Cited by 1,638Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorNeuropeptides and Animal Physiology

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Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats

Plotsky, Paul M., Meaney, Michael J.·1993·Molecular Brain Research

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Abstract

Rat pups 2-14 days of age were exposed daily to handling (15 min of separation from mother and home cage), maternal separation (MS; 180 min of comparable separation), or were left entirely undisturbed (non-handled; NH). As adults, MS rats showed increased hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA levels compared with NH rats, while CRF mRNA levels in H rats were significantly lower than either MS or NH animals. Hypothalamic CRF content under basal conditions followed exactly the same pattern. A 20-min period of restraint stress produced significant CRF depletion in all groups, although the percentage of depletion was significantly lower in H animals compared with either MS or NH animals. Restraint stress produced significantly higher increases in plasma corticosterone in MS and NH animals than in H animals. These data reflect the importance of early environmental factors in regulating the development of the hypothalamic CRF system and the responsiveness of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress.

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Self-citation
Chapter 21 Like mother, like daughter: evidence for non-genomic transmission of parental behavior and stress responsivity
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Self-citation
Influence of Neonatal Rearing Conditions on Stress‐Induced Adrenocorticotropin Responses and Norepinepherine Release in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus
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Long-term Biobehavioral Effects of Maternal Separation in the Rat: Consistent or Confusing?
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Long-Term Behavioral Effects of Repetitive Pain in Neonatal Rat Pups
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Self-citation
Clinical Importance of Pain and Stress in Preterm Neonates
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“On the other hand, brief MS (usually ≤15 min) appears to lead to a decrease in anxiety-like behaviours, decreased HPA axis tone and responsiveness to stress (Levine 2005; Plotsky and Meaney 1993; Plotsky et al. 2005) in adulthood.”
Background
Epigenetics across the human lifespan
Kanherkar, R. R., Bhatia-Dey, N., & Csoka, A. B. (2014) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2014.00049 · Cited by 407
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Dysfunctional nurturing behavior in rat dams with limited access to nesting material: A clinically relevant model for early-life stress
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“…to stressors in ELGA preterm infants at 8 months who had the most exposure to painful procedures since birth are consistent with those found in animal models of maternal separation stress, which reported sensitization of the HPA axis to subsequent stressors (e.g. Plotsky and Meaney, 1993).”
Method
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LUPIEN, S. J., Juster, R., Raymond, C., & Marin, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.001 · Cited by 445
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Neonatal maternal separation reduces hippocampal mossy fiber density in adult Long Evans rats
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Self-citation
Transgenerational effects of social environment on variations in maternal care and behavioral response to novelty
Champagne, F. A., & Meaney, M. J. (2007) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.121.6.1353 · Cited by 381
“…found to exert long-term consequences for maternal behavior (Boccia & Pedersen, 2001; Fleming et al., 2002; Ladd et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2000; Plotsky & Meaney, 1993; Pryce, Bettschen, & Feldon, 2001), with females showing deficits in maternal LG toward their own offspring (Fleming et al.,…”
BackgroundSelf-citation
The role of corticotropin-releasing factor–norepinephrine systems in mediating the effects of early experience on the development of behavioral and endocrine responses to stress
Francis, D. D., Caldji, C., Champagne, F., Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00237-1 · Cited by 380
Self-citation

Authors: Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J.
Affiliations: Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
Corresponding author: Meaney, Michael J.
ORCID: Meaney, Michael J.
Venue: Molecular Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1993-05
Volume: 18
Issue: 3
Pages: 195-200
ISSN: 0169-328X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(93)90189-v
OpenAlex: W1984427714
Cited by: 1,638
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 40 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 61 · 2015: 49 · 2014: 83 · 2013: 65 · 2012: 75
FWCI: 7.02
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Molecular Brain Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh045216-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH45216)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Keywords: corticotropin-releasing factor, hypothalamus, maternal separation, early life stress, handling, restraint stress, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, corticosterone, median eminence, stress responsiveness, developmental programming
MeSH terms: Actins, Aging, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Corticosterone, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Female, Handling, Psychological, Hypothalamus, Maternal Behavior, Median Eminence, Reference Values, Restraint, Physical, RNA, Messenger, Social Isolation, Stress, Psychological, Blotting, Northern, Rats

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Early, postnatal experience alters hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) mRNA, median eminence CRF content and stress-induced release in adult rats

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