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Fear of spiders’ questionnaire
Abstract
The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ), an 18-item self-report questionnaire assessing spider phobia, was developed in an attempt to complement the information provided by the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ). Data obtained from 338 undergraduates revealed that the FSQ was able to discriminate phobics from nonphobics, and indicated decrements in phobic responding from pretest to posttest following cognitive therapy. Test-retest data, obtained from non-treatment control groups, indicated that scores on the FSQ are stable over a one month period. The FSQ also demonstrated adequate convergent validity due to its significant correlations with the SPQ and a behavioral avoidance test. Finally, a factor analysis revealed two factors accounting for 55% of the variance. It is argued that, compared to the SPQ, items on the FSQ are more explicit regarding the time period to be assessed, and may be more sensitive to differences between phobics and nonphobics and decrements in phobic responding following treatment.
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“Seven RCTs identified phobic participants with a validated fear questionnaire (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donoghue, 1995) and by assessing their approach behavior towards the tarantula (N=344; Siegel, Anderson & Han, 2011; Siegel, Cohen & Warren, 2022; Siegel & Gallagher, 2015; Siegel, Warren, Jacobson & Merritt, 2018; Siegel & Weinberger, 2009, 2012; Weinberger, unpublishedf).”
From Advancing the treatment of anxiety disorders in transition‐age youth: a review of the therapeutic effects of unconscious exposure. (2025) · cites this paper as Szymanski & O’Donoghue, 1995
In the citing paper
“The FSQ has excellent psychometric properties.”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“According to the authors, the FSQ has good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.92) and split-half reliability (.89).”
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Cites
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Klorman, R., Weerts, T. C., Hastings, J. E., Melamed, B. G., & Lang, P. J. (1974) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(74)80008-0 · Cited by 763
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Items 301–400 of 451
Ouimet, A. J., Radomsky, A. S., & Barber, K. C. (2012) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.671175 · Cited by 6
“The FSQ demonstrates excellent internal consistency (a .92; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995), test retest reliability (r .91), and good convergent and discriminant validity (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996).”
BackgroundToffolo, M. B. J., Fehribach, J. R., van Klaveren, C., Cornelisz, I., van Straten, A., van Gelder, J., & Donker, T. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271175 · Cited by 6
“The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; [28]).”
BackgroundVicario, C. M., Salehinejad, M. A., Lucifora, C., Martino, G., Falzone, A., Grasso, G. M., & Nitsche, M. A. (2023) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-3218-5_12 · Cited by 6
AR Based Environment for Exposure Therapy to Mottephobia
Abate, A. F., Nappi, M., & Ricciardi, S. (2011) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-22021-0_1 · Cited by 6
“To this regard, the evaluation we are carrying out is based on a modified version of the “fear of spider” questionnaire originally proposed by Szymanski and O’ Donoghue [7] as, to our best knowledge, there is no specific work of this kind for mottephobia.”
MethodEvidence for a minimal role of stimulus awareness in reversal of threat learningPreprint
Homan, P., Lau, H. L., Levy, I., Raio, C. M., Bach, D. R., Carmel, D., & Schiller, D. (2021) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.050997.119 · Cited by 5
Peters, J., Visser, R. M., & Kindt, M. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102602 · Cited by 6
Cold Pressor “Augmentation” Does Not Differentially Improve Treatment Response for Spider Phobia
Schmidt, N. B., Richey, J. A., Funk, A. P., & Mitchell, M. A. (2010) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-010-9310-6 · Cited by 5
Kappelmann, N., Suesse, M., Steudte‐Schmiedgen, S., Kaldewaij, R., Browning, M. D., Michael, T., Rinck, M., & Reinecke, A. (2019) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2019.101546 · Cited by 5
Eliciting and attenuating reinstatement of fear: Effects of an unextinguished CS
Krisch, K. A., Bandarian‐Balooch, S., Neumann, D. L., & Zhong, J. (2020) · Learning and Motivation · doi:10.1016/j.lmot.2020.101650 · Cited by 5
ERP correlates of attentional processing in spider fear: evidence of threat-specific hypervigilance
Venetacci, R., Johnstone, A., Kirkby, K. C., & Matthews, A. J. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1310717 · Cited by 5
“As expected, high fear participants showed significantly higher scores on both spider fear scales (SPQ and FSQ).”
