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Source credibility as a function of communicator physical attractiveness
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“In turn, the credibility of an advertisement is the product of two factors: the perceived credibility of a) the source (e.g. endorsers, spokespersons, corporations or sponsors; Freiden, 1982; Goldsmith, Lafferty and Newell, 2000; Patzer, 1983), and b) the message content (Cotte, Coulter and Moore, 2005; Lutz, MacKenzie and Belch, 1983; McDougall and Fry, 1975; Wathen and Burkell, 2002).”
From How Claim Specificity Can Improve Claim Credibility in Green Advertising: Measures that Can Boost Outcomes From Environmental Product Claims (2018) · cites this paper as Patzer, 1983
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“VisCAP was considered unreliable at one time, as it put considerable emphasis on specific celebrity attributes such as credibility, whereas, as had previously been shown, the majority of consumers perceived celebrities as lacking credibility (Patzer, 1983, 1985).”
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“Physical attractiveness has been defined in terms of both facial and physical aspects (Baker and Churchill, 1977; Patzer, 1983) and the construct generally includes model attractiveness (attractive-unattractive) (Baker and Churchill, 1977), sexiness (Steadman, 1969), sexualness and likability…”
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“Patzer [37] defined physical attractiveness as the degree to which a communicator’s face and body image are pleasing to observe, and experimentally demonstrated that communicators with higher levels of physical attractiveness were more persuasive and perceived with more trust and as having greater…”
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“The high correlation coefficients between speaker attractiveness, speaker credibility, and argument quality are easy to locate within previously established norms of successful persuasion (e.g., Patzer, 1983), which frame these perceptions as intrinsically linked.”
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Scholars’ physical appearance, research performance, and feelings of happiness
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“Scholars’ physical appearance was quantified by applying the truth-of-consensus method (Patzer 1983). This method is used as a standard procedure in attractiveness-research (Rosar et al. 2008). According to this method the physical appearance of a scholar is the arithmetic average of the ratings he or she obtains from…”
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“Attractiveness (or likability) was then included as a third component of credibility because it was reported to play a crucial role in the persuasion process and affect credibility perceptions of the source (Guyer et al., 2019; Patzer, 1983).”
Lawrence, C., & Meivitawanli, B. (2023) · Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal · doi:10.14453/aabfj.v17i5.05 · Cited by 21
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“Physical beauty was determined to be a characteristic of influence (Baker and Churchill 1977; McGuire 1985; Patzer 1983), as was likability (Friedman and Friedman 1979; McGuire 1985).”
BackgroundThe Different Response to Hotels' Endorsement Advertising by Taiwanese and American Tourists
Hsieh, A., & Chang, J. (2005) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1300/j073v19n04_04 · Cited by 19
“In this study, consistent with previous research (Patzer, 1983), physical attractiveness refers to facial appearance and is defined here as the degree to which a stimulus person’s facial features are pleasing to observe.”
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Cooks, E., Duke, K. A., Flood‐Grady, E., Vilaro, M. J., Ghosh, R., Parker, N. D., Te, P., George, T. J., Lok, B. C. L., Williams, M. P., et al. (2022) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.102034 · Cited by 18
“…evaluations are critical in this digital context, given source attractiveness positively influences acceptance of cancer prevention messaging and colorectal cancer screening intentions (Baylor, 2009; Cooks et al., 2022; Liao et al., 2019; Patzer, 1983; Valinatajbahnamiri and Siahtiri, 2021).”
BackgroundCredibility in Information Retrieval
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“…seminal article, ‘‘What Is Beautiful Is Good,’’ suggests that attractive people are perceived as more trustworthy, more socially competent, more intellectually competent, and better adjusted than unattractive people (also see Benoy, 1982; Eagly, Ashmore, Makhijani, & Longo, 1991; Patzer, 1983).”
BackgroundInfluentialGrabe, M. E., & Samson, L. (2010) · Communication Research · doi:10.1177/0093650210384986 · Cited by 16
“, 2008) and spokespeople in print advertisements (Patzer, 1983), gender differences between raters are reported as nonexistent.”
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“, “what is beautiful is good” dogma) as an antecedent of positive advertising attitudes (Baker and Churchill 1977; Caballero and Solomon 1984; Debevec, Madden, and Kernan 1986; Patzer 1983), some studies indicate a lack of evidence concerning this direct effect (Caballero, Lumpkin, and Madden 1989; Kamins 1990).”
