Cited by 367Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory Processes and Influences

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 104 of the 104 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Biases of attention and memory in disorders of anxiety and depression

Dalgleish, Tim, Watts, Fraser N.·1990·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(90)90098-u

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0272-7358(90)90098-u

Cites

104 of 104 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

We couldn’t retrieve this paper’s full text, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
Stroop, J. R. (1935) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0054651 · Cited by 18,622
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
Untitled work
(1975) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,245
Emotional processing of fear: Exposure to corrective information.
Foa, E. B., & Kozak, M. J. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.20 · Cited by 5,396
Cognitive Therapy and the Emotional Disorders
Jaffe, B. (1977) · Psychosomatics · doi:10.1016/s0033-3182(77)71107-7 · Cited by 4,730
Mental models : Towards a cognitive science of language, inference, and consciousness. By Philip N. Johnson-Laird (Cognitive science series, 6.) Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983. Pp. 528. $25.00.
Ford, M. (1985) · Language · doi:10.2307/414498 · Cited by 4,419
Mood and memory
Bower, G. H. (1981) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.36.2.129 · Cited by 4,154
Cognitive Therapy in Depression
Kovács, M. (1980) · Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1521/jaap.1.1980.8.1.127 · Cited by 3,422
Attentional bias in emotional disorders
MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.95.1.15 · Cited by 3,152
Untitled work
(1985) · Cited by 2,882

Show all 100 references

Research works printed but not linked: 4

Hollon, 1988, Review of empirical studies on cognitive therapy, Vol. 7, 643
Lewinsohn, 1981, Depression related cognitions: Antecedents or consequences?, Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 6, 459
Rapee, 1989, The use of cognitive methodology in the assessment of treatment outcome in phobic disorders
Watts, 1988, Agoraphobia: The changing face of treatment, Vol. 2, 53

