. T., Buenaver, L. F., Chang, J. L., Fernández‐Mendoza, J., Patel, S. I., Zhou, E. S., Falck-Ytter, Y. T., Hyer, S., Kazmi, U., et al. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1007/s44470-025-00039-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationPain Experiences in Individuals with Reported and Suspected Sleep Disorders
Ravyts, S. G., & Dzierzewski, J. M. (2021) · Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/08964289.2021.1895051 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Sleep, pain, and the problem with treating sleep to relieve pain
Finan, P. H. (2018) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2018.08.001 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationRavyts, S. G., Erickson, A. J., Washington, D. L., Yano, E. M., Carlson, G. E., Mitchell, M. N., Kelly, M. R., Alessi, C., McGowan, S. K., Song, Y., et al. (2023) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111536 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sleep Disorders and Chronic Orofacial Pain
Exposto, F. G., Arima, T., & Svensson, P. J. (2019) · Current Sleep Medicine Reports · doi:10.1007/s40675-019-00152-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sleep disturbances in temporomandibular disorders: a narrative review
Babiloni, A. H., Martel, M. O., & Lavigne, G. J. (2019) · Oral Surgery · doi:10.1111/ors.12451 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Miller, M. B., Metrik, J., McGeary, J. E., Borsari, B. E., McCrae, C. S., Maddoux, J. A., Arnedt, J. T., Merrill, J. E., & Carey, K. B. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045667 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Management of Sleep and Fatigue in Gastrointestinal Patients
Salwen‐Deremer, J. K., & Sun, M. (2022) · Gastroenterology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2022.07.007 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Why It Is Important to Consider the Effects of Analgesics on Sleep: A Critical Review
Iacovides, S., Kamerman, P. R., Baker, F. C., & Mitchell, D. (2021) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c210006 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Babiloni, A. H., Alonso, B. F., Martel, M. O., Boggero, I. A., Lavigne, G. J., Goode, A. P., & Kapos, F. P. (2025) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2025.105541 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Arnison, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1206977 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, G., Wang, S., Ma, P., & Pan, J. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2311200 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Almeida, L. A., Bilterys, T., Looveren, E. V., Maîresse, O., Cagnie, B. J., Meeus, M., Moens, M., Goubert, D., Munneke, W., Danneels, L. A., et al. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11243152 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Wilson, J. M., Yoon, J., Schreiber, K. L., Edwards, R. R., Sieberg, C. B., & Meints, S. M. (2023) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnad101 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Jennings, M. B., Kalmbach, D. A., Reffi, A. N., Miller, C. B., Roehrs, T., Drake, C. L., & Cheng, P. (2025) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2025.2500519 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Finan, P. H., Buenaver, L. F., Runko, V. T., & Smith, M. T.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Finan, Patrick H.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Clinics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-06
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 261-274
- ISSN
- 1556-407X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4248667
- OpenAlex
- W2101725333
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 2
- FWCI
- 9.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Clinics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ar054871-05)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (K23DA035915)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (P30NR014131)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01-AR-054871)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Keywords
- cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, chronic pain, sleep interventions, pain outcomes, psychosocial factors, randomized controlled trials
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review