Cited by 413Planetary Science and ExplorationAstro and Planetary ScienceGeology and Paleoclimatology Research

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CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars

Kasting, James F.·1991·Icarus

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Abstract

A one-dimensional, radiative-convective climate model was used to reexamine the question of whether early Mars could have been kept warm by the greenhouse effect of a dense, CO2 atmosphere. The new model differs from previous models by considering the influence of CO2 clouds on the convective lapse rate and on the the planetary radiation budget. Condensation of CO2 decreases the lapse rate and, hence, reduces the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon becomes increasingly important at low solar luminosities and may preclude warm (0 degree C), globally averaged surface temperatures prior to approximately 2 billion years ago unless other greenhouse gases were present in addition to CO2 and H2O. Alternative mechanisms for warming early Mars and explaining channel formation are discussed.

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Authors: Kasting, J. F.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Kasting, James F.
ORCID: Kasting, James F.
Venue: Icarus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991-11
Volume: 94
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-13
ISSN: 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90137-i
OpenAlex: W2025152715
Cited by: 413
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 12.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Icarus (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords: early Mars climate, CO2 condensation, greenhouse effect, surface temperature, Martian channels
MeSH terms: Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Extraterrestrial Environment, Models, Chemical, Temperature, Water, Solar System, Greenhouse Effect, Mars

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

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