Runaway and moist greenhouse atmospheres and the evolution of Earth and Venus
Abstract
A one-dimensional climate model is used to study the response of an Earth-like atmosphere to large increases in solar flux. For fully saturated, cloud-free conditions, the critical solar flux at which a runaway greenhouse occurs, that is, the oceans evaporate entirely, is found to be 1.4 times the present flux at Earth's orbit (S0). This value is close to the flux expected at Venus' orbit early in solar system history. Is is nearly independent of the amount of CO2 present in the atmosphere, but is sensitive to the H2O absorption coefficient in the 8- to 12-micrometers window region. Clouds should tend to depress the surface temperature on a warm, moist planet; thus, Venus may originally have had oceans if its initial water endowment was close to that of Earth. It lost them early in its history, however, because of rapid photodissociation of water vapor followed by escape of hydrogen to space. The critical solar flux above which water is rapidly lost could be as low as 1.1S0. The surface temperature of a runaway greenhouse atmosphere containing a full ocean's worth of water would have been in excess of 1500 degrees K--above the solidus for silicate rocks. The presence of such a steam atmosphere during accretion may have significantly influenced the early thermal evolution of both Earth and Venus.
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A planet on the inner edge of the habitable zone could conceivably have a large abiotic buildup of oxygen through a runaway greenhouse effect while the oceans evaporate; after photodissociation of water in the atmosphere, hydrogen could escape, leaving oxygen behind.
“A planet on the inner edge of the habitable zone (see Chapter 5) could conceivably have a large abiotic buildup of oxygen through a runaway greenhouse effect while the oceans evaporate; after photodissociation of water in the atmosphere, hydrogen could escape, leaving oxygen behind (Kasting, 1988).”
From The Astrobiology Primer v2.0 (2016) · cites this paper as Kasting, 1988
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InfluentialThermal evolution of an early magma ocean in interaction with the atmosphere
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“At that point, neglecting the effects of solar irradiance changes on the cloud cover, the water vapour content of the atmosphere will increase substantially and the oceans will start to evaporate (Kasting 1988).”
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“Firstly, the ‘waterloss’ (or ‘moist greenhouse’ limit’) (Kasting, 1988) occurs where the planet’s entire ocean reservoir is lost via diffusion-limited escape within the lifetime of the planet (originally estimated to occur at = 0.95 AU for Earth (Kasting et al., 1993) and more recently at 0.99 AU…”
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“This can happen if other gases are scarce (Wordsworth and Pierrehumbert 2013), or the planet could enter a “moist greenhouse” state (Kasting 1988; Kasting et al. 2015; Leconte et al. 2013a; Wolf and Toon 2015).)”
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“(A11) as before.tures exceed p360 K, and the stratospheric H2O mixing ratio becomes large (Kasting 1988).”
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“It is easier to understand how this process works by examining a somewhat simpler calculation described by Kasting (1988), the results of which are summarized in Fig.”
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“Not to be confused with an ocean planet for which, in addition, water must represent a significant fraction of the bulk mass (Léger et al. 2004). equilibrium balance and is heated until the surface can radiate at optical wavelength around a temperature of 1400 K (Kasting et al. 1984; Kasting 1988).”
BackgroundThe hydrologic cycle in deep-time climate problems
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Mass fractionation of noble gases in diffusion-limited hydrodynamic hydrogen escape
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Self-citationABIOTIC OXYGEN-DOMINATED ATMOSPHERES ON TERRESTRIAL HABITABLE ZONE PLANETS
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“Extensive atmospheric O2 buildup due to H2O photolysis followed by H escape may also occur on planets that enter a runaway greenhouse state (Ingersoll 1969; Kasting 1988; Leconte et al. 2013).”