BackgroundInfluentialRamírez-Fernández, C., Morán, A. L., & Meza-Kubo, V. (2018) · International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing and Ambient Intelligence · doi:10.3390/proceedings2191252 · Cited by 5
“The results of an evaluation with 25 subjects with a diagnostic lower than 97 using the fear and avoidance questionnaire (scale 0 to 16) [36], suggest that it is better to use invisible markers in AR systems, given that 100% of the participants indicated that they were more surprised when observing the object of fear.”
ResultBasanovic, J., Page, J. T., & MacLeod, C. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104052 · Cited by 5
SpiDa-MRI: behavioral and (f)MRI data of adults with fear of spiders
Zhang, M., Karner, A., Kostorz, K., Shea, S., Steyrl, D., Melinščak, F., Sladky, R., Lor, C. S., & Scharnowski, F. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04569-w · Cited by 9
Chang, Y., Arifin, H., Hung, T.-M., Lin, C.-L., Ye, J.-Y., Pien, L., Su, P.-Y., Chen, R., & Chou, K. (2026) · Journal of Global Health · doi:10.7189/jogh.16.04090 · Cited by 4
Lemmens, A., Aarts, E., & Dibbets, P. (2023) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2023.104442 · Cited by 1
Calling All Arachnophobic Entomologists: A Request for Information
Vetter, R. S. (2012) · American Entomologist · doi:10.1093/ae/58.4.199 · Cited by 4
Matthews, A., Mackintosh, C., Williams, S., Williams, M., & Kirkby, K. (2017) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.07.012 · Cited by 6
Lösch, A., Grafton, B., & MacLeod, C. (2016) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12140 · Cited by 4
Ouimet, A., Bahl, N., & Radomsky, A. S. (2017) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2016.1223019 · Cited by 4
“It demonstrates excellent internal consistency (Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995), retest reliability (r = .91) and good convergent and discriminant validity (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996).”
BackgroundInteractive multiplatform software to mitigate arachnophobia through augmented reality
Plasencia, A. R. G., & Escobar-Sánchez, M. E. (2018) · KnE Engineering · doi:10.18502/keg.v1i2.1489 · Cited by 4
“For being more assertive than the SPQ (Spider Phobia Questionary) at the time of discriminating between phobic and not phobic [32, 33].”
Background하승수, & Kwon, S. (2011) · The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.2.001 · Cited by 4
An online spider game: Overcome your fear, exposure is near
Dibbets, P., & Schruers, K. R. J. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2022.100201 · Cited by 4
Kapustka, J., Zieliński, D., Borowiec, P., Gos, D., & Czupryna, W. (2023) · Journal of Animal Science Biology and Bioeconomy · doi:10.24326/jasbb.2023.5045 · Cited by 4
Karner, A., Zhang, M., Lor, C. S., Steyrl, D., Götzendorfer, S. J., Weidt, S., Melinščak, F., & Scharnowski, F. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1327367 · Cited by 4
“…questionnaires, which were presented to them in the following order: (1) the validated German version of the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995; Rinck et al., 2002), (2) the German adaptation of the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ; Watts and Sharrock, 1984;…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialVanaelst, J., Spruyt, A., & Houwer, J. D. (2016) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00717 · Cited by 4
“Both Szymanski and Donohue (1995) and Muris and Merkelbach (1996) reported very high internal consistency estimates for the FSQ (i.e., Cronbach’s alpha’s equal or larger than 0.92).”
InfluentialTask-irrelevant spider associations affect categorization performance.
Woud, M., Ellwart, T., Langner, O., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.12.008 · Cited by 3
Der Zusammenhang von Ekel und Ekelempfindlichkeit mit Spinnen- und Blut-Spritzen-Verletzungsängsten
Oßwald, S., & Reinecker, H. S. (2004) · Verhaltenstherapie · doi:10.1159/000078028 · Cited by 4
Wright, B., Alderson‐Day, B., Prendergast, G., Kennedy, J., Bennett, S. D., Docherty, M. J., Whitton, C., Manea, L., Gouws, A. D., Tomlinson, H., et al. (2013) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.09.011 · Cited by 4
“Outcomes of treatment were also assessed quantitatively using three questionnaires: the Fear of Spiders questionnaire (Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995), the Fear Survey Schedule (Wolpe and Lang, 1964) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (Beck et al.”
