Cited by 1,638Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

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Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats

Plotsky, Paul M., Meaney, Michael J.·1993·Molecular Brain Research

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Abstract

Rat pups 2-14 days of age were exposed daily to handling (15 min of separation from mother and home cage), maternal separation (MS; 180 min of comparable separation), or were left entirely undisturbed (non-handled; NH). As adults, MS rats showed increased hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels compared with NH rats, while CRF mRNA levels in H rats were significantly lower than either MS or NH animals. Hypothalamic CRF content under basal conditions followed exactly the same pattern. A 20-min period of restraint stress produced significant CRF depletion in all groups, although the percentage of depletion was significantly lower in H animals compared with either MS or NH animals. Restraint stress produced significantly higher increases in plasma corticosterone in MS and NH animals than in H animals. These data reflect the importance of early environmental factors in regulating the development of the hypothalamic CRF system and the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress.

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“In contrast, longer periods of maternal separation enhance behavioural and HPA responses to stress- and anxiety-like behaviour (Wigger and Neumann 1999; Meaney et al. 1989; Rosenfeld et al. 1992; Plotsky and Meaney 1993; Ladd et al. 1996; Huot et al. 2001; Kalinichev et al. 2001; Daniels et al. 2004).”
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“Furthermore, other preclinical studies indicate that modulation of the HPA axis function during stress response promotes a resilient phenotype (Plotsky and Meaney, 1993; Weaver et al., 2005).”
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“…activation of the HPA axis is markedly attenuated in handled rats (Meaney, Aitken, Bodnoff, Iny, & Sapolsky, 1985; Meaney et al., 1991; Plotsky & Meaney, 1993) and this is believed to be due to enhanced negative feedback resulting from increased expression of glucocorticoid receptors…”
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“Most of these results have been gathered through the maternal separation (MS) paradigm (Plotsky & Meaney, 1993), in which animals experience daily episodes of maternal separation for varying periods of time (usually 180 or 360 min each day) during the first weeks of life.”
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Authors: Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
Corresponding author: Meaney, Michael J.
ORCID: Meaney, Michael J.
Venue: Molecular Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1993-05
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 195-200
ISSN: 0169-328X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90189-v
OpenAlex: W1984427714
Cited by: 1,638
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 75
FWCI: 7.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh045216-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH45216)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: corticotropin-releasing factor, hypothalamus, maternal separation, early life stress, handling, restraint stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticosterone, median eminence, stress responsiveness, developmental programming
MeSH terms: Actins, Aging, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Handling, Psychological, Hypothalamus, Maternal Behavior, Median Eminence, Reference Values, Restraint, Physical, RNA, Messenger, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Blotting, Northern, Rats

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Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats

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