Eye fixations and cognitive processes

Attention and Effort

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Human Problem Solving.

Axten, N., Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1973) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2063712 · Cited by 6,883 · see citing works

Mental Rotation of Three-Dimensional Objects

Shepard, R. N., & Metzler, J. (1971) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.171.3972.701 · Cited by 6,246 · see citing works

Eye Movements and Vision

IARBUS, A. L. (1967) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,319 · see citing works

The discovery of processing stages: Extensions of Donders' method

Sternberg, S. (1969) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(69)90055-9 · Cited by 3,137 · see citing works

Visual Information Processing

Solso, R. L., & Chase, W. G. (1974) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421395 · Cited by 2,133 · see citing works

Time required for Judgements of Numerical Inequality

MOYER, R. S., & LANDAUER, T. K. (1967) · Nature · doi:10.1038/2151519a0 · Cited by 2,068 · see citing works

Attention and Performance

Pashler, H., Johnston, J. C., & Ruthruff, E. D. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.629 · Cited by 1,441 · see citing works

Attention and performance IV

Kornblum, S. (1973) · Academic Press eBooks · Cited by 1,424 · see citing works

Speed-accuracy tradeoff and information processing dynamics

Wickelgren, W. A. (1977) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(77)90012-9 · Cited by 1,304 · see citing works

On the process of comparing sentences against pictures

Clark, H. H., & Chase, W. G. (1972) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90019-9 · Cited by 1,130 · see citing works

Movements of the eyes

Carpenter, R. (1977) · Cited by 1,052 · see citing works

Semantic distance and the verification of semantic relations

Rips, L. J., Shoben, E. J., & Smith, E. E. (1973) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(73)80056-8 · Cited by 949 · see citing works

CHRONOMETRIC STUDIES OF THE ROTATION OF MENTAL IMAGES

Cooper, L. A., & Shepard, R. N. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-170150-5.50009-3 · Cited by 890 · see citing works

The control of eye fixation by the meaning of spoken language: A new methodology for the real-time investigation of speech perception, memory, and language processing.

Cooper, R. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90005-x · Cited by 836 · see citing works

Sentence comprehension: A psycholinguistic processing model of verification.

Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1975) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0076248 · Cited by 760 · see citing works

Theories in Cognitive Psychology: The Loyola Symposium

Wallace, W. P., Laughlin, P. R., & Solso, R. L. (1975) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1421683 · Cited by 726 · see citing works

A chronometric analysis of simple addition.

Groen, G. J., & Parkman, J. M. (1972) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0032950 · Cited by 670 · see citing works

The gaze selects informative details within pictures

Mackworth, N., & Morandi, A. J. (1967) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03210264 · Cited by 653 · see citing works

PRODUCTION SYSTEMS: MODELS OF CONTROL STRUCTURES

Newell, A. (1973) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-170150-5.50016-0 · Cited by 539 · see citing works

Recognition memory for a rapid sequence of pictures.

Potter, M. C., & Levy, E. I. (1969) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0027470 · Cited by 529 · see citing works

The Psychology and Pedagogy of Reading

Samuels, S. J., & Huey, E. B. (1970) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162167 · Cited by 502 · see citing works

How People Look at Pictures

McMahon, A. P., & Buswell, G. T. (1935) · Parnassus · doi:10.2307/771371 · Cited by 486 · see citing works

Eye Movements and Visual Perception

Sanders, M. (1975) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.59.2.111 · Cited by 444 · see citing works

Analysis of a Mnemonic Device

Bower, G. H. (1970) · American Scientist · Cited by 440 · see citing works

Comparing objects in memory: Evidence suggesting an internal psychophysics

Moyer, R. S. (1973) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03214124 · Cited by 387 · see citing works

Storage and verification stages in processing concepts

Trabasso, T., Rollins, H., & Shaughnessy, E. (1971) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(71)90014-4 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Comparisons of digits and dot patterns.

