Cited by 367Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesMemory Processes and Influences

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Biases of attention and memory in disorders of anxiety and depression

Dalgleish, Tim, Watts, Fraser N.·1990·Clinical Psychology Review

DOI 10.1016/0272-7358(90)90098-u

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Free viewing of sad and happy faces in depression: A potential target for attention bias modification
Lazarov, A., Ben‐Zion, Z., Shamai‐Leshem, D., Pine, D. S., & Bar‐Haim, Y. (2018) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.047 · Cited by 115
“itizes negative-valence over positive and neutral information (Dalgleish and Watts, 1990; De Raedt and Koster, 2010; Koster et al., 2011; Peckham et al., 2010).”
Opiate States of Memory: Receptor Mechanisms
Slot, L. A. B., & Colpaert, F. C. (1999) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-23-10520.1999 · Cited by 111
“…(moodcongruent) items are better learned and remembered than items that are not (Bower, 1981; Clark and Teasdale, 1982; Blaney, 1986; Kenealy, 1997), and the recall of unpleasant items in depressed patients appears to be better than that of other items (Willner, 1985; Dalgleish and Watts, 1990).”
Background
The Effects of Blocked Versus Random Presentation and Semantic Relatedness of Stimulus Words on Response to a Modified Stroop Task Among Social Phobics
Holle, C., Neely, J. H., & Heimberg, R. G. (1997) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021860324879 · Cited by 111
The Comorbidity of PTSD and MDD: Implications for Clinical Practice and Future Research
Angelakis, S., & Nixon, R. D. V. (2015) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/bec.2014.26 · Cited by 111
“Along similar lines, Brewin and colleagues (Brewin, Hunter, Carroll, & Tata, 1996; Brewin et al., 2010), drawing on work from the depression ﬁeld (e.g., Dalgleish & Watts, 1990), proposed that MDD in the context of PTSD enhances access to negative memories and reduces access to positive memories.”
Information processing biases and panic disorder: Relationships among cognitive and symptom measures
Teachman, B. A., Smith-Janik, S. B., & Saporito, J. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.01.009 · Cited by 120
“However, this has been disputed, with some researchers arguing that Stroop effects more clearly demonstrate interference from personally relevant stimuli, rather than a clean attentional bias (see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Williams et al., 1997).”
Background
Self-criticism in adulthood and recalled childhood experience.
Brewin, C. R., Firth‐Cozens, J., Furnham, A. F., & McManus, I. C. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.101.3.561 · Cited by 103
The stability of parental bonding reports: a 20-year follow-up.
Murphy, E., Wickramaratne, P., & Weissman, M. (2010) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.01.003 · Cited by 100
“The mood–congruent memory bias of depression theory supports the idea that individuals tend to recallmaterial thatmatches themood they are in during retrieval (Blaney, 1986; Bower, 1981, 1987; Bower and Forgas, 2000; Dalgleish and Watts, 1990).”
Stressors, locus of control, and social support as consequences of affective psychological well-being.
Daniels, K., & Guppy, A. (1997) · Journal of Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/1076-8998.2.2.156 · Cited by 101
Emotional state and the use of stimulus dimensions in judgment.
Halberstadt, J. B., & Niedenthal, P. M. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.72.5.1017 · Cited by 99
A longitudinal investigation of information processing and cognitive organization in clinical depression: Stability of schematic interconnectedness.
Dozois, D. J. A., & Dobson, K. S. (2001) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.69.6.914 · Cited by 95
Memory for emotional trait adjectives in clinically depressed youth.
Doost, H. T. N., Taghavi, M. R., Moradi, A., Yule, W., & Dalgleish, T. (1998) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.107.4.642 · Cited by 94
Diathesis-stress models of psychopathology: A quantitative genetic perspective
Rende, R., & Plomin, R. J. (1992) · Applied and Preventive Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80123-4 · Cited by 96
Level of processing modulates the neural correlates of emotional memory formation
Ritchey, M., LaBar, K., & Cabeza, R. (2010) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.21487 · Cited by 105
“…that individual differences in valence-driven memory biases, both in the normal population and in the special populations like depressed patients (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990) or older adults (Mather & Knight, 2005), might be partially underscored by individual differences in the experience of…”
The relation between anxiety and skill in performance-based anxiety disorders: A behavioral formulation of social phobia