BackgroundThe role of employee attractiveness and positive emotion in upscale restaurants
Jin, N., & Merkebu, J. (2015) · Anatolia · doi:10.1080/13032917.2014.948895 · Cited by 15
“Physical attractiveness has been found to lend itself to obtaining credibility with consumers (Patzer, 1983).”
BackgroundMeasuring Attractiveness of Celebrities
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“If statistics suggest greater precision and truthfulness in newsmedia, it is reasonable that figures in sports contexts may well increase credibility through increases in trustworthiness and expertise, leading factors of credibility (Benoy, 1982; Davis & Krawczyk, 2010; Hong, 2006; Hovland et al., 1953; Patzer, 1983;…”
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“Past studies by Praxmarer & Rossiter (2011), Cialdini (2009), Bower & Landreth (2001), Kamins (1990), and Patzer (1983, 1985), among countless others, have shown a distinctive and powerful linkage between a person’s physical attractiveness and ability to persuade others (both intentionally and…”
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The Effects of a Photograph on Mail Survey Response
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Vogel, T., Kutzner, F., Fiedler, K., & Freytag, P. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210371623 · Cited by 14
“Among other things, more attractive senders are perceived as being more trustworthy and as having more expertise (Patzer, 1983)—and they are more likely to induce attitude change than their less attractive counterparts (Chaiken, 1979).”
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Lee, C. (2012) · AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT · doi:10.5897/ajbm11.2170 · Cited by 14
“The stimulating pictures are chosen with consensus method (Patzer, 1985).”
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“According to past research, physical attractiveness refers to the degree to which an individual is considered to be aesthetically pleasing by other people [61].”
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“…by the fact that attractiveness has become an important factor through increased application of attractive celebrities as endorsers for products, brands, services or social causes (Baker & Churchill, 1977; Patzer, 1983; Caballero & Solomon, 1984; De Sarbo & Harshman, 1985; Caballero et al., 1989).”
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“The notion that that individuals with physical attractiveness tend to garner higher levels of likability and trust has been firmly established (Patzer, 1983).”
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“One of the most viable, and observable traits of an individual is their physical attractiveness (Caballero et al., 1989; Dion, 1972; Patzer, 1983).”
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Golan, G. J., & Baker, S. P. (2012) · Journal of Media and Religion · doi:10.1080/15348423.2012.655112 · Cited by 12
“Research indicates that source credibility evaluations range from such substantive dimensions such as source expertise (Austin & Dong, 1994; Eastin, 2001; Sundar & Nass, 2001) to such superficial dimensions as the physical features and attractiveness of the source (Joseph, 1982; Patzer, 1983; Lafferty & Goldsmith, 200…”
BackgroundSimonson, A., & Holbrook, M. B. (1993) · Journal of Public Policy & Marketing · doi:10.1177/074391569101200207 · Cited by 12
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“In addition, some studies have shown that authority and professionalism are important factors for celebrities to be more easily noticed and sought [21, 22]. professionalism of bloggers is closely related to their reliability, which is an important screening mechanism for users for a large number of…”
BackgroundZhang, N., Ruan, C., & Wang, X. (2024) · Information Systems Frontiers · doi:10.1007/s10796-024-10523-9 · Cited by 10
“Additionally, attractiveness could positively influence source credibility, especially the physical attractiveness (Patzer, 1983).”
Influence of salespersons' nonverbal communication cues on consumer shopping behaviour
Das, G. (2016) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.02.009 · Cited by 10
Kim, N. L., & Jin, B. E. (2023) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114083 · Cited by 10
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Financial planner credibility: the importance of being understood
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“Determinants of source credibility previously examined include source physical attractiveness (Patzer, 1983), race and gender (Jones et al.”
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“The building block has been described together in terms of facial and substantial charm (Baker and Churchill 1977; Patzer 1983).”
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Neuroanthropological Perspectives on Culture, Mind, and Brain
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“Characteristics found to affect credibility such as social and emotional skills (e.g., Riggio et al., 1987) or attractiveness (e.g., Patzer, 1983; Zebrowitz et al., 1996) may have varied little in this sender sample, restricting the variance explained by senders.”