Buckley, P. B., & Gillman, C. B. (1974) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0037361 · Cited by 378 · see citing works

Eye fixations and recognition memory for pictures

Loftus, G. R. (1972) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90021-7 · Cited by 325 · see citing works

Cognition of Learning and Memory

Srivastava, V., & Sampath, S. (2016) · Advances in quantum chemistry · doi:10.1016/bs.aiq.2016.08.001 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

An eye fixation analysis of multialternative choice

Russo, J. E., & Rosen, L. D. (1975) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03212910 · Cited by 293 · see citing works

The internal representation of numbers

Shepard, R. N., Kilpatric, D. W., & Cunningham, J. P. (1975) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(75)90006-7 · Cited by 291 · see citing works

Comprehension of negation with quantification

Just, M. A., & Carpenter, P. A. (1971) · Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0022-5371(71)80051-8 · Cited by 264 · see citing works

Eye Movements and Psychological Processes

Taylor, D. (1977) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjo.61.9.618 · Cited by 257 · see citing works

Vision during Voluntary Saccadic Eye Movements*†

Volkmann, F. C. (1962) · Journal of the Optical Society of America · doi:10.1364/josa.52.000571 · Cited by 243 · see citing works

The Therapeutic Community

Almond, R. (1971) · Scientific American · doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0371-34 · Cited by 224 · see citing works

On the representation and retrieval of stored semantic information

Meyer, D. E. (1970) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(70)90017-4 · Cited by 214 · see citing works

Recent studies of eye movements in reading.

Tinker, M. A. (1958) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0041228 · Cited by 210 · see citing works

Transformational Studies of the Internal Representation of Three-Dimensional Objects 1

Metzler, J., & Shepard, R. N. (2024) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781032722375-7 · Cited by 202 · see citing works

Fundamental Reading Habits: A Study of Their Development

Buswell, G. T. (2010) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 200 · see citing works

How Adults and Children Search and Recognize Pictures

Mackworth, N. H., & Bruner, J. S. (2009) · Human Development · doi:10.1159/000270887 · Cited by 197 · see citing works

The effect of target specification on objects fixated during visual search

Williams, L. G. (1966) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03215795 · Cited by 190 · see citing works

Temporal aspects of digit and letter inequality judgments.

Parkman, J. M. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031854 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

Mental operations in the comparison of sentences and pictures.

Chase, W. G., & Clark, H. H. (1972) · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Information-processing analysis of perceptual processes in problem solving.

Simon, H. A., & Barenfeld, M. (1969) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0028154 · Cited by 157 · see citing works

Confidence and speed in the two-category judgment

Johnson, D. M. (1939) · University of Michigan Library Repository · Cited by 142 · see citing works

The Time of Perception as a Measure of Differences in Sensations

Henmon, V. A. C. (2009) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 99 · see citing works

Eye movements during visual search and memory search.

Gould, J. D. (1973) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0034280 · Cited by 89 · see citing works

Short term memory systems in human information processing

Posner, M. I. (1967) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/0001-6918(67)90069-8 · Cited by 83 · see citing works

Eye fixations in prediction of recognition and recall

Tversky, B. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03208995 · Cited by 66 · see citing works

Processing numerical information: A choice time analysis.

Sekuler, R., Rubin, E., & Armstrong, R. (1971) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0031366 · Cited by 62 · see citing works

Mental rotation of tactile stimuli

Prather, S. C., & Sathian, K. (2002) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(02)00063-0 · Cited by 55 · see citing works

Computers in psychology

Newell, A. C., & Simon, H. A. (1963) · Cited by 47 · see citing works

An Investigation of Visual Search as a Means of Analyzing Heuristics

Tikhomirov, O. K., & Poznyanskaya, E. D. (1966) · Soviet Psychology · doi:10.2753/rpo1061-040505023 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Item concreteness vs spatial organization as predictors of visual imagery

Byrne, B. (1974) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03197492 · Cited by 46 · see citing works

What we look at when we read

Mehler, J., Bever, T. G., & Carey, P. W. (1967) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03213052 · Cited by 44 · see citing works

Comprehending quantified sentences: The relation between sentence-picture and semantic memory verification

Just, M. A. (1974) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(74)90011-5 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Eye Movements, Vision and Behavior

ALPERN, M. B. (1975) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/0002-9394(75)90157-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

EXPERIMENTS ON THE TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF NUMBER PERCEPTION

Fairbank, B. A. (1969) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Semantic control of eye movements in picture scanning during sentence-picture verification

Carpenter, P. A., & Just, M. A. (1972) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03212843 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

Sentence-picture comparison: A test of additivity of processing time for feature matching and negation coding.