BackgroundGaillard, F., & Scaillet, B. (2014) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2014.07.009 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
“…intensity of the magnetic field, solar wind erosion, each of which has clearly played a role on atmosphere evolution (Pepin, 2006; Lammer et al., 2008; Raymond et al., 2004; Chassefiere et al., 2012; Jakosky and Phillips, 2001; Kasting, 1988; Kasting and Catling, 2003; Wordsworth et al., 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialHonda, M., McDougall, I., Patterson, D. B., Doulgeris, A. P., & Clague, D. A. (1993) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90174-u · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Magma Oceans and Primordial Mantle Differentiation
Solomatov, V. S. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452748-6.00141-3 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
The Sun in Time: Activity and Environment
Güdel, M. (2007) · Living Reviews in Solar Physics · doi:10.12942/lrsp-2007-3 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
“Shaviv (2003) suggested a link between the cosmic ray flux and average global temperatures on Earth.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialLeconte, J., Forget, F., Charnay, B., Wordsworth, R., Selsis, F., Millour, E., & Spiga, A. (2013) · Springer Link (Chiba Institute of Technology) · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321042/pdf · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Biogeochemical modelling of the rise in atmospheric oxygen
CLAIRE, M. W., CATLING, D. C., & ZAHNLE, K. J. (2006) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/j.1472-4669.2006.00084.x · Cited by 200 · see citing works
“H 2 O photodissociation and H escape might have provided oxygen to the Hadean Earth, as water vapor can reach the upper atmosphere during magma ocean conditions (Kasting, 1988), subsequent to giant impacts.”
BackgroundABIOTIC O2LEVELS ON PLANETS AROUND F, G, K, AND M STARS: POSSIBLE FALSE POSITIVES FOR LIFE?
Harman, C. E., Schwieterman, E. W., Schottelkotte, J. C., & Kasting, J. F. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/812/2/137 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
“A good example is a planet interior to the habitable zone that loses its water by way of a runaway or moist greenhouse (Kasting 1988, 1997, 2010; Wordsworth & Pierrehumbert 2013).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInitiation of clement surface conditions on the earliest Earth
Sleep, N. H., Zahnle, K., & Neuhoff, P. S. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.071045698 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Many Chemistries Could Be Used to Build Living Systems
Bains, W. (2004) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/153110704323175124 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
A PALETTE OF CLIMATES FOR GLIESE 581g
Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2010) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/726/1/l8 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
“On Venus, these clouds are even more reflective than surface ice, and with an albedo of 0.75, 581g would only absorb 56 W m −2 averaged over the surface.”
BackgroundInfluentialWATER LOSS FROM TERRESTRIAL PLANETS WITH CO2-RICH ATMOSPHERES
Wordsworth, R., & Pierrehumbert, R. T. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/778/2/154 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
“The results are almost identical to those in Kasting (1988), demonstrating that the inclusion of the non-ideality terms discussed in Section 2 makes little difference to the results for this range of surface pressures.”
InfluentialWay, M. J., & C, A. D. D. G. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1029/2019je006276 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Origin and evolution of the atmospheres of early Venus, Earth and Mars
Lammer, H., Zerkle, A. L., Gebauer, S., Tosi, N., Noack, L., Scherf, M., Pilat-Lohinger, E., Güdel, M., Grenfell, J. L., Godolt, M., et al. (2018) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-018-0108-y · Cited by 202 · see citing works
“…in such scenarios, the hypothetical wet and “habitable” Venus, approaches at some time a moist stage and a runaway greenhouse effect finally transforms the planet to an extremely hot and dry body with growing solar luminosity (e.g., Rasool and de Bergh 1970; Kasting 1988; Salvador et al. 2017).”
BackgroundInfluentialThe evolution of habitable climates under the brightening Sun
Wolf, E. T., & Toon, O. B. (2015) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1002/2015jd023302 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“For Earth’s present inventory of water, a runaway greenhouse would have a surface pressure of several hundred bars and surface temperatures well in excess of the critical temperature for water [Kasting, 1988].”
BackgroundInfluentialSignature of life on exoplanets: Can Darwin produce false positive detections?
Selsis, F., Despois, D., & Parisot, J. P. (2002) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20020527 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
“Water is now absent from the atmosphere of Venus, but it may have been present earlier and removed by a runaway greenhouse effect (Rasool & De Bergh 1970; Kasting 1988).”
