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CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars

Kasting, James F.·1991·Icarus

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Abstract

A one-dimensional, radiative-convective climate model was used to reexamine the question of whether early Mars could have been kept warm by the greenhouse effect of a dense, CO2 atmosphere. The new model differs from previous models by considering the influence of CO2 clouds on the convective lapse rate and on the the planetary radiation budget. Condensation of CO2 decreases the lapse rate and, hence, reduces the magnitude of the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon becomes increasingly important at low solar luminosities and may preclude warm (0 degree C), globally averaged surface temperatures prior to approximately 2 billion years ago unless other greenhouse gases were present in addition to CO2 and H2O. Alternative mechanisms for warming early Mars and explaining channel formation are discussed.

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Self-citation

Authors: Kasting, J. F.
Affiliations: Pennsylvania State University (US)
Corresponding author: Kasting, James F.
ORCID: Kasting, James F.
Venue: Icarus
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1991-11
Volume: 94
Issue: 1
Pages: 1-13
ISSN: 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0019-1035(91)90137-i
OpenAlex: W2025152715
Cited by: 413
References: 62
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 12.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Icarus (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Planetary Science and Exploration
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Space and Planetary Science › Astro and Planetary Science
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
Keywords: early Mars climate, CO2 condensation, greenhouse effect, surface temperature, Martian channels
MeSH terms: Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Extraterrestrial Environment, Models, Chemical, Temperature, Water, Solar System, Greenhouse Effect, Mars

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CO2 condensation and the climate of early Mars

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