Hopko, D. R., McNeil, D. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Eifert, G. H. (2001) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(01)80052-6 · Cited by 96
Implicit and explicit memory for emotional information in non-clinical subjects
Bradley, B. P., Mogg, K., & Williams, R. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90085-x · Cited by 89
Information Processing and Anxiety Sensitivity: Cognitive Vulnerability to Panic Reflected in Interpretation and Memory Biases
Teachman, B. A. (2005) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-005-0627-5 · Cited by 89
“The difference in response time is interpreted as evidence of attentional bias (though this has been disputed; see Dalgleish & Watts, 1990; Williams, Watts, MacLeod, & Mathews, 1997).”
Background
Clinical Implications of Cognitive Bias Modification for Interpretative Biases in Social Anxiety: An Integrative Literature Review
Mobini, S., Reynolds, S. A., & Mackintosh, B. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9445-8 · Cited by 99
“…is based on the assumption that understanding the cognitive processes underlying the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders is a necessary prerequisite to the development of successful clinical interventions (e.g., Dalgleish and Watts 1990; Mathews and MacLeod 2002; Williams et al. 1997).”
Background
Depression, mindfulness, and psilocybin: possible complementary effects of mindfulness meditation and psilocybin in the treatment of depression. a review
Heuschkel, K., & Kuypers, K. P. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00224 · Cited by 86
“To exemplify, depressed patients take more time to adapt to new rules in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and show attentional and memory deficits predominantly in the context of positive affective stimuli (9, 10).”
Background
How Does Rumination Impact Cognition? A First Mechanistic Model
van Vugt, M. K., van der Velde, M., & ESM‐MERGE Investigators (2018) · Topics in Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/tops.12318 · Cited by 96
“One class of theories suggests that rumination arises from an increased bias toward negatively valenced information (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990).”
Background
A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of emotional Stroop in euthymic bipolar disorder
Lagopoulos, J., & Malhi, G. S. (2007) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/wnr.0b013e3282efa07a · Cited by 85
“For instance, the emotional Stroop task has been used successfully to modify performance by selective attention to emotionally relevant stimuli [9] demonstrating eloquently how emotion modulates brain activity in regions that subserve cognitive function [10].”
Method
Depressed patients' parental representations: stability across changes in depressed mood and specificity across diagnoses
Gerlsma, C., Das, J., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (1993) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90005-5 · Cited by 84
The effects of distraction during exposure to phobic stimuli
Rodriguez, B. I., & Craske, M. G. (1993) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(93)90106-5 · Cited by 81
Attention to Positive and Negative Social-Evaluative Words: Investigating the Effects of Social Anxiety, Trait Anxiety and Social Threat
Mansell, W., Ehlers, A., Clark, D. M., & Chen, Y. (2002) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615800290007263 · Cited by 80
Monitoring for Sleep-Related Threat: A Pilot Study of the Sleep Associated Monitoring Index (SAMI)
Semler, C. N., & Harvey, A. G. (2004) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000114870.50968.90 · Cited by 75
Autobiographical memory in the euthymic phase of recurrent depression.
Spinhoven, P., DELTA Study Group, Bockting, C., Schene, A. H., Koeter, M. W. J., Wekking, E. M., & Williams, J. M. G. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.3.590 · Cited by 78
“Memory impairment might be associated with more overarching factors common to various forms of psychopathology (e.g., severity of illness, motivational deficits, or effortful processing deficits) (Dalgleish & Watts, 1990).”
Background

Authors: Dalgleish, T., & Watts, F. N.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
Corresponding author: Watts, Fraser N.
ORCID: Dalgleish, Tim
Watts, Fraser N.
Venue: Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1990-01
Volume: 10
Issue: 5
Pages: 589-604
ISSN: 0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0272-7358(90)90098-u
OpenAlex: W1965578008
Cited by: 366
References: 100
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 11.30
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Keywords: attentional bias, memory bias, anxiety disorders, depression, threat stimuli, mood-congruent memory, cognitive biases, diathesis-stress model, schema theory, mental models, cognitive assessment, cognitive therapy

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Biases of attention and memory in disorders of anxiety and depression

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