BackgroundInfluentialRevealing the Mysteries of Venus: The DAVINCI Mission
Garvin, J. B., Getty, S., Arney, G., Johnson, N. M., Köhler, E., Schwer, K., Sekerak, M. J., Bartels, A. E., Saylor, R. S., Elliott, V., et al. (2022) · The Planetary Science Journal · doi:10.3847/psj/ac63c2 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
“This elevated D/H ratio could result from H2O photolysis following ocean evaporation, with preferential loss of hydrogen to space compared to the twice-heavier deuterium (e.g., Donahue et al. 1982; Kasting 1988; Donahue & Russell 1997).”
BackgroundInfluentialPhotosynthesis: Likelihood of Occurrence and Possibility of Detection on Earth-like Planets
Wolstencroft, R. D., & Raven, J. A. (2002) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.2002.6854 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
“…results from the differing amount of Rayleigh scattering in the ELP atmospheres (which is greatest where there is the most incident blue parent starlight) and from the greater atmospheric absorption by water vapour (see Appendix B of Kasting 1988) at near-infrared as opposed to visible wavelengths.”
BackgroundPREDICTIONS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC COMPOSITION OF GJ 1132b
Schaefer, L., Wordsworth, R., Berta-Thompson, Z. K., & Sasselov, D. (2016) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/0004-637x/829/2/63 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Ideal gas behavior was assumed when calculating the dry adiabat, which is a reasonable approximation for the range of temperatures and pressures studied (Kasting 1988; Wordsworth et al. 2013).”
BackgroundReflections on O <sub>2</sub> as a Biosignature in Exoplanetary Atmospheres
Meadows, V. S. (2017) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1578 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
“Photolysis of the unprotected H2O and the subsequent loss of hydrogen to space would allow atmospheric O2 to accumulate (Ingersoll, 1969; Kasting, 1988).”
BackgroundRaymond, S. N., Quinn, T., & Lunine, J. I. (2007) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2006.06-0126 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
“Matsui and Abe (1986) and Kasting (1988) showed that if Earth and Venus had the same starting water content, Venus would lose most of its water post-accretion via hydrodynamic escape during a post-collision, hot water vapor atmosphere phase.”
Observable consequences of planet formation models in systems with close-in terrestrial planets
Raymond, S. N., Barnes, R., & Mandell, A. M. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12712.x · Cited by 162 · see citing works
“…water content, acquired via collisions with material originating beyond the ”water line” at 0.29 AU, but note that the effects of water depletion during impacts (Genda & Abe 2005; Canup & Pierazzo 2006) and hydrodynamic escape (Matsui & Abe 1986; Kasting 1988) have not been accounted for.”
BackgroundInfluentialPhysical state of the very early Earth
Abe, Y. (1993) · Lithos · doi:10.1016/0024-4937(93)90037-d · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Low simulated radiation limit for runaway greenhouse climates
Goldblatt, C., Robinson, T. D., Zahnle, K. J., & Crisp, D. (2013) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo1892 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
“Previous work suggested that early Venus was close to the threshold for a runaway greenhouse[9]—our new lower radiation limit and enhanced solar absorption imply that, given the same amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere as Earth, Venus may not have had a habitable period.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHabitability and Biosignatures of Hycean Worlds
Madhusudhan, N., Piette, A. A. A., & Constantinou, S. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfd9c · Cited by 170 · see citing works
“…case, the inner edge of the HZ is restricted by the runaway greenhouse effect and/or escape of water from the atmosphere (e.g., Rasool & de Bergh 1970; Hart 1978; Abe & Matsui 1988; Kasting 1988; Leconte et al. 2013; Wolf & Toon 2015; Ribas et al. 2016; Bolmont et al. 2017; Kopparapu et al. 2017).”
BackgroundRedox state of earth’ s magma ocean and its Venus-like early atmosphere
Sossi, P. A., Burnham, A. D., Badro, J., Lanzirotti, A., Newville, M., & O’Neill, H. S. C. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abd1387 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“The Venusian and Martian atmospheres are enriched by a factor of 150 and 6, respectively, in D/H relative to that of Earth (1), suggesting water on Venus was almost entirely lost early in its evolution (74).”
