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Fear of spiders’ questionnaire
Abstract
The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ), an 18-item self-report questionnaire assessing spider phobia, was developed in an attempt to complement the information provided by the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ). Data obtained from 338 undergraduates revealed that the FSQ was able to discriminate phobics from nonphobics, and indicated decrements in phobic responding from pretest to posttest following cognitive therapy. Test-retest data, obtained from non-treatment control groups, indicated that scores on the FSQ are stable over a one month period. The FSQ also demonstrated adequate convergent validity due to its significant correlations with the SPQ and a behavioral avoidance test. Finally, a factor analysis revealed two factors accounting for 55% of the variance. It is argued that, compared to the SPQ, items on the FSQ are more explicit regarding the time period to be assessed, and may be more sensitive to differences between phobics and nonphobics and decrements in phobic responding following treatment.
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“Seven RCTs identified phobic participants with a validated fear questionnaire (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donoghue, 1995) and by assessing their approach behavior towards the tarantula (N=344; Siegel, Anderson & Han, 2011; Siegel, Cohen & Warren, 2022; Siegel & Gallagher, 2015; Siegel, Warren, Jacobson & Merritt, 2018; Siegel & Weinberger, 2009, 2012; Weinberger, unpublishedf).”
From Advancing the treatment of anxiety disorders in transition‐age youth: a review of the therapeutic effects of unconscious exposure. (2025) · cites this paper as Szymanski & O’Donoghue, 1995
In the citing paper
“The FSQ has excellent psychometric properties.”
From In Vivo versus augmented reality exposure in the treatment of small animal phobia: A randomized controlled trial (2016) · cites this paper as [55]
In the citing paper
“According to the authors, the FSQ has good internal consistency (Cronbach alpha=.92) and split-half reliability (.89).”
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Cites
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Self-citationThe potential role of state-dependent learning in cognitive therapy with spider phobics
Szymanski, J., & O’Donohue, W. (1995) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/bf02354458 · Cited by 12
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Items 201–300 of 451
Aue, T., Guex, R., Chauvigné, L. A. S., Okon‐Singer, H., & Vuilleumier, P. O. (2018) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000496 · Cited by 18
Graham, B. M., Weiner, S., & Li, S. H. (2020) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12267 · Cited by 17
Lancaster, C. L., Monfils, M., & Telch, M. J. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103730 · Cited by 18
Placebo and Non-specific Effects in Reconsolidation-Based Treatment for Arachnophobia
Elsey, J. W. B., & Kindt, M. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.775770 · Cited by 18
“Standardized Questionnaires Multiple psychometrically-validated questionnaires were used to assess participants’ level of fear of spiders [SPQ: (22); Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ): (26)], their state and trait anxiety [State-Trait Anxiety Index (STAI): (27)], possible depressive symptoms [Patient Health Question…”
MethodEffting, M., Salemink, E., Verschuère, B., & Beckers, T. (2015) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2015.10.003 · Cited by 22
Basanovic, J., Dean, L., Riskind, J. H., & MacLeod, C. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.10.004 · Cited by 16
McVeigh, K., Kleckner, I. R., Quigley, K. S., & Satpute, A. B. (2023) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0001265 · Cited by 19
Ferraioli, F., Culicetto, L., Cecchetti, L., Falzone, A., Tomaiuolo, F., Quartarone, A., & Vicario, C. M. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14050510 · Cited by 18
“The study found a significant positive correlation between the FEE total score and FSQ [42].”
BackgroundBrain activity associated with illusory correlations in animal phobia
Wiemer, J., Schulz, S. M., Reicherts, P., Glotzbach-Schoon, E., Andreatta, M., & Pauli, P. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu142 · Cited by 16
“The two groups significantly differed in the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ; Watts and Sharrock, 1984), the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995) and the state version of the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI; Spielberger et al., 1970).”
BackgroundMechanisms of visual threat detection in specific phobia
Weierich, M. R., & Treat, T. A. (2014) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.960369 · Cited by 16
“The pre-screening measure included a subset of 10 items from the 18-item Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) and a subset of 10 items from the 30-item Snake Anxiety Questionnaire (SNAQ; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974).”