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 367

Clinical implications of attentional bias in anxiety disorders: An integrative literature review.
Mobini, S., & Grant, A. J. (2007) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.450 · Cited by 89
Fearfulness and Affective Evaluations of Pictures
Bradley, M. M., & Lang, P. J. (1999) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1021375216854 · Cited by 73
“The hypothesis that high trait anxious people show selective biases in the processing of emotional information has been investigated recently in both clinical and non-clinical (see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Mineka & Sutton, 1992) populations.”
Background
Linking work conditions to unpleasant affect: Cognition, categorization and goals
Daniels, K., Harris, C., & Briner, R. B. (2004) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/0963179041752628 · Cited by 71
Effects of state anxiety on selective processing of threatening information
Chen, E. (1996) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999396380231 · Cited by 71
Comparison of social phobia subtypes using Stroop tests
McNeil, D. W., Ries, B. J., Taylor, L. J., Boone, M. L., Carter, L. E., Turk, C. L., & Lewin, M. R. (1995) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(94)00027-8 · Cited by 71
“Within the last 10 years, cognitive psychology methods for studying attention, memory, and other cognitive processes have been applied to assessing anxiety and its disorders (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Logan & Goetsch, 1993).”
Background
Characterizing emotional Stroop interference in posttraumatic stress disorder, major depression and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Joyal, M., Wensing, T., Levasseur‐Moreau, J., Leblond, J., Sack, A. T., & Fecteau, S. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0214998 · Cited by 80
Long-Term Stability of Parental Representations in Depressed Outpatients Utilizing the Parental Bonding Instrument
Lizardi, H., & Klein, D. N. (2005) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/01.nmd.0000154838.16100.36 · Cited by 70
“Research has consistently indicated that clinical levels of depression affect the recall of personal memories (see reviews by Blaney, 1986; Bower, 1987; Dalgleish and Watts, 1990).”
Background
Maternal depression and medication exposure during pregnancy: comparison of maternal retrospective recall to prospective documentation
Newport, D. J., Brennan, P. A., Green, P., Ilardi, D. L., Whitfield, T. H., Morris, N. J., Knight, B. T., & Stowe, Z. N. (2008) · BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01701.x · Cited by 69
Examining the Evidence for Anxiety-Related Cognitive Biases in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Summerfeldt, L. J., & Endler, N. S. (1998) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(98)00035-8 · Cited by 73
Responding to threat: Hemispheric asymmetries and interhemispheric division of input.
Compton, R. J., Heller, W., Banich, M. T., Palmieri, P. A., & Miller, G. A. (2000) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.14.2.254 · Cited by 71
Ketamine normalizes brain activity during emotionally valenced attentional processing in depression
Reed, J. L., Nugent, A. C., Furey, M. L., Szczepanik, J. E., Evans, J. W., & Zarate, C. A. (2018) · NeuroImage: Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2018.07.006 · Cited by 67
“Specifically, numerous behavioral studies have suggested that, compared to healthy controls (HCs), individuals with MDD demonstrate a cognitive bias towards negative emotional information (Dalgleish and Watts, 1990; Mathews and Macleod, 1994).”
How to modify persisting negative expectations in major depression? An experimental study comparing three strategies to inhibit cognitive immunization against novel positive experiences
Κube, T., Glombiewski, J. A., Gall, J., Touissant, L., Gärtner, T., & Rief, W. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2019.03.027 · Cited by 67
Negative memory bias as a transdiagnostic cognitive marker for depression symptom severity
Duyser, F. A., van Eijndhoven, P., Bergman, M. A., Collard, R. M., Schene, A. H., Tendolkar, I., & Vrijsen, J. N. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.156 · Cited by 74
Safety behaviors and dysfunctional beliefs about sleep: Testing a cognitive model of the maintenance of insomnia
Woodley, J., & Smith, S. S. (2006) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.03.002 · Cited by 63
“This anxiety creates an attentional bias toward a perceived threat such that the anxious state causes the individual to focus only on sleeprelated cues [5].”
Background
The Evolving Construct of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): DSM-5 Criteria Changes and Legal Implications
Zoellner, L. A., Bedard‐Gilligan, M. A., Jun, J. J., Marks, L. H., & Garcia, N. M. (2013) · Psychological Injury and Law · doi:10.1007/s12207-013-9175-6 · Cited by 68
“Individuals with depression are often biased in their retrospective reporting of events, having both specificity and negative attribution problems (e.g., Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Brewin, Andrews & Gotlib, 1993).”
Attachment, depressotypic cognitions, and dysphoria
Whisman, M. A., & McGarvey, A. L. (1995) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf02227858 · Cited by 59
Parental depression and diabetes-specific distress after the onset of type 1 diabetes in children