Krueger, L. E. (1972) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0033650 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Eye movements, vision and behavior: A hierarchical visual information processing model

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Self-explanations: How students study and use examples in learning to solve problems

Chi, M. (1989) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1016/0364-0213(89)90002-5 · Cited by 2,287 · see citing works

Self‐Explanations: How Students Study and Use Examples in Learning to Solve Problems

Chi, M. T. H., Bassok, M., Lewis, M. W., Reimann, P., & Glaser, R. (1989) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog1302_1 · Cited by 1,714 · see citing works

Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition

Ballard, D. H., Hayhoe, M. M., Pook, P. K., & Rao, R. P. N. (1997) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x97001611 · Cited by 1,082 · see citing works

The Index of Pupillary Activity: Measuring Cognitive Load <i>vis-à-vis</i> Task Difficulty with Pupil Oscillation

Duchowski, A. T., Krejtz, K., Krejtz, I., Biele, C., Niedzielska, A., Kiefer, P., Raubal, M., & Giannopoulos, I. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3173856 · Cited by 228 · see citing works

Eye tracking as a measure of noticing: A study of explicit recasts in SCMC

Smith, B. (2012) · Language Learning &amp; Technology · doi:10.64152/10125/44300 · Cited by 177 · see citing works

The worked example effect, the generation effect, and element interactivity.

Chen, O., Kalyuga, S., & Sweller, J. (2015) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000018 · Cited by 167 · see citing works

Measurement of cognitive load in multimedia learning: a comparison of different objective measures

Korbach, A., Brünken, R., & Park, B. (2017) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-017-9413-5 · Cited by 98 · see citing works

Text Entry by Gaze: Utilizing Eye Tracking

Majaranta, P., & Räihä, K.-J. (2007) · Text Entry Systems · doi:10.1016/b978-012373591-1/50009-7 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

The Low/High Index of Pupillary Activity

Duchowski, A. T., Krejtz, K., Gehrer, N. A., Bafna, T., & Bækgaard, P. (2020) · Proceedings of the 2020 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376394 · Cited by 94 · see citing works

Your Eyes Tell: Leveraging Smooth Pursuit for Assessing Cognitive Workload

Kosch, T., Hassib, M., Woźniak, P. W., Buschek, D., & Alt, F. (2018) · Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3173574.3174010 · Cited by 79 · see citing works

Atypical scanpaths in schizophrenia: Evidence of a trait- or state-dependent phenomenon?

Beedie, S. A., St. Clair, D. M., & Benson, P. J. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience · doi:10.1503/jpn.090169 · Cited by 78 · see citing works

Human-machine plan conflict and conflict resolution in a visual search task

Pan, Y., & Xu, J. (2025) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2024.103377 · Cited by 54 · see citing works

The impact of usage experience and input modality on trust experience and cognitive load in older adults

Huang, H., & Hou, G. (2025) · Frontiers in Computer Science · doi:10.3389/fcomp.2025.1659594 · Cited by 5 · see citing works

Maxwellian Eye Fixation during Natural Scene Perception

Duchesne, J., Bouvier, V., Guillemé, J., et al. (2012) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1100/2012/956340 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

Temporal andspatial aspects of eye-movement control : from reading toscanning

Trukenbrod, H. A. (2013)

Assessment of Children Eye Movement Performance: An Eye-Tracker Approach

Šerpa, E., Alecka, M., Bērziņa, A., et al. (2023) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-37132-5_31 · Cited by 2 · see citing works

Applying the Visual World Paradigm in the Investigation of Preschoolers’ Online Reference Processing in a Naturalistic Discourse

Toth, A. G., Charest, M., van Rij, J., et al. (2019) · University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology)

Eye movement control in reading: accounting for initial fixation locations and refixations within the E-Z Reader model

Reichle, E. D., Rayner, K., & Pollatsek, A. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00152-2 · Cited by 211 · see citing works