Scheveneels, S., De Witte, N., & Van Daele, T. (2023) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102695 · Cited by 15
Hasan, S., Alhaj, H., & Hassoulas, A. (2023) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/51318 · Cited by 15
“At the same time, FSQ and the SPBQ are ideally used together to cover the gaps in SPBQ [27].”
MethodImpact of Priming on Explicit Memory in Spider Fear
Smith-Janik, S. B., & Teachman, B. A. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-007-9122-5 · Cited by 15
“Fear measures included the Spider Questionnaire (SPQ; Klorman, Weerts, Hastings, Melamed, & Lang, 1974) and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
MethodThe effect of very brief exposure on experienced fear after in vivo exposure
Siegel, P. F., & Warren, R. (2013) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.756803 · Cited by 15
“The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ, Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcSorley, E., Morriss, J., & van Reekum, C. M. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.11.008 · Cited by 14
Mor, S., Grimaldos, J., Tur, C., Miguel, C., Cuijpers, P. J., Botella, C., & Quero, S. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100462 · Cited by 18
Specific phobias in older adults: characteristics and differential diagnosis
Coelho, C. M., Gonçalves, D. C., Purkis, H. M., Pocinho, M. M. F. D. D., Pachana, N. A., & Byrne, G. J. (2010) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610210000505 · Cited by 16
“Additionally, there are several screening instruments that tap specific phobias, such as spiders (Fear of Spiders Questionnaire; Szymanski and Odonohue, 1995) and heights (Acrophobia Questionnaire; Cohen, 1977).”
BackgroundSoravia, L. M., Orosz, A., Schwab, S., Nakataki, M., Wiest, R., & Federspiel, A. (2016) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.510 · Cited by 14
Reducing avoidance in adults with high spider fear using perceptual discrimination training
Ginat‐Frolich, R., Klein, Z., Aderka, I. M., & Shechner, T. (2019) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22930 · Cited by 14
“After the approval by the University Institutional Review Board, participants with high spider fear were recruited using the Fear of Spiders questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O'Donohue, 1995).”
MethodGaab, J., Jucker, P., Staub‐Bartelt, F., & Ehlert, U. (2005) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443.34.2.121 · Cited by 14
An exploration of the nomological network of trypophobia
Mayor, E., Meyer, A. H., Miani, A., & Lieb, R. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257409 · Cited by 13
“The second and third attention checks were additional items embedded in the TQ (“Select moderately here”) and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; “Currently, I pay attention.”
MethodPre- and post-task resting-state differs in clinical populations
Lor, C. S., Zhang, M., Karner, A., Steyrl, D., Sladky, R., Scharnowski, F., & Haugg, A. (2023) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103345 · Cited by 12
I am going to gag: Disgust cognitions in spider and blood–injury–injection fears
Teachman, B. A., & Saporito, J. (2008) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930801961731 · Cited by 13
“Symptoms of spider phobia were assessed using the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995), a widely used 18-item scale that assesses participants’ avoidance and fear of harm from spiders.”
MethodReinecke, A., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2009) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.07.007 · Cited by 13
Wrzesien, M., Burkhardt, J., Botella, C., & Alcañíz, M. (2014) · Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science · doi:10.1080/1463922x.2014.903307 · Cited by 13
Klein, A. M., van Niekerk, R. E., Baartmans, J. M. D., Rinck, M., & Becker, E. S. (2016) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12132 · Cited by 13
“Szymanski and O’Donohue (1995) addressed this last issue when comparing the adult version of the SPQ with the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ).”