Noser, A. E., Dai, H., Marker, A. M., Raymond, J. K., Majidi, S., Clements, M. A., Stanek, K. R., & Patton, S. R. (2019) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000699 · Cited by 57
Cognitive assessment strategies and the measurement of outcome of treatment for social phobia
Heimberg, R. G. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90121-x · Cited by 60
Cognitive Theory of Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Wilhelm, S., & Neziroglu, F. A. (2002) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043410-0/50014-3 · Cited by 60
Influence of Craniosacral Therapy on Anxiety, Depression and Quality of Life in Patients with Fibromyalgia
Matarán-Peñarrocha, G. A., Castro‐Sánchez, A. M., García, G. C., Moreno-Lorenzo, C., Carreño, T. P., & Zafra, M. D. O. (2009) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1093/ecam/nep125 · Cited by 56
A Brain Model of Disturbed Self-Appraisal in Depression
Davey, C. G., Breakspear, M. J., Pujol, J., & Harrison, B. J. (2017) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.16080883 · Cited by 61
“Other aspects of the self are also disturbed in depression—for example, in its relationship to negative memory biases (46) and interoceptive awareness (47).”
Initial Orienting to Emotional Faces in Female Adolescents with Borderline Personality Disorder
von Ceumern-Lindenstjerna, I.-A., Brunner, R. M., Parzer, P., Mundt, C., Fiedler, P. A., & Resch, F. (2010) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000274176 · Cited by 54
“Depression is therefore not reliably associated with attention bias to ‘depressive or threatening words’, but rather with biases in later stages of information processing such as the selective recall of negative information [”
Background
Neural time course of threat-related attentional bias and interference in panic and obsessive-compulsive disorders
Thomas, S. J., Gonsalvez, C. J., & Johnstone, S. J. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2013.05.012 · Cited by 51
“Because evidence is stronger for attentional than for memory biases in anxiety disorders (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990), it is germane to investigate ERPs in PD during tasks such as the emotional Stroop which cause reliable behavioral interference (Lundh, Wikstrom, Westerlund, & Ost, 1999; McNally et…”
Children's interpretation and avoidant response biases in response to non-salient and salient situations: Relationships with mothers’ threat perception and coping expectations
Micco, J. A., & Ehrenreich, J. T. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.03.009 · Cited by 59
“While numerous studies have found evidence for attentional bias in adults with anxiety disorders or high trait anxiety (i.e., Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; MacLeod & Mathews, 1988), there have been fewer studies of this phenomenon in anxious children (Ehrenreich & Gross, 2002).”
Background
Attentional bias in clinical depression and anxiety: The impact of emotional and non-emotional distracting information
Lichtenstein-Vidne, L., Okon‐Singer, H., Cohen, N., Todder, D., Aue, T., Nemets, B., & Henik, A. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.07.012 · Cited by 59
Effects of restorative environment and presence on anxiety and depression based on interactive virtual reality scenarios
Wang, Z., Li, Y., An, J., Dong, W., Li, H., Ma, H., Wang, J., Wu, J., Jiang, T., & Wang, G. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19137878 · Cited by 51
Mood and the suppression of positive and negative self-referent thoughts
Howell, A. J., & Conway, M. A. (1992) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/bf01175140 · Cited by 51
“increase the relative accessibility of positive material, whereas negative mood states tend to increase the relative accessibility of negative material (see Blaney, 1986; Dalgeish & Watts, 1990; Singer & Salovey, 1988, for reviews).”
Background
The endorsement of dysfunctional attitudes is associated with an impaired retrieval of specific autobiographical memories in response to matching cues
Spinhoven, P., Bockting, C., Kremers, I. P., Schene, A. H., & Williams, J. (2007) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210701256555 · Cited by 51
“Memory impairment might be associated with overarching factors common to various forms of psychopathology (eg, severity of illness, motivational deficits, effortful processing deficits; Dalgleish & Watts, 1990 ).”
Background
Cognitive Biases in Pathological Health Anxiety: The Contribution of Attention, Memory, and Evaluation Processes
Witthöft, M., Kerstner, T., Ofer, J., Mier, D., Rist, F., Diener, C., & Bailer, J. (2016) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702615593474 · Cited by 49
“Abnormalities in information processing are of paramount importance for our understanding of mental disorders (e.g., Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Mathews & Wells, 2000).”
Background
Attention bias towards negative emotional information and its relationship with daily worry in the context of acute stress: An eye-tracking study
Macatee, R. J., Albanese, B. J., Schmidt, N. B., & Cougle, J. R. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.12.013 · Cited by 47
Goal Achievement and Goal-Related Cognitions in Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression
Knittle, K. P., Gellert, P. R., Moore, C., Bourke, N., & Hull, V. (2019) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2019.01.005 · Cited by 51