BackgroundTemporal, Cultural and Thematic Aspects of Web Credibility
Nielek, R., Wawer, A., Jankowski-Lorek, M., & Wierzbicki, A. (2013) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-03260-3_36 · Cited by 8
“A physically attractive person is perceived more credible[8].”
BackgroundMorimoto, M. (2012) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2012.668436 · Cited by 8
“However, some scholars argue perceived trustworthiness is interrelated with the other components of source credibility, which causes changes in attitudes and behaviors (Patzer, 1983).”
Backgroundde Ridder, D. T. D., Gillebaart, M., & Friese, M. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.040 · Cited by 9
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Using Physical Attractiveness as an Advertising Tool
Caballero, M. J., Lumpkin, J. R., & Madden, C. S. (1989) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1080/00218499.1989.12467691 · Cited by 172
Roozen, I. T. M. (2008) · Cited by 8
Mutual Constitution of Culture and the Mind
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The Physically Unattractive Child
Byrnes, D. A. (1987) · Childhood Education · doi:10.1080/00094056.1987.10521512 · Cited by 8
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“…individual differences (e.g., culture; Morimoto & La Ferle, 2008), different attitudes toward source characteristics (e.g., Imhoff et al., 2018; Swire, Berinsky, et al., 2017; Traberg & van der Linden, 2022), use of different heuristics (e.g., Metzger et al., 2010), or biases (e.g., Patzer, 1983).”
Evaluation of Behavior Change Interventions
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When Sports Celebrity Doesn'T Perfrom: How Consumers React to Celebrity Endorsement?
Upadhyay, Y., & Singh, S. K. (2010) · Vision The Journal of Business Perspective · doi:10.1177/097226291001400107 · Cited by 7
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Berman, A. H., Beckman, M., & Lindqvist, H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.045 · Cited by 12
Neurodiversity as a Conceptual Lens and Topic of Cross-Cultural Study
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Effects of corporate social responsibility communications on community empowerment in Pekanbaru
Rasyid, A., & Nasution, B. (2021) · Linguistics and Culture Review · doi:10.21744/lingcure.v6ns3.1900 · Cited by 7
“The Department of Cooperatives and SMEs only provides assistance information when there is training (Patzer, 1983; Kim et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInstagram Influencers Credibility Dimensions and Purchase Intention of Followers: Empirical Evidence
Kumar, K. L., Venugopal, P., Devi, S. A., Aswinipriya, S., & Rao, C. V. (2022) · Studies in Media and Communication · doi:10.11114/smc.v11i1.5705 · Cited by 14
“2.1.1 Social Media Influencer’s (SMI) Attractiveness From marketing communication lens, Patzer (1983) defined attractiveness as “the physical appearance of an endorser”.”
BackgroundInfluentialXian, T., Fang, Z., Huang, Z., Niu, Y., & Liao, C. (2025) · Journal of Advertising Research · doi:10.1080/00218499.2025.2540161 · Cited by 6
Jones, A. C. T., Repke, A., Batastini, A. B., Sacco, D. F., Dahlen, E. R., & Mohn, R. S. (2023) · Journal of Forensic Sciences · doi:10.1111/1556-4029.15253 · Cited by 6
“Though not a primary variable of interest in the present study, the finding that attractiveness matters in context to source credibility is unsurprising, as research has consistently shown attractiveness is often conflated with source credibility in general [44, 48] and may even be an intrinsic factor of it [49– 51].”
BackgroundYan, X., Tat, H. H., & BAKAR, S. A. (2024) · International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences · doi:10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i3/21092 · Cited by 6
“Some early studies employed terms such as "attractive," "beautiful," "charismatic," and "sophisticated" to characterize attractiveness (Patzer, 1983).”
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“of advertisements and products, and then enhance consumer purchase intentions and bidding prices (Patzer, 1983; Reinhard et al., 2006; Till and Busler, 2000).”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Patzer, G. L.
- Affiliations
- University of North Dakota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Patzer, Gordon L.
- Venue
- Journal of Business Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1983-06
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 229-241
- ISSN
- 0148-2963 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020305927
- Cited by
- 348
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Business Research (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychology of Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Perception and Purchasing Behavior
- Keywords
- source credibility, perceived trust, perceived expertise, persuasive communication, advertising, facial attractiveness
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