Cited by 1,550Sex and Gender in HealthcareMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPediatric Pain Management Techniques

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Gender variations in clinical pain experience

Unruh, Anita M.·1996·Pain

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Abstract

This review is a critical summary of research examining gender variations in clinical pain experience. Gender-comparative pain research was identified through Medline and Psychlit searches and references obtained from bibliographies of pertinent papers and books. Review of this research demonstrates that women are more likely than men to experience a variety of recurrent pains. In addition, many women have moderate or severe pains from menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. In most studies, women report more severe levels of pain, more frequent pain and pain of longer duration than do men. Women may be at greater risk for pain-related disability than men but women also respond more aggressively to pain through health related activities. Women may be more vulnerable than men to unwarranted psychogenic attributions by health care providers for pain. Underlying biological mechanisms of pain and the contribution of psychological and social factors as they contribute to the meaning of pain for women and men warrant greater attention in pain research.

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Authors: Unruh, A. M.
Affiliations: Dalhousie University (CA)
Corresponding author: Unruh, Anita M.
Venue: Pain
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1996-05
Volume: 65
Issue: 2
Pages: 123-167
ISSN: 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6
OpenAlex: W2030619935
Cited by: 1,550
References: 305
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 45 · 2022: 50 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 70 · 2013: 69 · 2012: 71
FWCI: 34.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Pain (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Sex and Gender in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Pediatric Pain Management Techniques
Keywords: gender differences, pain experience, women, dysmenorrhea, pregnancy pain, labor pain, pain intensity, pain frequency, pain duration, pain-related disability, psychological factors, social factors
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Analgesics, Female, Disabled Persons, Persons with Disabilities, Humans, Male, Pain, Pregnancy, Recurrence, Sex Characteristics, Stress, Psychological, Prevalence, Pain Management

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