MethodIntrinsic Emotional Relevance of Outcomes and Prediction Error
Nahum, L., Barcellona‐Lehmann, S., Morand, S. M., Sander, D., & Schnider, A. (2012) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027/0269-8803/a000066 · Cited by 4
“All participants declared not to be spiderphobic, which was confirmed by low to moderate scores in a French version of the Fear of Spider Questionnaire (Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995; M ± SD , 39.38 ± 20).”
InfluentialGrimaldos, J., Bretón-López, J., Palau-Batet, M., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., & Quero, S. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069025 · Cited by 3
Cobb, A. R., McTeague, L. M., O'Connor, P., Gonzalez-Lima, F., & Telch, M. J. (2025) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2025.104701 · Cited by 3
Bodily illusion enhances subjective fear of safety-margin violations surrounding the bodily self
Ohata, R., & Ehrsson, H. H. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-95976-x · Cited by 3
“At the beginning of the experiment, the participants completed the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ), an 18-item self-report measure assessing spider phobia 46 .”
Rassaby, M. M., Spaulding, I. G., Stein, M. B., & Taylor, C. T. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120733 · Cited by 3
Boschet, J. M., Scherbaum, S., & Pittig, A. (2024) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2024.102844 · Cited by 6
Mahmoudi-Nejad, A., Guzdial, M., & Boulanger, P. (2025) · ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1145/3766062 · Cited by 4
“VRET interventions for arachnophobia have demonstrated significant reductions in fear of spiders, avoidance behavior, and self-reported fear among clinical populations [14, 28, 29, 36, 43, 52, 68, 78–80 Garcia-Palacios et al. [43] was one of the first studies that showed the effectiveness of VRET…”
Fear of spiders: The effect of real threat on the interference caused by symbolic threat
Kwakkenbos, L., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930902995901 · Cited by 3
“The SAS was repeated directly before the actual experiment, together with the Dutch version of the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O'Donohue, 1995 ).”
Glucocorticoids and cortical decoding in the phobic brain
Schwab, S., Federspiel, A., Morishima, Y., Nakataki, M., Strik, W. K., Wiest, R., Heinrichs, M., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., & Soravia, L. M. (2020) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111066 · Cited by 3
Xu, M., Rowe, K., & Purdon, C. L. (2021) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-020-10193-2 · Cited by 3
“Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue 1995) The FSQ is an 18-item scale that assesses negative response to and attitudes about spiders, and fear of harm by spiders.”
BackgroundMethodGonzález-Lozoya, S. M., Meza-Kubo, V., Rodríguez, A. D., Ramírez-Fernández, C., Valerio, E. B., Moreyra-Jiménez, L., & Morán, A. L. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0281338 · Cited by 3
“• Questionnaire on the fear of rats (FRQ): it is a questionnaire that has been adapted from the Fear of Spider Questionnaire (FSQ [37]), for this, the word “spiders” has been modified to “rats”, and the questions were modified to evaluate the phobia of rats [38].”
Test of the dual‐belief system in women with and without phobic fear of spiders: a pilot study
Pössel, P., & Holzhay, A. (2006) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.493 · Cited by 3
Relationship between Disgust and Memory Biases in Spider Fear
Teachman, B. A., & Smith-Janik, S. B. (2009) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2009.2.1.16 · Cited by 3
“Materials Spider fear was measured using both the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974) and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
MethodInfluence of single‐dose quetiapine on fear network activity – A pharmaco‐imaging study
Diemer, J., Zwanzger, P., Fohrbeck, I., Zavorotnyy, M., Notzon, S., Silling, K., Arolt, V., Domschke, K., & Pfleiderer, B. (2017) · Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.021 · Cited by 3
“Further, we administered the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) (Szymanski and O'Donohue, 1995), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) (Beck et al.”
