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Cited by 199Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and TreatmentPain Management and Opioid Use

Inpatient vs. outpatient pain management: results of a randomised controlled trial

de Williams, C. A.C., Richardson, P. H., Nicholas, M. K., Pither, C. E., Harding, V. R., Ridout, K. L., Ralphs, J. A., Richardson, I. H. +2 more·1996·Pain
DOI 10.1016/0304-3959(96)02996-x
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Abstract

Inpatient and outpatient cognitive behavioural pain management programmes for mixed chronic pain patients were compared. Patients were randomly allocated to the 4 week inpatient programme or to the 8 half day per week outpatient programme, or to a waiting list control group. Staff, teaching materials, and setting were the same for the two treatment groups. Patients were assessed pre-treatment, and at 1 month after discharge, and treated patients also at 6 months and 1 year after discharge, by assessors blind to treatment group; assessments included physical, functional and psychological measures, and medication use. In total, 121 mixed chronic pain patients (mean age 50 years; mean chronicity 8.1 years) were included in the study, following medical examination to ensure that no further medical treatment was appropriate. There was no change in the control group; inpatients and outpatients, comparable before treatment, both made significant improvements in physical performance and psychological function, and reduced medication use. Inpatients made greater gains, and maintained them better at 1 year; they also used less health care than outpatients. There were no outstanding predictors of improvement other than treatment group.

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Crossref · 10.1016/0304-3959(96)02996-x

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47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • In Analysis 2.2, heterogeneity of 61% was reduced to 54% by the removal of one positive outlier Williams 1996, but results were essentially unchanged.

    “In Analysis 2.2, heterogeneity of 61% was reduced to 54% by the removal of one positive outlier (Williams 1996), but results were essentially unchanged.”

    From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2020) · cites this paper as Williams 1996

  • In Analysis 3.2, heterogeneity was reduced to 55% by removal of one positive outlier (Williams 1996), without affecting the overall significant result.

    “In Analysis 3.2, heterogeneity was reduced to 55% by the removal of one positive outlier (Williams 1996), without affecting the overall significant result.”

    From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2012) · cites this paper as Williams 1996

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Authors
de Williams, C. A. C., Richardson, P. H., Nicholas, M. K., Pither, C. E., Harding, V. R., Ridout, K. L., Ralphs, J. A., Richardson, I. H., Justins, D. M., & Chamberlain, J. H.
Affiliations
  • Guy's Hospital (GB)
  • Royal North Shore Hospital (AU)
  • St Thomas' Hospital (GB)
ORCID
Nicholas, M. K.
Venue
Pain
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
1996-07
Volume
66
Issue
1
Pages
13-22
ISSN
0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0304-3959(96)02996-x
OpenAlex
W2035426342
Cited by
199
References
46
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 3
FWCI
8.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Pain (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Opioid Use
Keywords
chronic pain, cognitive behavioral therapy, inpatient pain management, outpatient pain management, physical function, psychological functioning, analgesic use, health care utilization, maintenance of treatment effects
MeSH terms
Ambulatory Care, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Palliative Care, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

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