Employee subjective well-being and physiological functioning: An integrative model
Kuykendall, L. E., & Tay, L. (2015) · Health Psychology Open · doi:10.1177/2055102915592090 · Cited by 58
“At a more basic level, affect can also direct attentional focus to emotionally congruent cues and information, thereby generating cognitive consistency with affect (Dalgleish and Watts, 1990).”
Background
Cognitive reserve-mediated neural modulation of emotional control and regulation in people with late-life depression
Huang, C., Fan, Y., Lee, S., Liu, H., Chen, Y.-L., Lin, C., & Lee, T. M. C. (2019) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsz054 · Cited by 49
Sleep‐related attentional bias in poor versus good sleepers is independent of affective valence
Barclay, N. L., & Ellis, J. G. (2013) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12035 · Cited by 47
“individuals is biased towards encoding threatening stimuli (Dalgleish and Watts, 1990), and this focused attention may”
BackgroundInfluential
Buddhism & western psychology: Fundamentals of integration.
Mikulas, W. L. (2007) · Journal of Consciousness Studies · Cited by 46
The impact of rumination on memory for self-referent material
Moulds, M. L., Kandris, E., & Williams, A. D. (2007) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210701725831 · Cited by 49
“Depressed and dysphoric individuals display preferential retrieval of negative material (for a review, see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990 ; Power, Dalgleish, Claudio, Tata, & Kentish, 2000 ).”
Background
Memory for Threat-relevant and Threat-irrelevant Cues in Spider Phobics
Wessel, I., & Merckelbach, H. (1998) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999398379790 · Cited by 48
Reward expectation regulates brain responses to task-relevant and task-irrelevant emotional words: ERP evidence
Wei, P., Wang, D., & Ji, L. (2015) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsv097 · Cited by 44
Clarifying the causal relationship in women between childhood sexual abuse and lifetime major depression
Kendler, K. S., & Aggen, S. H. (2014) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291713001797 · Cited by 44
Implicit and explicit memory bias in depressed and non depressed subjects
Ruíz-Caballero, J. A., & Gonzilez, P. (1994) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699939408408959 · Cited by 43
Peripheral Cuing of Covert Spatial Attention Before and After Emotional Conditioning of the Cue
Stormark, K. M., & Hugdahl, K. (1996) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459608986713 · Cited by 43
Indirect assessment of an interpretation bias in humans: neurophysiological and behavioral correlates
Schick, A., Wessa, M., Vollmayr, B., Kuehner, C., & Kanske, P. (2013) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2013.00272 · Cited by 47
“But, we also have to point out that the literature on cognitive biases in depression is inconsistent (for reviews see Dalgleish and Watts, 1990; Gotlib and Joormann, 2010).”
Background
Transient emotional events and individual affective traits affect emotion recognition in a perceptual decision-making task
Qiao, E., Quesada, M. G., Antico, L., Bavelier, D., Vuilleumier, P. O., & Pichon, S. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0171375 · Cited by 52
Enhanced retrieval of unpleasant memories influenced by shock controllability, shock sequence, and rat strain
Paré, W. P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00220-0 · Cited by 41
Attentional Focus During Repeated Checking Influences Memory but not Metamemory
Ashbaugh, A. R., & Radomsky, A. S. (2007) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-006-9087-9 · Cited by 39
“Because scores on the BDI-II were greater for high checkers than low checkers, we were concerned that some of the differences between the groups may be attributable to differences in depression, particularly given the fact that depression has been associated with memory biases (see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990 for a review…”
Background
Research Review: Why do prospective and retrospective measures of maltreatment differ? A narrative review
Coleman, O., Baldwin, J. R., Dalgleish, T., Rose‐Clarke, K., Widom, C. S., & Danese, A. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14048 · Cited by 42
Catastrophic cognitions in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia
Khawaja, N. G., & Oei, T. P. S. (1998) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(97)00088-3 · Cited by 37
Cognitive bias in eating disorders: Interpretation of ambiguous body-related information
Williamson, D. A., Perrin, L. A., Blouin, D. C., & Barbin, J. M. (2000) · Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia Bulimia and Obesity · doi:10.1007/bf03354444 · Cited by 37
Veterans' disclosure of trauma to healthcare providers
Leibowitz, R. Q., Jeffreys, M. D., Copeland, L. A., & Noël, P. H. (2008) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2007.11.004 · Cited by 37
“Alternatively, veterans who disclosed 5 or more years ago were more likely to report depression and may have experienced congruence between present mood and memory of past events [20–22].”
Background
Observational fear conditioning in the acquisition and extinction of attentional bias for threat: An experimental evaluation.
Kelly, M. M., & Forsyth, J. P. (2007) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.324 · Cited by 38
