Multidisciplinary treatment for chronic pain: a systematic review of interventions and outcomes
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OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of the effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatments of chronic pain and investigate about their differential effects on outcome in various pain conditions and of different multidisciplinary treatments, settings or durations. METHODS: In this article, the authors performed a systematic review of all currently available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) fulfilling the inclusion criteria, by using a recently developed rating system aimed to assess the strength of evidence with regard to the methodological quality of the trials. RESULTS: Compared with other non-disciplinary treatments, moderate evidence of higher effectiveness for multidisciplinary interventions was shown. In contrast to no treatment or standard medical treatment, strong evidence was detected in favour of multidisciplinary treatments. The evidence that comprehensive inpatient programmes were more beneficial that outpatient programmes was moderate. Fibromyalgia and chronic back pain patients tended to profit more substantially than patients with diverse origins or chronic pain diagnoses. No evidence was found that treatment variables, such as duration or programme components, were influential for the success of the intervention. CONCLUSION: A standard of multidisciplinary programmes should be internationally established to guarantee generally good outcomes in the treatment of chronic pain. Our results highlight the lack of quality of design, execution or reporting of many of the RCTs included in this article. Future studies should more specifically focus on differential effects of treatment components and patient variables, allowing the identification of subgroups, which most probably would profit from multidisciplinary pain programmes.
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The effect of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program observed in RCT would be generalizable to real-world practice, including to typical patients attending a rehabilitation program at an outpatient setting.
“The effect of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program observed in RCT would be generalizable to real-world practice.”
From Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in real-world patients with chronic back pain: A pilot cohort data analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
The Discussion (page not provided) judges the included RCTs generally clinically relevant and applicable, supporting the broad suggestion that their findings can inform practice. It does not establish that the observed effects generalize specifically to typical patients in outpatient rehabilitation; the review also reports stronger long-term effects for intensive inpatient programmes in three of four direct comparisons. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredA multidisciplinary approach to pain rehabilitation is superior to other active treatments in improving pain intensity, function, disability, and pain interference for patients with chronic pain, with small effect size (ds=0.20-0.36).
“Randomized clinical trials (RCT) suggest a multidisciplinary approach to pain rehabilitation is superior to other active treatments in improving pain intensity, function, disability, and pain interference for patients with chronic pain, with small effect size (ds= 0.20–0.36) but its effectiveness remains unknown in real-world practice.”
From Effectiveness of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in real-world patients with chronic back pain: A pilot cohort data analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [7]
The comparison-with-other-treatments section reports moderate evidence that multidisciplinary treatment is more effective than non-multidisciplinary active treatment. But the review does not establish improvement in each of the four named outcomes or report the claimed effect-size range (d=0.20–0.36); its diagnosis-specific comparison also finds weaker evidence for mixed chronic pain patients. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIPR programmes have been reported to show positive long-term results.
“Interdisciplinary pain rehabilitation (IPR) programmes have been reported to show positive long-term results.”
IPR produces better results than less extensive treatment or no treatment at all.
“Two systematic reviews found that IPR produces better results than less extensive treatment or no treatment at all,5,6 and the effect appears to be stable over time.”
The effect of IPR appears to be stable over time.
“Two systematic reviews found that IPR produces better results than less extensive treatment or no treatment at all,5,6 and the effect appears to be stable over time.”
The size of effects (small to moderate) is similar to other systematic reviews in this field: of mixed chronic pain, low back pain, fibromyalgia and arthritis.
“The size of effects -small to moderate -is similar to other systematic reviews in this field: of mixed chronic pain (Scascighini 2008), low back pain (Henschke 2010a; Hoffman 2007), fibromyalgia (Bernady 2010;Glombiewski 2010;Häuser 2009) and arthritis (Dixon 2007).”
From Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults (2012) · cites this paper as Scascighini 2008
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- Authors
- Scascighini, L., Toma, V., Dober-Spielmann, S., & Sprott, H.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Zurich (CH)
- ORCID
- Sprott, H.
- Venue
- Rheumatology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-01-29
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 670-678
- ISSN
- 1462-0324 (ISSN-L)
- 1462-0332
- OpenAlex
- W2119136552
- Cited by
- 613
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 1.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Lara D. Veeken (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Medical Practices and Rehabilitation
- Keywords
- chronic pain, multidisciplinary pain management, pain management program, fibromyalgia, chronic back pain, treatment effectiveness, methodological quality of trials, treatment duration, treatment components
- MeSH terms
- Chronic Disease, Combined Modality Therapy, Exercise Therapy, Humans, Pain, Psychotherapy, Group, Quality of Life, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Case-Control Studies, Physical Therapy Modalities, Pain Management
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