Approach behavior as information
van Uijen, S. L., van den Hout, M., & Engelhard, I. M. (2017) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2017.03.001 · Cited by 3
Realidad virtual como tratamiento para la fobia específica a las arañas: una revisión sistemática
Bueno-Sánchez, L., Díaz-Africano, N., Restrepo-García, D., Solano-Gualdrón, A., & Gantiva, C. (2019) · Psychologia · doi:10.21500/19002386.4024 · Cited by 3
Preferential processing in anxiety : selective attention & spatial affective simon effects
Schrooten, M. G. S. (2007) · doi:10.26481/dis.20070628ms · Cited by 3
Siegel, P., & Peterson, B. S. (2025) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14037 · Cited by 2
Nebot Ibáñez, S., Quero Castellano, S., Bretón-López, J., Pérez Ara, M. Á., & Molés Amposta, M. (2015) · Àgora de salut · doi:10.6035/agorasalut.2015.1.18 · Cited by 2
A Gamified Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Individuals with Arachnophobia: A Pilot Study
Lopes, I. S., de Almeida, R. S., Gomes, P. V., & Marques, A. J. (2025) · Virtual Worlds · doi:10.3390/virtualworlds4020015 · Cited by 3
Hildebrand, A. S., Grensing, F., Schmücker, V., Roesmann, K., Planert, J., Maleshkova, M., & Klucken, T. (2025) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01272-4 · Cited by 3
“…measures like the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ; Watts and Sharrock 1984; Olatunji et al. 2009) and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O'Donohue 1995), and (2) clinical interviews like the Structured Diagnostics Inter-view for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of…”
Aue, T., Hoeppli, M., Scharnowski, F., & Steyrl, D. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.040 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, participants rated their fear of spiders on a scale from 0 (no fear at all) to 100 (maximal or extreme fear) and on the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; (Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995)).”
BackgroundLeech, A., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2021) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-021-00470-1 · Cited by 2
IS3TA - A mixed reality tool for exposure-based therapies
Nunes, M., & Menezes, P. J. (2022) · International Conference on Graphics and Interaction (ICGI) · doi:10.1109/icgi57174.2022.9990068 · Cited by 2
Is It Safe Now? Intolerance of Uncertainty as a Pre-treatment Predictor of Exposure Outcome
Carpentier, N., Hermans, D., & Scheveneels, S. (2023) · Collabra Psychology · doi:10.1525/collabra.77777 · Cited by 2
The Effect of Media Exposure on Coulrophobia Symptoms
Gan, A. Y. (2024) · Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders · doi:10.26502/jppd.2572-519x0213 · Cited by 2
de Vos, J. H., Lange, I., Goossens, L., Leibold, N. K., Cort, K. D., Bakker, J. M., Michielse, S., Marcelis, M. C., van Os, J., van Amelsvoort, T., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.01.133 · Cited by 2
Specific Phobias: Maintaining Control in the Face of Chaotic Threats
Rothschild, Z. K., Hauri, J., & Keefer, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2020.39.5.383 · Cited by 2
Elsey, J. W. B., Metselaar, V. N., Geiser, E., Knoop, D. F., Gangadien, S. M., Schrijver, N. A., van den Nieuwenhof, L. M., Spiekman, V. M., Jakschik, M. J., Enkelaar, C. M., et al. (2024) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.2024.2405876 · Cited by 2
“The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) was used to assess fear of spiders.”
Towards reactive augmented reality exposure treatment
Duenser, A., Abramovici, D., Obaid, M., & Lochner, M. (2014) · International Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare · doi:10.4108/icst.pervasivehealth.2014.255341 · Cited by 2
“Participants were screened using the Fear of Spiders questionnaire (FSQ [21]; see below for more details).”
MethodDemonstrating Psychodynamic Conflict with a Neuropsychoanalytic Experimental Paradigm
Siegel, P. F., & Peterson, B. S. (2012) · Neuropsychoanalysis · doi:10.1080/15294145.2012.10773705 · Cited by 2
“The phobic, counterphobic, and nonphobic subjects are being recruited with the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995), a Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT) that entails approaching a live tarantula in a series of steps (see Siegel & Weinberger, 2009), and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM– IV…”
MethodPinpointing regional surface distortions of the amygdala in patients with spider phobia
Fisler, M., Dierks, T., Federspiel, A., Horn, H., Schmitt, W. J., Wiest, R., de Quervain, D., & Soravia, L. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Functions · doi:10.7243/2055-3447-1-2 · Cited by 2
“In all participants, spider phobic symptoms were assessed more specifically with the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) [27] and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) [58].”