Arney, G., Meadows, V., Crisp, D., Schmidt, S. J., Bailey, J., & Robinson, T. D. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2014je004662 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“…stable liquid surface water through the runaway or moist greenhouse processes [Ingersoll, 1969; Kasting and Pollack, 1983; Kasting et al., 1984; Kasting, 1988; Goldblatt and Watson, 2012; Goldblatt et al., 2013] is expected to operate interior to the inner edge of the habitable zones of…”
BackgroundFoley, B. J. (2015) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/812/1/36 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
“A planet with a strong greenhouse effect could be hot enough to enter a moist greenhouse state, where dissociation of water in the upper atmosphere and hydrogen escape to space leads to rapid water loss (e.g. Kasting 1988; Abbot et al. 2012).”
BackgroundLunine, J. I., & Atreya, S. K. (2008) · Nature Geoscience · doi:10.1038/ngeo125 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
“in the form of sedimenting aerosols that will take the place of, or even adsor”
BackgroundPlanetary Magnetic Fields and Solar Forcing: Implications for Atmospheric Evolution
Lundin, R., Lammer, H., & Ribas, I. (2007) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9176-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Suspension in convective layers and style of differentiation of a terrestrial magma ocean
Solomatov, V. S., & Stevenson, D. J. (1993) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/92je02948 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Tidal Venuses: Triggering a Climate Catastrophe via Tidal Heating
Barnes, R., Mullins, K., Goldblatt, C., Meadows, V. S., Kasting, J. F., & Heller, R. (2013) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0851 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
“Values for F crit from the literature are typically 285 W m - 2 to 310 W m - 2 for a 1 M Earth planet (Pollack, 1971; Watson et al., 1984; Abe and Matsui, 1988; Kasting, 1988; Pierrehumbert, 2010).”
Self-citationTHE HABITABLE ZONES OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS
Ramirez, R. M., & Kaltenegger, L. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/2041-8205/797/2/l25 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
“High stellar fluxes during planetary accretion can prove detrimental to volatile retention, particularly when insolation levels exceed the runaway greenhouse threshold (see Figure 2, Kasting 1988; Abe & Matsui 1988; Goldblatt et al. 2013; Ramirez et al. 2014).”
Planetary habitability: lessons learned from terrestrial analogues
Preston, L. J., & Dartnell, L. R. (2014) · International Journal of Astrobiology · doi:10.1017/s1473550413000396 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
“Venus is at the inner edge of the stellar HZ and has undergone a runaway greenhouse effect (Walker 1975; Kasting 1988) that vaporized any past oceans (Hasimoto et al .”
Robust increase in equilibrium climate sensitivity under global warming
Meraner, K., Mauritsen, T., & Aiko Voigt, A. (2013) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1002/2013gl058118 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Atmospheric Escape Processes and Planetary Atmospheric Evolution
Gronoff, G., Arras, P., Baraka, S., Bell, J. M., Cessateur, G., Cohen, O., Curry, S. M., Drake, J. J., Elrod, M. K., Erwin, J. T., et al. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics · doi:10.1029/2019ja027639 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Refugia from asteroid impacts on early Mars and the early Earth
Sleep, N. H., & Zahnle, K. J. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/98je01809 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Exomoon Habitability Constrained by Illumination and Tidal Heating
Heller, R., & Barnes, R. (2013) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2012.0859 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
“The critical, orbit-averaged energy flux for an exomoon to turn into a runaway greenhouse is around 300W/m2, depending on the moon’s surface gravity and atmospheric composition (Kasting 1988; Kasting et al. 1993; Selsis et al. 2007; Pierrehumbert 2010; Goldblatt & Watson 2012).”
InfluentialPalaeoclimates: The first two billion years
Kasting, J. F., & Ono, S. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1839 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
“4!10(21) l, liquid water can persist at temperatures up to the critical point, 374 8C (Kasting 1988), or even higher if the effects of salinity are taken into account.”