Personal characteristics associated with consistency of recall of depressed or anhedonic mood in the 13‐year follow‐up of the Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Survey
Thompson, R., Bogner, H. R., Coyne, J. C., Gallo, J. J., & Eaton, W. W. (2004) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2003.00284.x · Cited by 36
“In any case, it appears that depressed patients may be cognitively predisposed to recall previous instances of depression, whether the mechanism involved is state-dependent learning (48) or mood-congruent recall (49).”
Background
Mood-congruent free recall bias in anxiety
Russo, R., Fox, E., Lynn, B., & Nguyen-Van-Tam, D. P. (2001) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699930125788 · Cited by 37
“The available empirical evidence seems to suggest that there is no moodcongruent explicit memory bias for threat-related information in high trait anxiety individuals and in clinically anxious individuals (for reviews, see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Williams et al., 1997).”
A Preliminary Multimethod Comparison of Sleep Among Adolescents With and Without Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Mullin, B. C., Pyle, L. L., Haraden, D. A., Riederer, J., Brim, N., Kaplan, D. S., & Novins, D. K. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1080/15374416.2016.1220312 · Cited by 39
“This discrepancy could be attributed to reporter bias, such that anxious individuals are more likely than nonanxious individuals to report problems in a variety of domains due to an influence of negative mood (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990).”
Background
“How Has the Week Been for You Two?” Relationship Satisfaction and Hindsight Memory Biases in Couples' Reports of Relationship Events
Halford, W. K., Keefer, E., & Osgarby, S. M. (2002) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021289400436 · Cited by 36
“A number of clinical disorders, notably various forms of anxiety and depression, are associated with biases in cognitive processing of interpersonal information ( Dalgleish & Watts, 1990 ).”
Background
Adult Anxiety Disorders in Relation to Trait Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Childhood
Mundy, E. A., Weber, M., Rauch, S. L., Killgore, W. D. S., Simon, N. M., Pollack, M. H., & Rosso, I. M. (2015) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.10.pr0.117c17z6 · Cited by 45
Successful Psychotherapy Reduces Hypervigilance in Borderline Personality Disorder
Sieswerda, S., Arntz, A. R., & Kindt, M. (2007) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465807003694 · Cited by 36
Socioeconomic disadvantage, brain morphometry, and attentional bias to threat in middle childhood
Dufford, A. J., Bianco, H., & Kim, P. (2018) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-00670-3 · Cited by 35
Etiology and Pathophysiology of Insomnia
Perlis, M. L., Ellis, J. G., Kloss, J. D., & Riemann, D. W. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00082-9 · Cited by 35
Self-processing in relation to emotion and reward processing in depression
Hobbs, C., Sui, J., Kessler, D. S., Munafo, M. R., & Button, K. S. (2021) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291721003597 · Cited by 34
“Similarly based on evidence of impaired affective processing in depression (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Dalili, Penton-Voak, Harmer, & Munafò, 2015; Eshel & Roiser, 2010), we predicted that depression would be associated with worse performance when associating shapes with positive and rewarding…”
Background
The effects of valence and arousal on time perception in individuals with social anxiety
Yoo, J.-Y., & Lee, J.-H. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01208 · Cited by 36
Effects of Level of Processing on Implicit and Explicit Memory in Depressed Mood
Ruíz-Caballero, J. A., & González, P. G. (1997) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1023/a:1024438701205 · Cited by 35
“The narrative reviews of the literature on mood-congruent memory suggest that mood-congruent learning is a stable phenomenon that can be reliably observed in depressed patients, but less so in naturally occurring depressed mood state or when moods are induced artificially (see Blaney, 1986; Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Si…”
Background
I Did OK, but Did I Like It? Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Examine Perceptions of Social Interactions Associated With Severity of Social Anxiety and Depression
Geyer, E. C., Fua, K., Daniel, K. E., Chow, P. I., Bonelli, W. P., Huang, Y., Barnes, L. E., & Teachman, B. A. (2018) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2018.07.009 · Cited by 36
Disorder- and emotional context-specific neurofunctional alterations during inhibitory control in generalized anxiety and major depressive disorder
Liu, C., Dai, J., Chen, Y., Qi, Z., Xin, F., Zhuang, Q., Zhou, X., Zhou, F., Luo, L., Huang, Y., et al. (2021) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102661 · Cited by 33
The importance of importance in OCD memory research
Radomsky, A. S., & Rachman, S. (2004) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2004.04.005 · Cited by 34
“Early negative findings of memory bias in association with anxiety disorders were difficult to reconcile with existing models (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990), and as such, newer models were developed to account for the well-supported presence of attentional biases associated with anxiety but the apparent…”
Result