MethodA dissociation between detection and identification of phobic stimuli: Unconscious perception?
Siegel, P. F., Han, E., Cohen, D., & Anderson, J. F. (2013) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.774264 · Cited by 2
“In what they thought was an independent study, the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) was administered to 450 undergraduates at a public northeastern college.”
Nebel-Schwalm, M. S., Spano, P., & Davis, T. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818697-8.00227-2 · Cited by 2
Teng, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.23368 · Cited by 2
Wright, B., Kennedy, J., Bennett, S. D., Manea, L., Tomlinson, H., & Tindall, L. (2015) · Cited by 2
Zimmer, A., Wang, N., Ibach, M., Fehlmann, B., Schicktanz, N. S., Bentz, D., Michael, T., Papassotiropoulos, A., & de Quervain, D. J. ‐. (2021) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/cjrgk · Cited by 2
Dethier, V., & Philippot, P. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.03.013 · Cited by 1
Virtual Reality Treatments for Specific Phobias: A Review
Roy, S., & Kavitha, R. (2017) · Oriental journal of computer science and technology · doi:10.13005/ojcst/10.01.18 · Cited by 1
Teixeira, M. K., de Almeida, J. H., Bortoloti, R., & Huziwara, E. M. (2021) · Perspectivas em Análise do Comportamento · doi:10.18761/pac.2021.v12.rft.08 · Cited by 1
SpiderHand: Supporting Arachnophobia Therapy Using Motion-Controlled Robotic Manipulator
Dominiak, J., Woźniak, M. P., Romanowski, A., Chaniecki, Z., & Grudzień, K. (2020) · EAI International Conference on Mobile and Ubiquitous Systems: Computing, Networking and Services (MobiQuitous) · doi:10.1145/3448891.3450335 · Cited by 1
“The result of the FSQ was calculated on the go, to verify whether the participant is not suffering from severe phobia - FSQ score range from 18 to 126, SpiderHand: Supporting Arachnophobia Therapy Using Motion-Controlled Robotic Manipulator MobiQuitous ’20, December 7–9, 2020, Darmstadt, Germany where symptoms of phob…”
MethodInfluentialAdults with Animal Phobia: Systematic Replication of Clinical Cases
Ruiz‐García, A., & Aguayo, L. V. (2022) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2022.20 · Cited by 1
Grieder, M., Denier, N., Jann, K., Strik, W. K., Soravia, L. M., Adorjan, K., Meyer, M., & Jehli, E. (2025) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121371 · Cited by 1
“To definitively subdivide the participants into groups with SP and without SP, the Fear of Spider Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995) was performed during the testing session to assess SP severity.”
Brainwide Analysis of Functional Connectivity Patterns in Specific Phobia and Its Treatment
Muehlhan, M., Schäfer, J., Hilbert, K., Seidl, E., & Beesdo-Baum, K. (2025) · Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science · doi:10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100562 · Cited by 1
Schicktanz, N. S., Dechent, F., Huber, C. A., Zimmer, A., Iseli, G. C., Howald, J., Schenker, M. T., Gräff, J., Lang, U. E., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., et al. (2025) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291725101475 · Cited by 1
Meckes, S. J., Cole, A., Gee, K., & Lancaster, C. L. (2025) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-025-10667-1 · Cited by 1
Brown, C. R. H. (2026) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-025-02227-9 · Cited by 1
“1995).”
VRSPi: towards a neuroadaptive VR exposure therapy system for spider phobia
Wriessnegger, S. C., Kiatthaveephong, S., Leitner, M., & Kostoglou, K. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1717588 · Cited by 1
“This questionnaire, based on Szymanski and O’Donohue (1995), consists of 18 items scored on a 7-point scale, with total scores obtained by summing all item points.”