BackgroundSelf-citationDay–night cloud asymmetry prevents early oceans on Venus but not on Earth
Turbet, M., Bolmont, É., Chaverot, G., Ehrenreich, D., Leconte, J., & Marcq, E. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03873-w · Cited by 144 · see citing works
THE ATMOSPHERES OF EARTHLIKE PLANETS AFTER GIANT IMPACT EVENTS
Lupu, R., Zahnle, K., Marley, M., Schaefer, L., Fegley, B., Morley, C., Cahoy, K., Freedman, R., & Fortney, J. (2014) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/784/1/27 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Second-generation models that greatly improved on the radiative transfer in runaway and near-runaway greenhouse atmospheres were developed independently by Kasting (1988) and Abe & Matsui (1988).”
MethodThe Habitability of Proxima Centauri b: Environmental States and Observational Discriminants
Meadows, V. S., Arney, G., Schwieterman, E. W., Lustig‐Yaeger, J., Lincowski, A., Robinson, T., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Deitrick, R., Barnes, R. K., Fleming, D. P., et al. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1589 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
“Still, desiccation of exoplanets with liquid water by the runaway greenhouse mechanism (Ingersoll, 1969; Kasting and Pollack, 1983; Kasting et al., 1984b; Kasting, 1988; Goldblatt and Watson, 2012; Goldblatt et al., 2013) is likely a common process.”
BackgroundAtmospheric Evolution of the Terrestrial Planets
Hunten, D. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.259.5097.915 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Constraining the Time Interval for the Origin of Life on Earth
Pearce, B. K. D., Tupper, A. S., Pudritz, R. E., & Higgs, P. G. (2018) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2017.1674 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
“Only the top of the atmosphere—where pressures are less than a few 10ths of a bar—radiates into space (Kasting, 1988), thus by expanding the volume of the top of the atmosphere, more radiation can escape.”
Kulikov, Y. N., Lammer, H., Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Penz, T., Breuer, D., Spohn, T., Lundin, R., & Biernat, H. K. (2007) · Space Science Reviews · doi:10.1007/s11214-007-9192-4 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Haberle, R. M. (1998) · Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/98je01396 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Irradiated Ocean Planets Bridge Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Populations
Mousis, O. J., Deleuil, M., Aguichine, A., Marcq, E., Naar, J., Acuña, L., Brugger, B., & Gonçalves, T. (2020) · The Astrophysical Journal Letters · doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ab9530 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“The used model is based on a T (P ) profile prescription (Kasting 1988) starting from the 1000-bar level (unsaturated since T (1000 bar) > Tcritical) upwards, assuming a dry adiabat, and switching optionally to a moist adiabat (where T (P ) = Tsaturation(P )) if/when saturation reaches unity.”
MethodThe Global Character of the Flux of Downward Longwave Radiation
Stephens, G. L., Wild, M., Stackhouse, P. W., L’Ecuyer, T., Kato, S., & Henderson, D. S. (2011) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-11-00262.1 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
“It has been understood for some time that changes to the strength of the greenhouse effect are fundamental to our understanding of the climate of earth and how it can change (Arrenhius 1896; Callendar 1938; Kasting 1989).”
BackgroundDomagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Domagal-Goldman, S. D., Wright, K. E., Adamala, K., Arina de la Rubia, L., Bond, J., Dartnell, L. R., Goldman, A. D., Lynch, K., et al. (2016) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1460 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
“A planet on the inner edge of the habitable zone (see Chapter 5) could conceivably have a large abiotic buildup of oxygen through a runaway greenhouse effect while the oceans evaporate; after photodissociation of water in the atmosphere, hydrogen could escape, leaving oxygen behind (Kasting, 1988).”
Water-rich planets: How habitable is a water layer deeper than on Earth?