BackgroundGlucocorticoid administration restores salience network activity in patients with spider phobia
Soravia, L. M., Schwab, S., Weber, N., Nakataki, M., Wiest, R., Strik, W. K., Heinrichs, M., de Quervain, D. J. ‐., & Federspiel, A. (2018) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22806 · Cited by 13
“A three-way ANOVA, with the factors of category, group, and emotional valence, was conducted to reveal differences in DMN BMI: bodymass index; FSQ: Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (German version); STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; VAS: visual analog scale. aDuring imaging, each picture had to be rated in the scanner…”
MethodLeech, A., Bouyrden, J., Bruijsten, N., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & McEnteggart, C. (2018) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2018.08.012 · Cited by 13
Papalini, S., Lange, I., Bakker, J. M., Michielse, S., Marcelis, M. C., Wichers, M., Vervliet, B., van Os, J., van Amelsvoort, T., Goossens, L., et al. (2019) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.02.002 · Cited by 14
“The FSQ has good to excellent psychometric properties, including an internal consistency of 0.92 (Szymanski and O'Donohue, 1995).”
InfluentialDelaying in vivo exposure to a tarantula with very brief exposure to phobic stimuli
Siegel, P. F., & Gallagher, K. A. (2014) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.10.005 · Cited by 14
Augmented reality exposure treatments in anxiety and related disorders: A systematic review
Grimaldos, J., Fernández-Buendía, S., Bretón-López, J., Miguel, C., Cuijpers, P., & Quero, S. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100812 · Cited by 12
“The most representative questionnaires among the studies focused on specific phobia were the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O ’ Donohue, 1995) and the Spider Phobia Beliefs Questionnaire (SBQ; Arntz et al., 1993).”
A Pilot Evaluation of a Therapeutic Game Applied to Small Animal Phobia Treatment
Wrzesien, M., Alcañíz, M., Botella, C., Burkhardt, J., Bretón-López, J. M., & Rodríguez, A. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-11623-5_2 · Cited by 12
“Spider and cockroach anxiety and avoidance questionnaire The measure of anxiety and avoidance level was performed by applying the spider and cockroaches fear questionnaire (adapted from [23]).”
MethodAssessing Safety Behaviors in Fear of Storms: Validation of the Storm-Related Safety Behavior Scale
Krause, K. L., MacDonald, E. M., Goodwill, A. M., Vorstenbosch, V., & Antony, M. M. (2017) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-017-9622-x · Cited by 12
Brailsford, R., Catherwood, D., Tyson, P. J., & Edgar, G. K. (2013) · Laterality Asymmetries of Body Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1080/1357650x.2013.791306 · Cited by 12
Spider Fear Versus Scorpion Fear in Undergraduate Students at Five American Universities
Vetter, R. S., Draney, M. L., Brown, C. A., Trumble, J. T., Gouge, D. H., Hinkle, N. C., & Pace-Schott, E. F. (2018) · American Entomologist · doi:10.1093/ae/tmy030 · Cited by 12
Leech, A., & Barnes‐Holmes, D. (2019) · Behavioural Processes · doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2019.104027 · Cited by 12
McSorley, E., & Morriss, J. (2015) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2015.1081872 · Cited by 12
Active Approach Does not Add to the Effects of in Vivo Exposure
van Uijen, S. L., van den Hout, M., & Engelhard, I. M. (2015) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.042014 · Cited by 12
“The FSQ (Szymanski & O'Donohue, 1995) was used as a dependent variable and to check for pre-test differences in spider fear.”
InfluentialFaking on direct, indirect, and behavioural measures of spider fear: Can you get away with it?
Langner, O., Ouwens, M. A., Muskens, M., Trumpf, J., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2009) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930802652412 · Cited by 12
“Average sum scores ( SD s) were 2.4 (10.8), 19.2 (23.7), and 98.8 (12.1) for the FSQ; and 0.9 (3.5), 8.8 (7.4), and 22.9 (2.1) for the SAS in the fake-low, neutral, and fake-high conditions, respectively.”