Jessup, S. C., Armstrong, T., Hord, C. M., Dalmaijer, E. S., & Olatunji, B. O. (2024) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101986 · Cited by 1
Stanley-Kime, K. L. (2008) · Cited by 1
Baharum, A., Zain, N. H. M., Yasin, A. M., Jono, M. N. H. H., Noh, N. A. M., & Alias, N. (2019) · Applied Mechanics and Materials · doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.892.150 · Cited by 1
Woźniak, M. P., Dominiak, J., Malaya, M., Łuczak, P., Grudzień, K., Romanowski, A., Chaniecki, Z., & Woźniak, P. W. (2019) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/3341162.3343832 · Cited by 1
“To quantify the liking/aversion towards those, the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) was used [9].”
Increased body sway in phobic patients exposed to images of spiders
Linares, I. M. P., Nardi, A. E., Guimarães, F. S., Arrais, K. C., Chagas, M. H. N., Osório, F. D. L., Hallak, J. E. C., Zuardi, A. W., Coimbra, N. C., & Crippa, J. A. S. (2020) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1466 · Cited by 1
Koch, E. I., & Fernando, M. A. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70539-2_38 · Cited by 1
Rosellini, A. J., Tung, E. S., & Brown, T. A. (2018) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108140416.012 · Cited by 1
Palau-Batet, M., Bretón-López, J. M., Grimaldos, J., Díaz-Sanahuja, L., & Quero, S. (2023) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069026 · Cited by 1
Moving spiders do not boost visual search in spider fear
Becker, M., Troje, N. F., Schmidt, F., & Haberkamp, A. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-69468-3 · Cited by 1
“For point-light stimuli, we used four videos per animal category with different walking directions (left to right, right to left, upper right to lower left corner, lower left to upper right corner).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialGranado, L. C., Ranvaud, R., Ropero, J., Moraes, M., & Prestes, L. (2007) · Cited by 1
Indirect measures of associations and psychopathology: applications to Spider Phobia
Ellwart, T. (2004) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden) · Cited by 1
Jenkins, W. S. (2014) · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.1615 · Cited by 1
“The spider fear group (n = 36) consisted of participants scoring equal to or higher than a score of 54 on the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) and endorsement of avoidance of spiders or intense distress when confronted with a spider (per Huijding & de Jong, 2006; Johnstone & Page, 2004 who i…”
BackgroundInfluentialMcVeigh, K., Kleckner, I. R., Quigley, K. S., & Satpute, A. B. (2022) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/7uk4z · Cited by 1
Karner, A., Obenaus, L., Zhang, M., Lor, C. S., Kostorz, K., Pegler, D., Leopold, M.-L., Melinščak, F., Steyrl, D., & Scharnowski, F. (2024) · PsyArXiv (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/ht2pr · Cited by 2
Lor, C. S., Steyrl, D., Karner, A., Götzendorfer, S. J., Klimesch, A., Eder, S. J., Renz, F. M., Rother, J., Scharnowski, F., & Melinščak, F. (2025) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-025-04908-x · Cited by 1
“…also includes demographic data (age and gender) and a series of pre-and post-exposure assessments, i.e., the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) 13 , the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) 14 , and the Spinnenangst Screening (SAS) 15 , which all provide standardized measures of phobic symptom…”
InfluentialKoerner, N., Rogojanski, J., & Antony, M. M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511781919.007
Association between fear and visual memory for central and peripheral details
Anderson, C. T. (2006)
Claustrophobia, Judicious Use of Safety, and Return of Fear: A Literature Review
Davidson, J. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
The influence of pain-related fear on pain perception: attention as a possible mediator
Roelofs, J. (2004) · Research Publications (Maastricht University) · doi:10.26481/dis.20040610jr
Social affiliation: A model of anxious avoidance in women
Stoyanova, M. (2013) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska)
Hoyer, J., & Margraf, J. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-18976-0_13
Metadata
- Authors
- Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W.
- Affiliations
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Szymanski, Jeff
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-34
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995533212
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- spider phobia, phobia assessment, cognitive therapy, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, behavioral avoidance, questionnaire development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Arousal, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Spiders, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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