Cited by 34Child Abuse and TraumaNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorStress Responses and Cortisol

The influence of stress and early life adversity on addiction: Psychobiological mechanisms of risk and resilience

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Mustafa Al’Absi·2020·International review of neurobiology

Abstract

Preclinical, clinical, and population research demonstrates that stress and early life adversity (ELA) increase vulnerability to initiate, maintain, and relapse in addiction. Individuals with addiction problems have higher prevalence of trauma exposure than nondrug users; and this association extends to young populations (e.g., adolescents). Mechanisms for these associations likely involve multiple systems, including changes in the mesolimbic reward functions, HPA axis stress response, and other stress- and reward-related pathways. Other brain morphological and functional changes are also likely involved and directly contribute to the neurohormonal and behavioral alterations observed during adulthood in those exposed to ELA. Stress-related risk is influenced by sex, genetic factors, and resilience, among other factors. Our heuristic model proposes that long-term effects of stress and ELA on the brain contribute to dysregulation of the stress response, emotional reactivity, reward systems, cognitive dysregulation, and delay discounting that lead to impulsive and high-risk behaviors, such as drug use and relapse.

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Authors
Al’Absi, M.
Affiliations
University of Minnesota (US)
Corresponding author
Mustafa Al’Absi
Venue
International review of neurobiology
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2020
Volume
152
Pages
71-100
ISSN
0074-7742 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W3021998954
Cited by
34
References
249
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
FWCI
24.93
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • International review of neurobiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institutes of Health (R01DA027232, R01DA016351)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Keywords
childhood adversity, stress, addiction, resilience, trauma exposure, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, mesolimbic reward system, stress response dysregulation, emotional reactivity, delay discounting, impulsivity, drug relapse, sex differences, genetic factors, brain structural changes, cognitive dysregulation, adolescents
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Neural Pathways, Stress, Psychological, Behavior, Addictive, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Resilience, Psychological

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