InfluentialLeuchter, M. K., Rosenberg, B. M., Schapira, G., Wong, N. R., Leuchter, A. F., McGlade, A. L., Krantz, D. E., Ginder, N. D., Lee, J. C., Wilke, S. A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.823158 · Cited by 10
“Three-way effect models showed significant effects for group, BAT step, and time (Wald χ2: χ2 SCL = 51.9, χ2 AntD = 167.8, χ2 MaxD = 105.3; all p < 0.001) with no significant interactions for any of the outcome measures (SCL: β = −0.002, SEM = 0.06, Frontiers in Psychiatry | www.frontiersin.org 6 March 2022 | Volume 1…”
MethodInfluentialBerdica, E., Gerdes, A. B. M., & Alpers, G. W. (2016) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2016.07.013 · Cited by 11
Abado, E., Aue, T., & Okon‐Singer, H. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1232985 · Cited by 12
“Following the experiment, participants were asked to fill the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995): the FSQ reliably differentiates between individuals with and without spider phobia.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMasking exposure to phobic stimuli reduces fear without inducing electrodermal activity
Siegel, P. F., Warren, R., Jacobson, G., & Merritt, E. (2017) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13045 · Cited by 11
“The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) was given to 600 undergraduates at a public northeastern college.”
MethodInfluentialChalkia, A., Vanaken, L., Fonteyne, R., & Beckers, T. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-40827-9 · Cited by 10
Priming of Courageous Behavior: Contrast Effects in Spider Fearful Women
Cougle, J. R., & Hawkins, K. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.21961 · Cited by 11
Cold Pressor Pain Reduces Phobic Fear But Fear Does Not Reduce Pain
Hollin, G. J. S., & Derbyshire, S. W. G. (2009) · Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.03.015 · Cited by 11
Reducing emotional reasoning: An experimental manipulation in individuals with fear of spiders
Lommen, M. J. J., Engelhard, I. M., van den Hout, M., & Arntz, A. R. (2013) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.795482 · Cited by 11
An Optical See-Through Augmented Reality System for the Treatment of Phobia to Small Animals
Juan, M. ‐., Alcañíz, M., Calatrava, J., Zaragozá, I., Baños, R., & Botella, C. (2007) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-73335-5_70 · Cited by 11
Visual working memory and threat monitoring: Spider fearfuls show disorder-specific change detection
Reinecke, A., Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2010) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.003 · Cited by 10
Javanbakht, A., Madaboosi, S., & Grasser, L. R. (2021) · Annals of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.12788/acp.0042 · Cited by 13
“22 The FSQ is scored by taking the sum of all responses (minimum = 18, maximum = 126).”
Khaleghi, A., Narimani, A., Aghaei, Z., Banaraki, A. K., & Hassani‐Abharian, P. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/34535 · Cited by 13
“The FSQ demonstrates excellent internal consistency with Cronbach α ranging from .88 to .97 [42,43] and good test-retest reliability [42].”
MethodFear of clowns: An investigation into the prevalence of coulrophobia in an international sample
Tyson, P. J., Davies, S. K., Scorey, S., & Greville, W. J. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2022.2046925 · Cited by 9
“In addition to straightforward questions asking participants if and to what extent they were afraid of clowns, we developed an instrument to assess fear of clowns, adapted from the fear of spiders questionnaire (Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
MethodOut of control: The role of spider movement and intolerance of uncertainty in spider fear
Grill, M., & Haberkamp, A. (2023) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.1177/20438087231151502 · Cited by 10
“FSQ is an 18-item scale also measuring spider phobia symptom severity (German version by Rinck et al., 2002; original by Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundHealy, P., Lu, C., Silk, J. S., Lindhiem, O. J., Harper, R., Viswanathan, A., & Babichenko, D. (2023) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/42025 · Cited by 11
“Garcia-Palacios et al [33], in their study with the largest effect size as summarized by Opri ş et al [11], found that a VRET app reduced self-reported fear of spiders, from a spider fear questionnaire [34], from 97.42 on average to 57.42, or about a 41% reduction, which is superior to Dr. Zoo.”