Relationship between panic attack symptoms and cognitions in panic disorder patients
Westling, B. E., & Öst, L. (1993) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(93)90001-2 · Cited by 34
Cognitive content specificity in selective attention across four domains of maladjustment
Westra, H. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (1997) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(96)00099-x · Cited by 33
Attentional Biases and Vulnerability to Depression
Pérez, M. G., Rivera, R. M. B., Fuster, A. B., & Rodríguez, M. Á. R. (1999) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/s1138741600005412 · Cited by 33
“Data supporting the existence of attentional bias towards emotional information are much sounder in anxiety than in depression (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; MacLeod, Mathews, & Tata, 1986).”
Background
How do serotonergic psychedelics treat depression: The potential role of neuroplasticity
Artin, H., Zisook, S., & Ramanathan, D. (2021) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v11.i6.201 · Cited by 33
Attentional Bias in Insomnia: The Dot-Probe Task with Pictorial Stimuli Depicting Daytime Fatigue/Malaise
Jansson‐Fröjmark, M., Bermås, M., & Kjellén, A. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9486-z · Cited by 32
“…in the extant literature is that, despite documented robust findings for attentional bias towards threat stimuli in anxiety and depression (Dalgleish and Watts 1990), neither anxiety nor depression have been taken into account as potential explanations of the findings between insomnia and…”
Background
The effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan on attention and central serotonin neurochemistry in the rhesus macaque
Weinberg‐Wolf, H., Fagan, N. A., Anderson, G. M., Tringides, M. L., Monte, O. D., & Chang, S. W. C. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-017-0003-7 · Cited by 34
The neurobiological presentation of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review
McVey, A. J. (2019) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2063 · Cited by 32
Negative emotion and problematic mobile phone use: The mediating role of rumination and the moderating role of social support
Gao, L., Yang, C., Yang, X., Chu, X., Liu, Q., & Zhou, Z. (2021) · Asian Journal Of Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajsp.12471 · Cited by 33
Cognitive correlates of anxious and depressive symptomatology: An examination of the Helplessness/Hopelessness model
Waikar, S. V., & Craske, M. G. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(96)00031-x · Cited by 32
Oversampled and undersolved: Depressive rumination from an active inference perspective
Berg, M., Feldmann, M., Kirchner, L., & Κube, T. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104873 · Cited by 36
Intrusive Traumatic Childhood Memories in Depression: A Comparison Between Depressed, Recovered and Never Depressed Women
Spenceley, A., & Jerrom, B. (1997) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465800018713 · Cited by 31
“A number of early studies reported that depressed people were more likely to recall negative experiences than positive ones, although more recent research has cast some doubt on this phenomenon (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990).”
Result
Cognitive training for modifying interpretation and attention bias in depression: Relevance to mood improvement and implications for cognitive intervention in depression
Nejati, V., Fathi, E., Shahidi, S., & Salehinejad, M. A. (2018) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.012 · Cited by 31
Asking a Straightforward Question: Managers' Perceptions and Managers' Emotions
Daniels, K. (2003) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.00260 · Cited by 29
Anxiety and attention: is there an attentional bias for positive emotional stimuli?
Ruiz-caballero, J. A., & Bermúdez, J. (1997) · The Journal of general psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309709595517 · Cited by 38
Staying tuned to research in implicit cognition: Relevance for clinical practice with anxiety disorders
Teachman, B. A., & Woody, S. R. (2004) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/s1077-7229(04)80026-9 · Cited by 28
Cognitive mechanisms in chronic insomnia: Processes and prospects
Kaplan, K. A., Talbot, L. S., & Harvey, A. G. (2009) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2009.07.007 · Cited by 28
Are Negative Mood States Associated with Cognitive Function in Newly Diagnosed Patients with Epilepsy?
Pulliainen, V., Kuikka, P., & Kalska, H. (2000) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00183.x · Cited by 28
Altered electroencephalography functional connectivity in depression during the emotional face-word Stroop task
Guo, Z., Wu, X., Liu, J., Li, Y., & Hu, B. (2018) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/aacdbb · Cited by 27
Maladaptive Processing of Maladaptive Content: Rumination as a Mechanism Linking Cognitive Biases to Depressive Symptoms
Wisco, B. E., Gilbert, K., & Marroquín, B. M. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychopathology · doi:10.5127/jep.038213 · Cited by 26
“…rumination but not worry is consistent with a literature indicating that explicit and autobiographical memory biases are more strongly associated with depression than with anxiety (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Morgan, 2010; Rinck & Becker, 2005; Williams, Watts, MacLeod, & Mathews, 1997; Wisco, 2009).”