Noack, L., Höning, D., Rivoldini, A., Heistracher, C., Zimov, N., Journaux, B., Lammer, H., Hoolst, T. V., & Bredehöft, J. H. (2016) · Icarus · doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.009 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Atmosphere/mantle coupling and feedbacks on Venus
Gillmann, C., & Tackley, P. J. (2014) · Journal of Geophysical Research Planets · doi:10.1002/2013je004505 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Cockell, C. S. (1999) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/s0032-0633(99)00036-7 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Exploring the climate of Proxima B with the Met Office Unified Model
Boutle, I., Mayne, N. J., Drummond, B., Manners, J., Goyal, J., Lambert, F. H., Acreman, D. M., & Earnshaw, P. D. (2017) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201630020 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
“Informed by the ‘habitable zone’ first defined by Kasting (1988), we have searched for planets where liquid water, so fundamental to Earth-life, might be present on the planetary surface.”
Kasting, J. F., Kopparapu, R., Ramirez, R. M., & Harman, C. E. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1309107110 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
“eres have finite lifetimes, because once the upper atmosphere becomes water-rich, the water can be lost in a few tens of millions of years by photodissociation followed by escape of hydrogen to space [18,19]. However, a planet can also lose its water to space at much lower temperatures. Once the surface temperature ex…”
BackgroundSelf-citationFormation, Habitability, and Detection of Extrasolar Moons
Heller, R., Williams, D. M., Kipping, D., Limbach, M., Turner, E., Greenberg, R., Sasaki, T., Bolmont, É., Grasset, O., Lewis, K., et al. (2014) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2014.1147 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
“Were the moon to orbit its planet too closely, then it might be undergoing a moist or runaway greenhouse effect (Kasting, 1988; Kasting et al., 1993) and be temporarily uninhabitable or even desiccated and uninhabitable forever (Heller and Barnes, 2013, 2014).”
Goldblatt, C., & Watson, A. J. (2012) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2012.0004 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Atmospheric and water loss from early Venus
Kulikov, Y. N., Lammer, H., Lichtenegger, H. I. M., Terada, N., Ribas, I., Kolb, C., Langmayr, D., Lundin, R., Guinan, E. F., Barabash, S., et al. (2006) · Planetary and Space Science · doi:10.1016/j.pss.2006.04.021 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Way, M. J., Aleinov, I., Amundsen, D. S., Chandler, M. A., Clune, T. L., C, A. D. D. G., Fujii, Y., Kelley, M., Kiang, N. Y.-L., Sohl, L. E., et al. (2017) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.3847/1538-4365/aa7a06 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
“…and habitability of planets other than modern Earth have been carried out primarily with one-dimensional (1D) radiative-convective models (e.g., Kasting 1988; Kasting et al. 1993; Pavlov et al. 2001; Segura et al. 2003; Domagal-Goldman et al. 2008, 2011; Kitzmann et al. 2010; Zsom et al. 2012;…”
BackgroundMass–Radius Relationships for Irradiated Ocean Planets
Aguichine, A., Mousis, O. J., Deleuil, M., & Marcq, E. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abfa99 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
“…model with the interior model at a pressure P = Pb = 300 bar (slightly above the critical pressure Pcrit = 220.67 bar) and at a temperature T = Tb. (P, T, ρ) profiles are then integrated upward via the prescription from Kasting (1988) in the case of an adiabat at hydrostatic equilibrium.”
MethodInfluential
- Authors
- Kasting, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Ames Research Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kasting, James F.
- ORCID
- Kasting, James F.
- Venue
- Icarus
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-06
- Volume
- 74
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 472-494
- ISSN
- 0019-1035 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1968152463
- Cited by
- 709
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 33 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 40 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 12.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Icarus (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astro and Planetary Science
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Planetary Science and Exploration
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
- Keywords
- runaway greenhouse, Venus, Earth, water photodissociation, hydrogen escape, water vapor absorption, accretion, steam atmosphere, carbon dioxide, one-dimensional climate model
- MeSH terms
- Atmosphere, Carbon Dioxide, Climate, Light, Models, Theoretical, Scattering, Radiation, Sunlight, Temperature, Water, Solar System, Greenhouse Effect, Earth, Planet, Venus
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