ResultInfluentialPrepare for scare—Impact of threat predictability on affective visual processing in spider phobia
Klahn, A. L., Klinkenberg, I. A. G., Notzon, S., Arolt, V., Pantev, C., Zwanzger, P., & Junghöfer, M. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.045 · Cited by 10
Fatharany, F., Hariadi, R. R., Herumurti, D., & Yuniarti, A. (2016) · International Conference on Information & Communication Technology and System (ICTS) · doi:10.1109/icts.2016.7910271 · Cited by 10
“1) Measuring the participants’ level of fear towards cockroaches using the modified and translated Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) [15] as used in the scientific journal by J. Breto´n-Lo´pez, Ph.D. [7] 2) During the immersion, participants must rate their maximum level of anxiety on a 0-to-10 scale, where 0 is no…”
MethodInfluentialRelating experimentally-induced fear to pre-existing phobic fear in the human brain
Levine, S. M., Pfaller, M. A., Reichenberger, J., Shiban, Y., Mühlberger, A., Rupprecht, R., & Schwarzbach, J. V. (2017) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsx147 · Cited by 10
“The second round of screening consisted of responding to the German version (Rinck et al., 2002) of the ‘Fear of Spiders Questionnaire’ (Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995), in order to better quantify participants’ fear of spiders, and two derivative questionnaires to additionally quantify their fear…”
BackgroundSteudte‐Schmiedgen, S., Fay, E., Capitão, L. P., Kirschbaum, C., & Reinecke, A. (2021) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811211001087 · Cited by 10
“, 2002) and the extensive self-report Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ) (Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodExpectations of objective threats and aversive feelings in specific fears
Elsey, J. W. B., & Kindt, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-00317-3 · Cited by 10
Assessing dog fear: Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Dog Phobia Questionnaire
Vorstenbosch, V., Antony, M. M., Koerner, N., & Boivin, M. K. (2011) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2011.10.006 · Cited by 10
The Fear of Cockroaches Questionnaire (FCQ)
Scandola, M., Bastianelli, A., Spoto, A., & Vidotto, G. (2010) · University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE) · Cited by 10
A dual-process view on medication adherence: The role of affect
Kleppe, M., Lacroix, J. P. W., Ham, J. R. C., & Midden, C. (2017) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105317690599 · Cited by 10
Understanding How to Administer Voice Surveys through Smart Speakers
Wei, J., Jiang, W., Wang, C., Yu, D., Goncalves, J., Dingler, T., & Kostakos, V. (2022) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3555606 · Cited by 9
“Previous studies on our selected questionnaires have already confirmed that those questionnaires have great split-half reliability, i.e., any halves of those questionnaires are equal, and participants should score similarly in both halves [17, 24, 77, 86].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialBrice, D., Gibson, Z., McGuinness, F., & Rafferty, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.707731 · Cited by 9
Over the Edge: Extending the duration of a reconsolidation intervention for spider fear
Filmer, A. I., Peters, J., Bridge, L. A., Visser, R. M., & Kindt, M. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02020-x · Cited by 9
“The Spider Phobia Questionnaire [35] (SPQ; range 0–31) and Fear of Spiders Questionnaire [36] (FSQ; range 0–186) assessed self-reported spider fear, where higher scores indicate more fear.”
BackgroundCougle, J. R., Summers, B. J., Harvey, A. M., Dillon, K. H., & Allan, N. P. (2016) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465816000333 · Cited by 9
“…of spiders as measured by a score of 15 or greater (corresponding to the 80th percentile) on a self-report questionnaire consisting of three representative items from the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995), which were scored 0 (totally disagree) – 10 (totally agree).”
MethodOphiophobia 3D – a Game for Treating Fear of Snakes
Toma, E. V., Balan, O. C., Lambru, C., Moldoveanu, A. D. B., & Moldoveanu, F. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Systems · doi:10.1109/is48319.2020.9200189 · Cited by 9
Wechsler, T. F., Brockelmann, M., Kulik, K., Kopf, F. M., Kocur, M., Lankes, M., Mühlberger, A., & Wolff, C. G. (2021) · Annual Symposium on Computer-Human Interaction in Play · doi:10.1145/3450337.3483463 · Cited by 9
“We only included participants without fear of spiders indicated by a prescreening score 19 within the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) [10, 24], representing an eligible cut-off [8].”
MethodAssessing Automatic Approach-Avoidance Behavior in an Immersive Virtual Environment
Degner, J., Steep, L., Schmidt, S., & Steinicke, F. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.761142 · Cited by 9
““ ; Szymanski and O ’ Donohue, 1995; Rinck et al., 2002).”
BackgroundExpectancy violation during exposure therapy: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Buchholz, J. L., Blakey, S. M., Hellberg, S. N., Massing‐Schaffer, M., Reuman, L., Ojalehto, H. J., Friedman, J. B., & Abramowitz, J. S. (2022) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2021.12.004 · Cited by 11
Enhanced processing of aversive stimuli on embodied artificial limbs by the human amygdala
Fourcade, A., Schmidt, T. T., Nierhaus, T., & Blankenburg, F. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-09603-0 · Cited by 9
Online Exposure for Spider Fear: Treatment Completion and Habituation Outcomes
Matthews, A. J., Scanlan, J. D., & Kirkby, K. C. (2010) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1375/bech.27.4.199 · Cited by 9
“The FSQ shows convergent validity with other behavioural and self-report measures, distinguishes phobics from nonphobics, and is sensitive to therapeutic change (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialInstinctive modulation of cognitive behavior: A human evoked potential study
NAHUM, L. H., Morand, S. M., Barcellona‐Lehmann, S., & Schnider, A. (2008) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.20654 · Cited by 9
Leech, A., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & McEnteggart, C. (2017) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-017-0230-7 · Cited by 9
“The FSQ is capable of assessing both low and high levels of reported spider phobia with high retest reliability (.97) and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha = .92; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
Inhibition of Return in Fear of Spiders: Discrepant Eye Movement and Reaction Time Data
Berdica, E., Gerdes, A. B. M., Pittig, A., & Alpers, G. W. (2014) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2014/183924 · Cited by 9
“Fear of spiders was assessed with two self-report questionnaires; the Spider Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ: [27]; German version: [22]) and the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ: [28]; German version: [22]).”
MethodZilverstand, A., Sorger, B., Kaemingk, A., & Goebel, R. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23571 · Cited by 8
“The fMRI participants were additionally administered the Dutch version Fear of Spider Questionnaire [FSQ [Szymanski, 1995].”
MethodMathematical Characterization of Changes in Fear During Exposure Therapy
Portêlo, A., Shiban, Y., & Maia, T. V. (2021) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.01.005 · Cited by 8
Effects of cognitive load and type of object on the visual looming bias
McGuire, A., Ciersdorff, A., Gillath, O., & Vitevitch, M. S. (2021) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-021-02271-8 · Cited by 8
Emotions in motion: affective valence can influence compatibility effects with graspable objects
Scerrati, E., Rubichi, S., Nicoletti, R., & Iani, C. (2022) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-022-01688-6 · Cited by 8
Haberkamp, A., & Schmidt, F. (2015) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.07.011 · Cited by 6
Arachnophobia and Fear of Other Insects: Efficacy and Lessons Learned from Treatment Process
Wiederhold, B., & Bouchard, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-8023-6_5 · Cited by 8
“In addition to questionnaires like the Fear of Spider Questionnaire (Szymanski and O’Donohue 1995), patients completed measures of dysfunctional beliefs towards spiders and of perceived self-efficacy to confront various situations involving spiders.”
BackgroundMethodGraded Exposure Therapy for Long-Standing Disgust-Related Cockroach Avoidance in an Older Male
Berle, D. (2007) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/1534650106288965 · Cited by 8
Matthews, A. J., Scanlan, J. D., & Kirkby, K. C. (2012) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2012.7 · Cited by 8
“The FSQ shows convergent validity with other behavioural and self-report measures, distinguishes phobics from nonphobics, and is sensitive to therapeutic change (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundInfluentialAtrial fibrillation and effective refractory period of the pulmonary vein ostia.
Adragão, P., Santos, K. R., Aguíar, C., Neves, J. P., Abecassis, M., Cavaco, D., Morgado, F., Bernardo, R., Bonhorst, D., Melo, J. Q. E., et al. (2002) · PubMed · Cited by 8
DEMİR, M., & KÖSKÜN, T. (2023) · Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar · doi:10.18863/pgy.1192543 · Cited by 7
Witte, N. D., Buelens, F., Debard, G., Bonroy, B., Standaert, W., Tarnogol, F. M., & Daele, T. V. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.1066996 · Cited by 6
Scheveneels, S., & Carpentier, N. (2024) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2024.08.004 · Cited by 8
Modeling subjective fear using skin conductance: a preliminary study in virtual reality
Baldini, A., Frumento, S., Menicucci, D., Gemignani, A., Scilingo, E. P., & Greco, A. (2022) · Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) · doi:10.1109/embc48229.2022.9871557 · Cited by 7
“, height [3], [4], spiders [5]) in the exposure therapies context [6].”
BackgroundDethier, V., Bruneau, N., & Philippot, P. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.016 · Cited by 7
Booth, R. W., Peker, M., & Oztop, P. (2016) · Cogent Psychology · doi:10.1080/23311908.2016.1144250 · Cited by 7
“…greater stability across time and good test-retest reliability in early testing (three-week r = .91, Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; onemonth r = .63, Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995), and in one study showed more reliable measurement of lower levels of spider fear (Cronbach’s α = .91, as opposed…”
InfluentialReversing the mere exposure effect in spider fearfuls: Preliminary evidence of sensitization
Becker, E. S., & Rinck, M. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.02.006 · Cited by 7
“As expected, SFs had much higher FSQ scores and SASSpider scores than NACs.”
MethodRosa, P. J., Luz, F., Júnior, R., Oliveira, J., Morais, D., & Gamito, P. S. (2020) · International journal of psychological research · doi:10.21500/20112084.4670 · Cited by 6
Katz, B. A., Breznitz, H., & Yovel, I. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2018.12.001 · Cited by 6
Basanovic, J. (2024) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-024-02403-6 · Cited by 7
“The Fear of Spiders Questionnaire has been demonstrated to hold construct validity amongst undergraduate student populations (Muris & Merckelbach, 1996; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995).”
BackgroundMethodSchöpper, L.-M., Jerusalem, A., Lötzke, L., & Frings, C. (2023) · Attention Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/s13414-023-02791-5 · Cited by 7
Nicholson, E., Hopkins-Doyle, A., Barnes‐Holmes, Y., & Roche, R. A. P. (2014) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-014-0020-4 · Cited by 6
“Szymanski and O’Donohue (1995) found that phobic and non-phobic individuals yield significantly different scores on the FSQ based on data obtained from 338 undergraduate students.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMcCraw, K. S., & Valentiner, D. P. (2015) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000046 · Cited by 6
Attentional Control and Fear Extinction in Subclinical Fear: An Exploratory Study
Forcadell, E., Torrents‐Rodas, D., Treen, D., Fullana, M. A., & Tortella‐Feliu, M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01654 · Cited by 6
“Initially, 1504 individuals were screened with the validated Spanish version (Forcadell et al., 2014) of the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski and O’Donohue, 1995) via a secure web system.”
MethodWhat you don't know can help you: An activating placebo effect in spider phobia
Siegel, P. F., & Peterson, B. S. (2021) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2021.103994 · Cited by 6
Senn, J. M., & Radomsky, A. S. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.003 · Cited by 6
“Fear of Spiders Questionnaire (FSQ; Szymanski & O’Donohue, 1995) The FSQ is an 18-item questionnaire designed to assess spiderrelated fears.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Szymanski, J., & O'Donohue, W.
- Affiliations
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Szymanski, Jeff
- Venue
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-03
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-34
- ISSN
- 0005-7916 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1995533212
- Cited by
- 450
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Spider Taxonomy and Behavior Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- spider phobia, phobia assessment, cognitive therapy, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, behavioral avoidance, questionnaire development
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Arousal, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Inventory, Phobic Disorders, Psychometrics, Spiders, Reproducibility of Results, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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