Result
Negative Valence in Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Relationship Between Amygdala Activity, Selective Attention, and Co-occurring Anxiety
Herrington, J. D., Maddox, B. B., McVey, A. J., Franklin, M. E., Yerys, B. E., Miller, J. S., & Schultz, R. T. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.03.009 · Cited by 26
Memory function in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder and the problem of confidence in their memories: a clinical study.
Karadağ, F., Oğuzhanoğlu, N. K., Özdel, O. İ., Ateşçi, F. Ç., & Amuk, T. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 26
Implicit attention bias for disgust
Charash, M., McKay, D., & Dipaolo, N. (2006) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800601055915 · Cited by 25
“Furthermore, Dalgleish & Watts (1990) referred to mood congruency to further describe the enhanced coding and/or retrieval of material.”
BackgroundInfluential
Doubt reduction using distinctive stimuli as a treatment for compulsive checking: An exploratory investigation
Tallis, F. (1993) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.5640010107 · Cited by 25
The Experimental Investigation of Religious CognitionPreprint
Gibson, N. J. S. (2018) · doi:10.31237/osf.io/mxwfc · Cited by 25
Verbal Regulation of Motivational States
Valdivia, S., Luciano, C., & Molina, F. J. (2006) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/bf03396035 · Cited by 22
Therapeutic dose assessment of patient switching from atorvastatin to simvastatin.
Hess, G. P., Sanders, K. N., Hill, J. W., & Liu, L. Z. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 24
Etiology of Fear and Anxiety
Sweeney, M., & Pine, D. (2004) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med:psych/9780195135947.003.0002 · Cited by 24
“Anxious individuals may have a bias to selectively attend to stimuli perceived as threatening, which facilitates the development and maintenance of anxiety (Beck & Emory, 1976; Dalgleish and Watts, 1990; Mineka & Sutton, 1992).”
BackgroundInfluential
Conceptual Framework for Insomnia: A Cognitive Model in Practice
Vaziri, Z., Nami, M., Leite, J. P., Delbem, A. C. B., Hyppolito, M. Â., & Ghodratitoostani, I. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.628836 · Cited by 25
“The same rationale applies to cognitive theories of anxiety disorders (Beck and Clark, 1997), according to which prioritized attentionallocation to threat cues would trigger the development and maintenance of anxiety (Dalgleish and Watts, 1990).”
Background
End-of-life experiences of mothers with advanced cancer: perspectives of widowed fathers
Park, E. M., Deal, A. M., Yopp, J. M., Edwards, T., Wilson, D. J., Hanson, L. C., & Rosenstein, D. L. (2015) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-000976 · Cited by 23
Insecure attachment states: their relationship to borderline and narcissistic personality disorders and treatment process in cognitive analytic therapy
Jellema, A. (2000) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0879(200005)7:2 · Cited by 22
A test of the cognitive model of panic: Primed lexical decision in panic disorder
Schniering, C. A., & Rapee, R. M. (1997) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0887-6185(97)00029-7 · Cited by 23
Aging, neurocognitive reserve, and the healthy brain
Huang, C., & Huang, H.-W. (2019) · The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation · doi:10.1016/bs.plm.2019.07.006 · Cited by 22
An Internet-based investigation of the catastrophic misinterpretation model of panic disorder
Austin, D., & Kiropoulos, L. A. (2007) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.01.013 · Cited by 25
Ketamine and Attentional Bias Toward Emotional Faces: Dynamic Causal Modeling of Magnetoencephalographic Connectivity in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Gilbert, J. R., Galiano, C. S., Nugent, A. C., & Zarate, C. A. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.673159 · Cited by 20
“For example, compared to healthy volunteers, individuals with MDD showed a bias toward negative emotional information (36, 37), including a bias toward faces demonstrating negative emotions compared to positive emotions (38, 39).”
Background
Identifying and challenging unhelpful thinking
Williams, C., & Garland, A. (2002) · Advances in Psychiatric Treatment · doi:10.1192/apt.8.5.377 · Cited by 21
“Experimental research data (e.g. Williams & Dritschel, 1988; Dalgleish & Watts, 1990) have confirmed that both the processing styles and the content of thinking vary in different emotional states.”
Failure to replicate a memory bias in panic disorder
Rapee, R. M. (1994) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/0887-6185(94)00018-2 · Cited by 21

Authors: Dalgleish, T., & Watts, F. N.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Watts, Fraser N.
ORCID: Dalgleish, Tim
Watts, Fraser N.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 589-604
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(90)90098-u
OpenAlex: W1965578008
Cited by: 366
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: attentional bias, memory bias, anxiety disorders, depression, threat stimuli, mood-congruent memory, cognitive biases, diathesis-stress model, schema theory, mental models, cognitive assessment, cognitive therapy

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Biases of attention and memory in disorders of anxiety and depression

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks